新型3,5-二芳基吡唑衍生物的合成与抑菌活性

以2-氯苯甲醛与2,4-二氯苯乙酮缩合形成α,β不饱和酮,然后和水合肼关环形成3-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-(2-氯苯基)吡唑结构骨架,合成了8个未见文献报道的3-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-(2-氯苯基)-4,5二氢-N-酰基吡唑类衍生物。经过元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱测试技术对其结构进行了表征。对新合成的化合物进行了初步生物活性测试结果表明,在化合物的质量浓度为50 mg/L时,化合物3f对水稻纹枯菌和稻瘟病菌的抑菌率分别为55.2%和57.1%。化合物3g对水稻纹枯菌、稻瘟病菌和油菜菌核菌的抑菌率分别为52.3%、60.0%和50.4%。     

新型5-芳基吡唑衍生物的合成与抑菌活性

以2-氯苯甲醛与酮缩合形成α,β不饱和酮,与水合肼关环形成5-(2-氯苯基)吡唑结构骨架,合成了18种未见文献报道的5-(2-氯苯基)-3-甲基(或乙基)-4,5-二氢-N-酰基吡唑类衍生物,并经过元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱测试技术对其结构进行了表征。对新合成的化合物进行了初步生物活性测试。结果表明,化合物3ae对稻瘟病菌的抑菌率达到60.2%,化合物3bf对油菜菌核菌的抑菌率达到56.7%。化合物3aj和3bj对供试病菌均有50%左右的抑菌率。     

1-(2-羟基苯甲酰基)-3-甲基-4-取代苯腙基-吡唑啉酮及其中间体的合成、表征及抑菌活性

依据生物活性叠加原理,将邻羟苯基、吡唑啉酮、苯腙基团进行合理组合,构建并合成了2-取代苯腙基-3-(2-羟基苯甲酰腙基)-丁酸乙酯(3a～3f)和1-(2-羟基苯甲酰基)-3-甲基-4-取代苯腙基-吡唑啉酮(4a～4f)两类、共计12种化合物,其中8种化合物未见报道,12种化合物的抑菌活性均未见报道.以芳胺为原料,经重氮化、与乙酰乙酸乙酯反应,与水杨酰肼缩合制得3a～3f,3a～3f经分子内关环制得4a～4f,化合物的结构经IR,1HNMR,元素分析等证实.生物活性测试表明,质量浓度为0.01%时,化合物3b,3c对大肠杆菌的抑菌率高达100%,具有很强的抑菌活性;化合物3a～3f对白色念珠菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率均达70%以上,具有较强的抑菌活性;化合物4a～4f对白色念珠菌、大肠杆菌的抑菌率均接近或达到100%,具有很强的抑菌活性,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率均达78%以上,具有较强抑菌活性;与3a～3f相比,形成吡唑啉酮环后的化合物4a～4f的抗菌活性更高.     

新型含2,4-二氯苯基-1,2,4-三唑Schiff碱Mannich碱衍生物的合成及生物活性

3-巯基-4-氨基-5-(2,4-二氯)苯基-1,2,4-三唑与取代苯甲醛经缩合反应制得中间体4-(取代苯次甲亚胺基)-5-(2,4-二氯苯基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮(3a~3d);3a~3d在甲醛溶液中分别与吗啉于75℃反应4 h合成了4个新型的含2,4-二氯苯基均三氮唑Schiff碱Mannich碱衍生物——4-(取代苯甲亚胺基)-5-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2-(吗啉亚甲基)-2H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮,收率69%~81%,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR,IR及元素分析表征。初步生物活性测试结果表明:部分目标化合物在用药量为100 mg·L-1时对黄瓜霜霉病的抑制率达100%。     

新型5-芳基-N-吡唑肟酯化合物的合成与杀菌活性

以水杨醛和丙酮缩合形成α,β不饱和酮,与水合肼和冰乙酸关环形成5-(2-羟基苯基)吡唑酮骨架,合成了10种未见报道的1-(5-(2-(苯氧基)苯基)-3-甲基)-4,5-二氢-N-吡唑肟酯类衍生物.通过元素分析、红外光谱及核磁共振氢谱测试技术对其结构进行了表征,初步测定了化合物的杀菌活性.结果表明,化合物对小麦赤霉病菌有较好的杀灭活性(其中化合物5f杀灭活性达到81.3%);化合物5g和5i对水稻纹枯病菌有中等杀灭活性,对稻瘟病菌的杀灭活性差.成了10种未见报道的1-(5-(2-(苯氧基)苯基)-3-甲基)-4,5-二氢-N-吡唑肟酯类衍生物.通过元素分析、红外光谱及核磁共振氢谱测试技术对其结构进行了表征,初步测定了化合物的杀菌活性.结果表明,化合物对小麦赤霉病菌有较好的杀灭活性(其中化合物5f杀灭活性达到81.3%);化合物5g和5i对水稻纹枯病菌有中等杀灭活性,对稻瘟病菌的杀灭活性差.     

5-(4-氯苯基)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-4-甲基吡唑-3-羧酸的合成

对氯苯丙酮经三甲基氯硅烷保护后与草酸单乙酯单酰氯缩合制得4-(4-氯苯基)-3-甲基-2,4-二氧代丁酸乙酯(4);4与2,4-二氯苯肼盐酸盐缩合成腙、再经分子内环合、水解合成了制备利莫那班的关键中间体——5-(4-氯苯基)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-4-甲基吡唑-3-羧酸,总收率30.3%,其结构经1HNMR和MS确证。     

1-芳基-4-吡唑-5-酰基氨基脲类化合物的合成及杀菌活性

为了寻求新的吡唑先导化合物, 用4-氯-1-甲基-3-乙基-5-吡唑甲酰肼与取代苯基异氰酸酯反应得到了14个新的1-吡唑酰基-4-芳基氨基脲类化合物. 经IR, 1H NMR, MS和元素分析对化合物的结构进行了表征. 初步生物活性实验结果表明, 在500 mg/mL浓度下, 化合物1-(4-氯-3-乙基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰基)-4-(2-甲基苯基)氨基脲(4g), 1-(4-氯-3-乙基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰基)-4-(2,4-二甲基苯基)氨基脲(4k)对小麦白粉病菌(Blumeria graminis)的抑制率分别达到90%和80%; 在25 mg/mL浓度下, 化合物1-(4-氯-3-乙基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰基)-4-苯基氨基脲(4c)对黄瓜灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率达到70.1%; 化合物1-(4-氯-3-乙基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰基)-4-苯基氨基脲(4c)和1-(4-氯-3-乙基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰基)-4-(2-硝基苯基)氨基脲(4d)对稻瘟病菌(Pyricularia oryzae)的抑制率均达到51.3%.     

1-苯甲酰基-1-甲硫基甲醇与硫脲和芳胺的反应研究

1-苯甲酰基-1-甲硫基甲醇(2)与硫脲(3a)和芳基取代硫脲(3b-3i)在弱酸性条件下回流反应1h,得到5-苯基咪唑啉-2-硫酮-4-酮(4a)和1-芳基-5-苯基咪唑啉-2-硫酮-4-酮(4b-4i),产率72%～89%.而化合物2与芳胺(5a-5f)在弱碱性条件下回流反应3h,则得到2-芳胺基-2-甲硫基苯乙酮(6a-6f),产率为64%～88%.     

新型含2, 4-二氯苯基的1, 2, 4-三唑喹唑啉衍生物的合成及抑菌活性

以2,4-二氯苯甲酸为起始原料，经酯化、肼解、成盐、闭环、缩合反应合成了4-(取代苯次甲亚胺基)-5-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2H-1, 2, 4-三唑-3(4H)-硫酮；以2-氨基-3-甲基苯甲酸为原料，经酰化、胺化和取代反应合成了2-(2-氯乙酰氨基)-N-甲基苯甲酰胺。以1%KOH溶液为溶剂，4-(取代苯次甲亚胺基)-5-(2,4-二氯苯基)- 2H-1,2,4-三唑-3(4H)-硫酮与2-(2-氯乙酰氨基)-3-甲基-N-甲基苯甲酰胺于50℃反应4 h合成了13个未见文献报道的含2, 4-二氯苯基1,2,4-三唑1,3,4-噻二嗪喹唑啉类化合物(9a~9m)，收率59%~74%，其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, ¹⁹F NMR和MS表征。采用浊度法测试目标化合物对柑橘溃疡病菌（Xac）、烟草青枯病菌(Rs)、水稻百叶枯病菌（Xoo）的抑制活性。结果表明：当浓度为50 μg/mL时，部分化合物具有较好的抑菌活性,其中化合物9j和对照药剂噻菌酮和叶枯唑的抑制率相当,对柑橘溃疡病菌的抑制率为56.4%，对水稻百叶枯病菌的抑制率为48.5%，具有进一步优化的潜力。     

4-取代苯次甲亚胺-5-(1-苯基-3-甲基-5-氯吡唑)-2H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮的合成

以乙醇为溶剂,冰醋酸为催化剂,4-氨基-5-(1-苯基-3-甲基-5-氯吡唑)-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮(1)与芳醛经缩合反应合成了7个新型的4-取代苯次甲亚胺-5-(1-苯基-3-甲基-5-氯吡唑)-4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮(3a~3g),收率66%~74%,其结构经1H NMR,IR及元素分析表征。合成4-(苯次甲亚胺)-5-(1-苯基-3-甲基-5-氯吡唑)-2H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮(3a)的最佳反应条件为:以乙醇为溶剂,乙酸为催化剂,1 10 mmol,n(苯甲醛)∶n(1)=1.2,于75℃反应3 h,产率74%。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.