硫酸亚铁及氯化铁与硫酸亚铁混合溶液与氢氧化钠溶液反应的沉淀pH曲线的测定及分析

应用手持技术pH传感器,测定了NaOH溶液滴定FeSO4溶液的t-pH曲线,应用origin 9.0分析实验数据,探讨了空气对Fe2+沉淀pH的影响;通过测定并分析FeSO4溶液滴定NaOH溶液的pH曲线,发现了溶液最终pH受金属离子水解程度的影响;通过测定并分析NaOH溶液滴定FeCl3和FeSO4混合溶液的pH曲线,探讨了Fe2+和Fe3+的互相影响,使其沉淀pH范围发生变化;通过测定并分析FeCl3和FeSO4混合溶液滴定NaOH溶液的pH曲线,验证了Fe2+和Fe3+的水解程度不同,Fe （OH）3和Fe （OH）2的存在条件也不一样。     

深度探究浓度对化学平衡的影响

就Fe3++SCN-Fe(SCN)2+平衡而言,向该平衡体系中加入一定浓度的FeCl3溶液,通过改进浓度对化学平衡影响的实验和对实验的深入探究,借助实验的功能解决了平衡移动的方向、Fe(SCN)2+的浓度和溶液的颜色是如何变化的等问题,进而使学生对“外界条件对化学平衡的影响”有了更全面的认识.     

液膜自然扩散微型化学实验教学研究

液膜自然扩散实验是以绿色化学为理念,在自制的点滴皿中,使反应物的溶液滴形成易于观察的膜,从而提高透视度和分辨率.物质在膜间自然扩散反应过程中,随着物质的量的规律性变化,形成从反应物经中间产物到生成物自然连续变化的对比现象.用该方法探究了“KMnO4与Na2SO3扩散反应随溶液碱酸性的变化规律”“FeCl3与KSCN、K4[Fe(CN)6]、NaOH的反应实验”“Co2+与SCN-生成配合物的过程”“石蕊溶液与酸、碱自然扩散过程的变化现象”等实验,方法简便,用药量少,现象明显,也有利于直接投影演示、拍摄记录实验过程中的现象,宜作为教学研究资料.     

基于手持技术探究温度对盐溶液pH的影响

受2018年北京高考化学试题第11题启发,选取浓度为0.1 mol·L-1的Na2SO3,Na2CO3,NaHCO3溶液为代表物,利用手持技术分别测定这3种盐溶液的pH随温度变化的数据,并依据实验数据分析结果,探讨因温度改变引起盐类水解、水电离、氧化还原反应、物质稳定性变化对溶液的pH的综合影响。     

基于思维可视化的盐类水解教学实验设计

针对教材中“影响盐类水解平衡的主要因素”部分的实验进行改进。确定室温下滴加了石蕊的酸性溶液在pH=5.0时发生颜色突变,根据此条件下水、氨水的电离平衡常数,定量计算并配制0.09 mol·L^-1的硫酸铵溶液,添加石蕊后初始颜色为紫色,通过对比加热、降温时溶液的显色变化,将铵根离子水解平衡移动的过程可视化。通过在“颜色溶液”中加入强碱弱酸盐探究双水解反应的本质,进一步验证温度、浓度对盐类水解造成的影响。实验简便快捷、效果明显,以可视化的思维过程助益学生建构完整的认知模型。     

Fe3+在水溶液中的水解平衡和配位平衡

通过实验研究Fe3 在水溶液中存在的水解平衡和配位平衡,探讨温度的改变对上述平衡移动的影响,并澄清了中学教学对Fe3 颜色、水解平衡移动等问题的认识误区。     

氢氧化铁胶体制备与性质实验的改进

针对现行的物理化学实验中的溶胶电泳实验,胶溶法存在容易失败的问题,水解法存在渗析纯化所需时间过长的问题,采用用盐酸溶液作为胶溶法的分散剂,对Fe(OH)3胶体实验进行了改进,省时简便,成功率高,可不经过渗析直接进行电泳实验。     

NaHCO3溶液与FeCl3溶液反应的实验探究

1　研究起因理论上,Fe3+与HCO3-的水解因相互促进而彻底进行:3HCO3- +Fe3+ =Fe(OH)3↓ +3CO2↑。Fe(OH)3在强酸性或强碱性溶液中才可以溶解:pH<4. 1 [1]时开始溶解,反应为Fe(OH)3 +3H+ =Fe3+ +3H2O;pH>14 [1]时开始溶解,反应为:Fe(OH)3 +6OH- =Fe(OH)63-或Fe(OH)3 +OH - =Fe(OH)44 -。[1~3]然而在一次探究性学生实验中,却出现如下现象:将NaHCO3溶液逐滴加入到FeCl3溶液中,生成无色气泡和絮状沉淀,而沉淀又逐渐溶解于溶液中,直至NaHCO3溶液达到一定量后,生成的沉淀才不再溶解;将FeCl3溶液逐滴加入到NaHCO3溶液中,溶液…     

KBrO3-CH3CH(NH2)CO2H-MnSO4-[Fe(phen)3]SO4-H2SO4体系的化学振荡反应

本文首次报道须在两种金属离子同时作用下的振荡反应——KBrO_3-CH_3CH(NH_2)CO_2H-MnSO_4-[Fe(phen)_3]SO_2-H_2SO_4体系的振荡反应,对反应产物作了分析,研究了两种金属离子在振荡反应中的不同作用,Mn~(2+)起催化氧化丙氨酸以产生丙酮酸的作用,而[Fe(phen)_3]~(2+)则是丙酮酸-BZ型反应的催化剂.研究了温度变化对振荡反应的影响,从而得出振荡反应各阶段的表观活化能.考察了Cl~-、自由基抑制剂及反应物浓度对振荡反应的影响.实验证明,振荡反应同时受Br~-及Br_2的控制,振荡机理与Br_2-水解控制模型相同.     

强碱弱酸所成的酸式盐的水解作用

在我们学习到盐类水解的时候,已经知道:(1)强酸强碱所成的正盐,如NaCl、KNO_3等的稀溶液呈中性,因为我们认为这种盐类不起水解作用,或起水解作用后,所成的酸和碱是强酸和强磁;(2)强碱弱酸所成的正盐,如Na_3PO_4、K_2SO_3等的稀溶液呈碱性,且其[OH~-]     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.