基于上转换荧光纳米粒子和金纳米粒子间荧光共振能量转移的高灵敏赭曲霉毒素A检测方法研究

制备了水溶性的上转换荧光纳米材料,在其表面修饰赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)适配体作为能量供体探针;在金纳米粒子表面修饰OTA适配体互补链作为能量受体探针,构建了OTA适配体传感器。在最优条件下,OTA的检测范围为0.001~10 ng/mL,检出限可达0.001 ng/mL。将其应用于啤酒样品中OTA的检测,当加标水平为0.01、0.1、1.0 ng/mL时,回收率为100%~119%,相对标准偏差为4.3%~4.9%,表明该方法可用于实际样品检测。该方法具有灵敏度高、特异性好、操作简单、成本较低等优点。     

ELISA试剂盒法测定水中LR型微囊藻毒素

建立了一种ELISA(酶联免疫吸附测定)试剂盒法测定水中LR型微囊藻毒素(MC–LR)的方法,方法检出限为0.10 ng/mL,相关系数r=0.999,加标回收率为89%～94%。该法适用于饮用水和水源水中MC–LR的测定。     

基于间接竞争原理的流式微球技术快速检测麦芽中赭曲霉毒素A

建立了一种快速、灵敏检测中药麦芽中赭曲霉毒素A(Ochratoxin A,OTA)含量的间接竞争流式微球方法.麦芽样品经60％甲醇/PBS提取,加入20％甲醇/PBS溶液稀释5倍后,离心取上清液制备样品.在编码荧光微球上偶联牛血清白蛋白-OTA(BSA-OTA)复合物,与样品中OTA竞争结合抗OTA特异性抗体,然后加入FITC-IgG孵育,离心洗涤后,用流式细胞仪检测微球表面的平均荧光强度,实现样品中OTA的准确定性定量测定.本方法检测OTA的半数抑制浓度IC50为1.20 ng/mL,相关系数R2=0.9892,检出限(IC10)为0.12 ng/mL,加样回收率为93.9％ ～ 97.4％,RSD＜3.6％.16份实际麦芽样品中检测到2个阳性样品,OTA的最高含量为3.83 μg/kg,未超出欧盟的OTA限量标准,与液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)法检测结果相一致.本方法简单、快速、灵敏、可靠,可拓展用于其它复杂基质中多种真菌毒素的定性与定量检测.     

生物素-亲和素放大酶联免疫吸附法测定氯胺酮

建立了检测氯胺酮的生物素-亲和素放大酶联免疫吸附测定法(BA-ELISA)。实验最佳测定条件:抗原包被浓度为2.0mg/L、氯胺酮单克隆抗体浓度为10.2mg/L,生物素化羊抗小鼠IgG(Biotin-IgG)和酶标链霉亲和素(SA-HRP)的最佳反应浓度分别为0.29和1.0mg/L。在此优化条件下,方法的线性范围为0.1～1000μg/L;检出限为0.03μg/L。氯胺酮生物样品的加标回收率为94%～102%。与酶标二抗体系ELISA法相比,BA-ELISA具有更高的灵敏度,适于低浓度氯胺酮的检测。     

金标记羟胺放大化学发光检测赭曲霉毒素A

以羧基磁性微球为分离载体,连接氨基捕获探针和适配体,加入生物素化报告序列和赭曲霉毒素A(Ochratoxin A,OTA)竞争结合适体,继续加入链霉亲和素纳米金和羟胺/Au~(3+)以显著提高化学发光检测OTA的灵敏度,从而建立了一种纳米金标记羟胺放大化学发光检测OTA的高灵敏度方法。优化了羧基磁性微球、氨基捕获探针、适配体、生物素化报告序列、链霉亲和素纳米金的用量。优化条件下,在OTA质量浓度0.01~50 ng/m L范围内,化学发光信号值与OTA浓度的对数呈较好的线性关系(r~2=0.992 5),检出限为1.58×10~(-3)ng/mL。对啤酒样品进行OTA加标回收实验,回收率为97.4%~105.4%,相对标准偏差为4.0%~5.5%。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱检测葡萄酒中赭曲霉毒素A

使用C18小柱固相萃取, C18反相柱(250 mm×4.6 mm i.d.)分离,V(乙腈):V(水):V(乙酸)＝99:99:2为流动相,荧光检测器(激发波长333 nm,发射波长460 nm)检测,测定葡萄酒中赭曲霉毒素A.其质量浓度在6.25～200 ng/mL范围内呈良好线性,相关系数为0.9997.样品经浓缩60倍后,方法检出限为0.027 ng/mL.对红葡萄酒、干红及白葡萄酒进行了加标回收实验,回收率为80.1%～109.8%.平行7份样品加标回收率相对标准偏差为5.9%.对市售6种葡萄酒进行了赭曲霉毒素A的测定.     

中性解吸电喷雾萃取电离质谱法直接检测蜂蜜中的敌敌畏

采用中性解吸电喷雾萃取电离质谱( ND-EESI-MS)技术,在无需样品预处理的条件下,建立了对蜂蜜中敌敌畏直接快速检测的方法。在正离子模式下,敌敌畏质子化离子峰位于 m/z 223,二级特征离子为m/z 109和127。在优化的条件下,以m/z 127的信号强度为定量指标,建立了蜂蜜中敌敌畏残留的定量检测方法。结果表明,在蜂蜜基质中,敌敌畏在5~1000 ng/mL浓度范围内与m/z 127的信号强度线性关系良好,相关系数为0.998,检出限为1.0 ng/mL(S/N=3);蜂蜜中3个加标水平(10,30和400 ng/mL)的敌敌畏的回收率为93.0％~103.0％,精密度(RSDs)小于4.4％。同时采用气相色谱(火焰光度检测器)方法作为对照方法,检测敌敌畏加标蜂蜜样品,结果表明,加标蜂蜜在5~1000 ng/mL浓度范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999,检出限为1.6 ng/mL;10,30和400 ng/mL 3个水平加标蜂蜜的回收率为94.9％~110.3％,精密度小于7.6％。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定虾饲料中7种真菌毒素

建立了虾饲料中黄曲霉毒素B_1(AFB_1)、黄曲霉毒素M_1(AFM_1)、T-2毒素(T-2)、HT-2毒素(HT-2)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)、赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)和玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)同时检测方法。样品中加入15 mL乙腈-水(体积比4∶1)和10 mL乙腈饱和正己烷,涡旋混匀,超声提取,MycoSpin~(TM)400多毒素净化柱净化后上机测定。采用Hypersil Gold (150 mm×2.1 mm,5μm)色谱柱进行分离,以甲醇-水(含0.03%氨水)为流动相梯度洗脱,在电喷雾电离模式下正、负离子同时扫描检测,基质匹配外标法定量。在优化条件下,7种真菌毒素的线性相关系数(r~2)均大于0.991,检出限为1.83～12.63μg/kg。在高、中、低3个加标水平下,各目标毒素的回收率为87.5%～116%,相对标准偏差为2.4%～18%。该法可为水产饲料中多种真菌毒素的同时检测提供参考。     

固相萃取-抑制电导离子色谱法测定水产品中有机酸

建立了梯度淋洗-抑制型电导离子色谱法检测水产品中有机酸的方法。在2～3个数量级范围内,该方法对目标化合物的检测线性良好。酒石酸的线性范围为15～500 ng/mL,检测限为0.05 mg/kg;柠檬酸线性范围为8～500 ng/mL,检测限为0.03 mg/kg。以大黄鱼、中华绒螯蟹、南美白对虾、文蛤为空白样品,加入酒石酸和柠檬酸质量分数分别为0.05,0.07和0.10 mg/kg,酒石酸的加标回收率介于84.4%～89.2%,RSD<6.5%,柠檬酸的加标回收率介于87.5%～93.8%,RSD<5.9%。     

细交链格孢菌酮酸间接竞争酶联免疫检测方法及配套试剂盒的研制

建立了间接竞争酶联免疫吸附法检测食品中细交链格孢酮酸(Tenuazonic Acid,TA)残留,并研制快速检测试剂盒。采用肟化法对TA进行衍生化,活泼酯法偶联半抗原和载体蛋白得到人工抗原TAO-BSA和TAO-KLH,以TAO-KLH作为免疫原免疫雌性Balb/c小鼠制备特异性抗体。对包被浓度、包被时间、封闭液类型、抗体工作浓度、二抗稀释度、底物显色时间等参数进行研究,建立了TA残留间接竞争酶联免疫检测方法并进行了配套试剂盒的研制。该试剂盒半抑制浓度Ic_(50)为1.48ng/mL,检测线性范围为0.06~35.95ng/mL(R~2=0.9941);检测限为0.02ng/mL;加标样品平均回收率大于88.50%;试剂盒的批间和批内平均变异系数分别为2.84%和9.49%,与食品中常见真菌毒素交叉反应率均小于1%。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.