2-甲基噻吩光异构化成3-甲基噻吩的理论研究

用CASSCF方法以6-31G基组研究了2-甲基噻吩光异构化为3-甲基噻吩的光化学反应和基态(S₀)及三重激发态(T₁)的相关势能面.反应主要发生在三重态(T₁)上,其间经历了两个双自由基,1个三元环中间体及4个过渡态.沿着反应路径找到了2个T₁/S₀势能面交叉点,其结构都类似于双自由基.在第二个T₁/S₀势能面交叉点附近由T₁向S₀的系间窜越(ISC)最为有利.     

氮杂环配体对卤化亚铜配合物发光机制影响的理论研究

为深入探讨卤化亚铜配合物的发光机制，运用密度泛函理论和含时密度泛函理论的计算方法研究了三个结构相似的溴化亚铜配合物(CuBr-py、CuBr-iq、CuBr-nap)。研究结果表明，CuBr-py和CuBr-nap,电子和空穴重叠程度小，导致其ΔE_ST较小；S₁与T₁间的重组能较小，使其可快速地完成反系间窜越过程，实现热活化延迟荧光(TADF)。此外，与CuBr-nap相比，CuBr-py自旋轨道耦合作用强，其磷光速率也较大，因此其具有TADF和磷光双通道发光特性。而CuBr-iq中喹啉环的存在增大了电子和空穴的重叠程度，ΔE_ST增大；同时S₁与T₁间的重组能较大，T₁无法顺利通过RISC过程回到S₁,导致其最终呈现出磷光特性。这些理论计算结果与实验现象一致，且揭示了N杂环配体结构对于卤化亚铜配合物发光机制的影响规律，为设计和合成稳定高效的发光材料提供了有价值的理论指导。     

硫代樟脑光化学反应的理论研究

运用量子化学方法优化了硫代樟脑的最低5个电子态(S₀, T₁, S₁, T₂和S₂)的结构, 并计算了它们的相对能量. 计算结果表明: S₁, T₁和T₂态的能量非常接近, 而S₂的能量远远高于T₂态, 这与之前对几种小的硫代羰基化合物的研究结论一致. 确定了硫代樟脑分子在T₁态发生β-插入反应和类Norrish II型反应的机理, 计算的势垒相对于S₀的振动零点分别为314.1和332.6 kJ/mol. 在400 nm波长的光的照射下, 分子被激发到S₁态, 此时分子没有足够的能量发生反应, 只能通过内转换回到基态. 当激发光波长在254 nm时, 硫代樟脑分子被激发到S₂态, 这时候体系有了足够的内部能量使反应发生. 实验上已经观察到此激发光波长下, 气态硫代樟脑可以发生β-插入反应和类Norrish II型反应.     

理论研究二米基硼B(Mes)2位置异构对Ir(III)配合物Ir(ppy)2(acac)的光物理性质的影响

采用DFT/TDDFT方法研究了二米基硼B（Mes）₂基团修饰的一类Ir（ppy）₂（acac）配合物1～3的光物理性质. 计算了电子结构,吸收和发射光谱以及自旋轨道耦合矩阵< T₁^α|H_SOC|S_n >和辐射跃迁速率（k_r）,探讨了取代基位置不同对磷光辐射和非辐射跃迁性质的影响. 研究结果表明：向ppy配体的吡啶环引入B（Mes）₂基团,能够加强金属铱（Ir）与配体乙酰丙酮（acac）的相互作用,减小单-三重态能级差ΔE（S₁-T₁）,提高系间窜跃速率和磷光辐射跃迁速率. 向ppy配体的苯环引入B（Mes）₂基团则增大了S₀与T₁的结构变形和自旋轨道耦合矩阵< S₀|H_SOC|T₁ >,使非辐射跃迁速率增加. B（Mes）₂基团位置异构,导致金属d轨道分裂方式不同,其在三个方向的自旋轨道耦合作用不同,辐射跃迁和非辐射跃迁都随之改变. 从理论上解释了通过对ppy配体的吡啶环修饰可获得高磷光量子产率的原因.     

供电子基团修饰对NNI-R系列分子光物理性质的影响

设计了一系列具有不同供电子基团的N-苯基-1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺衍生物(NNI-R), 对它们在二氯甲烷和气相中的几何结构、 电子结构以及室温磷光性能进行了研究. 在二氯甲烷极性溶剂中, NNI-R系列分子的最低单重激发态(S₁)有2个异构体, 分别表现为局域激发(LE)和电荷转移激发(CT). 具有弱给电子体(R=OMe, OH)时的NNI-R分子, 其S₁态为LE结构, 给体和受体间二面角垂直, 其总能量远低于CT结构, 会抑制系间窜越(ISC)的发生, 不会发生磷光现象. 在气相下, NNI-R系列分子的S₁态只有一种稳定的CT结构, 该特征能显著抑制荧光发射, 并有效促进系间窜越, 使NNI-R系列分子的室温磷光发射成为一种可能.     

基于给-受体结构的热活化延迟荧光材料

热活化延迟荧光（TADF）材料由于第一单线态（S₁）与三线态激发态（T₁）之间的能级差较小,使得三线态激子能够有效地系间窜越至单线态发光,实现100%的激子利用率,在有机发光二极管（OLED）等领域得到广泛应用,是目前有机电子学研究的热点之一。基于给-受体（D-A）结构构建TADF材料具有分子设计简便、易于制备、性能优异等特点,引起了人们的普遍关注。本文综述了基于D-A结构设计TADF材料的基本原则,依据给受体构筑单元的不同,概括了各类TADF材料的结构和性能特点以及在器件应用等方面的最新研究进展,最后总结了D-A结构型TADF材料尚存在的问题,并对其未来的关键研究方向进行了分析和展望。     

邻二氯苯激发态动力学

利用飞秒分辨的激光泵浦-探测技术结合飞行时间质谱和光电子速度成像方法研究了邻二氯苯第一电子单重激发态(S₁)的超快动力学.邻二氯苯的S₁态振动基态寿命为(651 ± 10) ps,对应于S₁振动基态向三重态的系间窜越过程.邻二氯苯S₁的高振动激发9a₂18a₂对应两个衰减通道,其中寿命为(458 ± 12) fs的超快过程对应于由处于振动激发的S₁向高振动激发的基态(S₀)发生的内转换过程,而寿命为(90 ± 10) ps过程则对应由S₁态向三重态(T₁)的系间窜越过程,电离产生的光电子能谱中长寿命的谱峰可能与系间窜越过程有关. S₁态高振动态的旋轨耦合程度比低振动态的更强,导致系间窜越过程更快.     

热激活延迟荧光材料的光物理行为及性能预测

热激活延迟荧光(Thermally activated delayed fluorescence, TADF)材料由于三线态激子可通过反系间窜越(Reverse intersystem crossing, RISC)转换为单线态激子,在有机发光二极管(Organic light-emitting diodes, OLEDs)中理论上可达到100%的激子利用率而被广泛关注。但实验上开发设计高性能TADF材料较为复杂且研究周期较长,理论研究可以从本质上建立材料结构-性能的关系,预测材料的性质并提供一定的分子设计策略。本文围绕高性能TADF材料的开发,从发光原理出发,系统阐述了分子的设计策略及光物理参数如材料单-三线态能级差(Single-triplet energy gap, ΔE_ST)、系间/反系间窜越速率、吸收/发射光谱、辐射/非辐射速率等的计算原理、计算方法和研究进展。最后我们探讨了TADF材料理论研究面临的机遇和挑战,通过对TADF材料的理论研究综述和研究前景的展望,期待吸引更多的研究工作者,推动该领域的发展和突破。     

DNA环境中硒代胸腺嘧啶和腺嘌呤碱基对的激发态性质和光物理机理的理论研究

应用高精度的多态完全活化自洽场二级微扰理论方法, 在量子力学/分子力学组合方法的理论框架 QM(MS-CASPT2//CASSCF)/MM下, 系统研究了DNA环境中2-硒和4-硒取代胸腺嘧啶和腺嘌呤碱基对(2SeT-A和4SeT-A)的最低5个电子态(S₀, S₁, S₂, T₂和T₁)的结构、 性质和光物理过程. QM(MS-CASPT2//CASSCF)/MM计算揭示了DNA环境中2SeT-A和4SeT-A碱基对激发态性质和光物理过程差异性的来源, 提出的机理将有助于理解DNA类似物的光物理过程, 在光动力学治疗中具有潜在的应用.     

电子给受体复合物中电荷转移吸收光谱和溶剂效应

用MP2/6-31G^**方法研究了二氯甲烷溶剂分子与电子给体、受体以及电子给受体复合物间的相互作用,结果表明,二氯甲烷与电子受体和电子给受体复合物间有弱氢键相互作用.利用CIS/6-31++G^**方法研究了溶剂与溶质分子间形成氢键对激发态的影响.自然键电荷分析表明,电子给受体复合物的S₀→S₁跃迁导致一个电子从电子给体转移到受体.结合非平衡溶剂化处理和自洽反应场方法研究了溶剂分子与复合物间形成氢键时的电荷转移吸收光谱.计算表明氢键作用导致复合物的电荷转移吸收光谱蓝移.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.