六六六、DDT残留量快速分析的气相色谱柱

关于有机氯杀虫剂残留量的气相色谱分析,已有许多报导。国外除六六六、DDT外,还大量使用艾氏剂、七氯、荻氏剂等,故其所用色谱柱需考虑十几个甚至更多的有机氯化合物的分离。我国农药中六六六用量最大,DDT为六六六的十分之一,其他品种的应用则极少。但在残留量分析法中,目前仍多采用与国外类似的色谱柱,不但分析时间长,而且有的组分不能完全分离。为此,需要研究一种快速和分离效率高的色谱柱。影响气相色谱柱效和分离速度的因素很多。在目前普遍使用2—4毫米内径填充柱的情况下,我们认为载气、载体和固定液的种类是影响柱效和分离速度的主要因素。因此,本文针对国内使用农药情况,     

QuEChERS净化GC/ECD测定茶叶与土壤中噻虫嗪、虫螨腈及高效氯氟氰菊酯残留

采用QuEChERS方法净化,建立了GC/ECD法同时检测茶叶和土壤中噻虫嗪、虫螨腈和高效氯氟氰菊酯残留的分析方法。样品经水浸润后,乙腈提取,适量PSA、GCB和Florisil混合填料净化提取液,GC/ECD检测。噻虫嗪、虫螨腈和高效氯氟氰菊酯的响应分别在0.50～400、0.20～100、0.40～200μg/L质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数r均大于0.99,检出限分别为0.25、0.05、0.10μg/L。茶叶和土壤样品中,噻虫嗪、虫螨腈和高效氯氟氰菊酯的平均加标回收率为62%～108%,相对标准偏差(RSDs)不大于15.8%,方法的定量下限(LOQs)均不大于10μg/kg。方法简便、快速,能够满足茶叶和土壤中上述3种不同极性农药残留同时检测的需要。采用该方法测定了3种农药在茶园茶叶和土壤中的残留量,结果满意。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定清补凉中六六六、DDT的残留量

建立毛细管气相色谱法测定清补凉中六六六、滴滴涕(DDT)的残留量。用丙酮提取样品中残留的有机氯农药,石油醚萃取,萃取液以浓硫酸净化。采用HP-1石英毛细管色谱柱对清补凉中8种六六六、DDT的异构体进行了检测。结果表明,该法测定下限为2.45×10-14～1.15×10-12g,加标平均回收率为84.9%～98.6%,相对标准偏差为1.6%～4.5%。     

水体中硝基芳烃类有机污染物分析方法研究进展

硝基芳烃类有机物是一类重要的化工原料,也是性质相对稳定、难以降解的高毒污染物。其检测技术主要有分光光度法、电化学法、液相色谱法、气相色谱-电子捕获检测器法(GC/ECD)、气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)等。其中GC/ECD法和GC-MS法因测定准确、灵敏、适用范围广而得到广泛应用。该文从不同类型水体中硝基芳烃类有机物样品的采集、前处理以及检测分析技术的选择角度,对硝基芳烃类有机物检测技术的发展进行了简要评述,同时对其分析方法进行了展望。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定5种中草药中有机氯农药的残留量

建立了怀牛夕等 5种中草药中六六六及滴滴涕异构体含量的气相色谱分析方法。样品以石油醚 +丙酮在索氏提取器中提取 ,提取液以浓硫酸净化。采用SE 30弹性石英毛细管柱分离样品 ,GC ECD检测六六六、滴滴涕农药的残留量。方法的线性范围为 5 .7× 10 - 7～ 2 .8× 10 - 4μg ;最小检测量为 1.3× 10 - 1 4～ 2 .5×10 - 1 2 g ;加样平均回收率为 88.8%～ 99.1% ;RSD为 0 .9%～ 5 .3%。     

红壤中痕量五氯酚的气相色谱法测定

五氯酚因其对生物体的广谱毒性和诱突变性，被我国和其他许多国家列为环境优先监测的持久性有机污染物之一。它在红壤地区曾广泛大量的使用，给环境造成一定的负面影响。本文探讨了应用超声波萃取、乙酸酐衍生化和气相色谱／电子捕获检测器(GC／ECD)测定红壤中痕量五氯酚的方法，并对不同的影响因素进行了对比，确定了一种较可靠的方法。该法的回收率为89％-101％。     

分散液液微萃取/气相色谱-质谱法测定蜂蜜中六六六和滴滴涕类农药残留

建立了分散液液微萃取(DLLME)与气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)联用快速检测蜂蜜中六六六(BHC)和滴滴涕(DDT)类农药残留的分析方法.使用三氯甲烷为萃取剂,通过涡旋、离心使分析物富集到微量三氯甲烷中,采用气相色谱-质谱进行分析.实验对影响DLLME萃取效率的因素,如萃取剂种类和体积、分散剂种类和体积、萃取时间等进行了考察,同时对方法的基质效应和性能进行了评估.结果显示:由于基质效应,8种六六六和滴滴涕类农药都出现信号增强现象.8种六六六和滴滴涕类农药在2~500 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r²)为0.991~0.998,方法富集倍数为74~96;当试样的加标水平为20、50和100 μg/kg时,8种六六六和滴滴涕类农药的回收率为61.0%~100.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=5)为2.2%~19.5%.8种六六六和滴滴涕类农药的最低检测浓度均为20 μg/kg,最小检出量皆为1.0 ng.该方法简单、快速、高效,适用于蜂蜜中六六六和滴滴涕类农药的残留检测.     

调味品中氯丙醇的GC/ECD和GC/MS/MS衍生化检测方法研究及应用

报道了调味品中氯丙醇的衍生化气相色谱(GC／ECD)和衍生化气相色谱双串联质谱法(GC／MS／MS)测定。GC／ECD测定酱油中3—氯—1，2—丙二醇(3—MCPD)的检出限达到0．01mg／kg，回收率为91％～104％，变异系数为2．27％～7．96％；GC／MS／MS同时测定酱油中1，3—二氯—2—丙醇、2，3—二氯—1—丙醇和3—氯—1，2—丙二醇，1，3—二氯—2—丙醇、2，3—二氯—1—丙醇的检出限为0．02mg／kg，3—氯—1，2—丙二醇的检出限为0．01mg／kg，回收率在92％～106％，变异系数为3．51％～13．33％。     

固相微萃取-气相色谱-电子捕获快速富集检测海水中的有机氯农药

建立了固相微萃取(SPME)技术结合气相色谱-电子捕获(GC—ECD)检测方法,对大连近海养殖区内海水中的痕量12种有机氯农药进行检测,以便对该水域中海产品的食品安全性进行评估。该法具有较好的线性(相关系数为0．98～0．99),检出限达0．2～7ng／L,定量下限为0．66～23ng／L,重复测定的相对标准偏差小于10％(n=3),回收率为68％～133％。对影响SPME的参数和海水中存在的基质干扰进行探讨。     

气相色谱-质谱法检测饮用水新生含氮消毒副产物氯代乙酰胺

建立了气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法检测饮用水中新生致突变含氮消毒副产物(N-DBPs)二乙酰胺(DCAcAm)和三乙酰胺(TCAcAm)的分析方法.考察了GC/MS和GC/ECD两种检测仪器及不同样品前处理技术对氯代乙酰胺(CAcAms)的检测效果.对比发现,酸催化水解+GC/ECD的分析方法容易受其它消毒副产物(DBPs)的影响,直接液液萃取(LLE)+GC/MS更适合CAcAms的分析;乙酸乙酯(ETAC)的萃取效果优于DBPs分析常用萃取剂甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE).在选定条件下,DAcAm和TAcAm在10～1000 μg/L的范围内线性关系良好,r＞0.9995; 方法回收率在82.0%～111.9%之间;RSD小于10%;检出限(MDL)和测定限(RQL)均低于1 μg/L.     

两种前处理方法应用于气相色谱-质谱联用测定水产品中三氯杀螨醇残留量

建立了两种样品前处理方法应用于气相色谱串联质谱法测定水产品中三氯杀螨醇残留量。样品经氯化钠配合乙腈/水均质研磨,超声辅助提取,提取液经净化后,供气相色谱-质谱联用(GC/MS)分析。采用选择离子扫描方式(SIM),外标法定量。在优化前处理和上机条件下测试,三氯杀螨醇检出限(S/N≥10)为0.006mg/kg,在加标水平0.01～0.10mg/kg范围内,方法Ⅰ的回收率为76.8%～110.3%,RSD为3.06%～9.43%;方法Ⅱ的回收率为76.6%～100.4%,RSD为3.21%～8.35%。该方法的准确度和精密度符合农残分析要求,可为我国水产品出口提供技术支持。     

Application of tandem mass spectrometry combined with gas chromatography to the routine analysis of ethyl carbamate in stone-fruit spirits

Gas chromatography (GC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) operated in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode is currently the method of choice for the determination of the toxic contaminant ethyl carbamate in alcoholic beverages. However, even after extensive sample cleanup over diatomaceous earth columns, the identity of ethyl carbamate often cannot be ascertained with confidence, due to inconsistent ratios of the SIM ions m/z 62, 74 and 44 because the qualifier ions are highly susceptible to interferences. Therefore, a new method combining GC and tandem MS using a triple-quadrupole instrument is introduced to determine ethyl carbamate in stone-fruit spirits. For quantitative analysis the characteristic transitions of m/z 74 --> 44 and m/z 62 --> 44 for ethyl carbamate as well as m/z 64 --> 44 for the deuterated internal standard ethyl carbamate-d5 were monitored in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. In the validation studies, ethyl carbamate exhibited good linearity with a regression coefficient of 1.000. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.01 and 0.04 mg/L. The recovery of the method was 100.4 +/- 9.4%. The precision never exceeded 7.8% (intraday) and 10.1% (interday) and the trueness never exceeded 11.3% (intraday) and 12.2% (interday) at any of the concentrations examined, indicating good assay accuracy. A good agreement of analytical results between a previously developed GC/MS SIM method and the GC/MS/MS MRM procedure was found (R=0.987). Regarding the validation data, the procedure is sensitive, selective and reproducible. The applicability of the developed method was demonstrated by the investigation of 70 stone-fruit spirits from commercial trade. The ethyl carbamate concentration of the samples ranged between 0.07 and 7.70 mg/L (mean 1.21 mg/L). The main advantage of the developed GC/MS/MS method is the reliability of the results without the need for time-consuming confirmatory analyses.     

甲基睾酮人体代谢物的选择反应监控检测法

采用ＧＣ／ＭＳ／ＭＳ的选择反应监控（ＳＲＭ）法检测尿中甲基睾酮的人体代谢物，与ＧＣ／ＭＳ的选择离子检测（ＳＩＭ）法比较，ＳＲＭ法有更高的选择性和确证能力。该种检测方法的建立，可以更有效地判定阳性尿。     

水果中三唑酮残留量的气相色谱和气相色谱—质谱分析

水果中三唑酮残留用丙酮提取，经液－液分配净化，用气相色谱－电子捕获检测器测定，并用相色谱－质谱进行确证以ＨＰ－５大口径毛细管柱和ＨＰ－５ＭＳ毛细管柱为分离柱，选择出合适的色谱条件。三唑酮的分离效果良好。     

应用GC-MS测定葡萄中的5种农药残留

酿酒葡萄是河北昌黎的主要水果种植品种,由于受海洋气候的影响,当地空气湿热,葡萄病害十分严重,因而农药使用十分频繁,为了评价其农药残留水平,我们采用丙酮提取,凝胶分离,硅胶小柱净化,GC-MS的选择离子方式检测对采集的葡萄样品进行5种农药(百菌清、精甲霜灵、苯醚甲环唑、嘧菌酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯)的残留分析。     

Construction of an automated gas chromatography/mass spectrometry system for the analysis of ambient volatile organic compounds with on-line internal standard calibration

An automated sampling and enrichment apparatus coupled with a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technique was constructed for the analysis of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs). A sorbent trap was built within the system to perform on-line enrichment and thermal desorption of VOCs onto GC/MS. In order to improve analytical precision, calibration accuracy, and to safe-guard the long-term stability of this system, a mechanism to allow on-line internal standard (I.S.) addition to the air sample stream was configured within the sampling and enrichment apparatus. A sub-ppm (v/v) level standard gas mixture containing 1,4-fluorobenzene, chloropentafluorobenzene, 1-bromo-4-fluorobenzene was prepared from their pure forms. A minute amount of this I.S. gas was volumetrically mixed into the sample stream at the time of on-line enrichment of the air sample to compensate for measurement uncertainties. To assess the performance of this VOC GC/MS system, a gas mixture containing numerous VOCs at sub-ppb (v/v) level served as the ambient air sample. Various internal standard methods based on total ion count (TIC) and selective ion monitoring (SIM) modes were attempted to assess the improvement in analytical precision and accuracy. Precision was improved from 7-8% RSD without I.S. to 2-3% with I.S. for the 14 target VOCs. Uncertainties in the calibration curves were also improved with the adoption of I.S. by reducing the relative standard deviation of the slope (Sm%) by an average a factor of 4, and intercept (Sb%) by a factor of 2 for the 14 target VOCs.     

Identification, quantitation and method validation for the analysis of suspected allergens in fragrances by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometry and with flame ionization detection

The first part of this study first aims at validating a method to identify suspected allergens limited by EU regulations in fragrances by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC) coupled with rapid scanning quadrupole MS (GC x GC-qMS). The effectiveness of the quadrupole MS operating at different scanning speed (1000 and 11,111 amu/s) was evaluated in identifying (full scan mode acquisition--TIC) and in quantifying (single ion monitoring--SIM) the target analytes in complex mixtures. In full scan acquisition mode the mass range was reduced to 40-240 amu to increase the scan acquisition rate while in SIM mode the influence of different dwell-times (40, 10 and 5 ms) was tested. The number of scans for each single modulated chromatographic GC x GC peak and the total number of scans for the 2D peak, together with half height peak width (referred to apex) of each allergen in the standard mixture in both TIC and SIM modes were determined. Moreover, the match quality of the spectra obtained by GC/MS at 1000 and 11,111 amu/s and by GC x GC-MS at 11,111 amu/s were compared and the occurrence of spectral skewing verified. In the second part of this work quantitative methods by GC x GC-SIM/qMS and GC x GC-FID were validated on the basis of Eurachem/CITAC protocols through which the following performance parameters were determined: confirmation of identity, selectivity and specificity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), linearity (working and linear range), precision and accuracy and uncertainty. Suspected allergens were spiked in a concentration range between 2 and 25 ppm (microg/mL) on a Test fragrance taken as a reference, while 1,4 dibromo-benzene and 4,4'-dibromodiphenyl were used as internal standards.     

GC-MS法检测牛肉中拟除虫菊酯的残留量

建立了柱层析法/气相色谱(GC)-负化学离子源(NCI)质谱检测牛肉中7种常用拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂残留的方法.样品经乙腈提取,通过中性氧化铝层析柱净化后,再由气相色谱-负化学离子源质谱选择离子监测技术(SIM)进行测定.7种菊酯类农药标准溶液在10～1 000 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,r2均大于0.997,在10、20...     

Simultaneous determination of 103 pesticide residues in tea samples by LC‐MS/MS

A simple and sensitive method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 103 pesticide residues in tea by LC‐MS/MS. For the analysis of the pesticide with polarity, thermal lability or low volatility, this LC‐MS/MS method has an advantage over GC. In this work, residual pesticides were extracted from the tea sample with ACN and then purified using Carb‐NH₂ SPE cartridges. Using the multiple reaction monitoring mode, the pesticides were quantified and identified by the most abundant and characteristic fragment ions. The recoveries obtained for each pesticide ranged between 65 and 114% at three spiked concentration levels. The intra‐day precisions were lower than 19.6%. Good linear relationships were observed with the correlation coefficients r² >0.996 for all analytes. The established method was successfully applied to the determination of pesticide residues in real tea samples.     

圆盘固相萃取-GC/MS/SIM法在水体有机氮磷农药测定中的应用研究

通过有机氮磷农药测定的样品前处理技术一圆盘固相萃取、GC／MS的测定技术—选择离子跳变扫描SIM的应用研究，建立了水体中有机氮磷的分析测定方法．其方法检出限达到了ng／L级的水平。