首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 437 毫秒
1.
在合成系列硅铝比纳米薄层HZSM-5分子筛的基础上,研究了纳米薄层HZSM-5分子筛催化甲醇制丙烯(MTP)的反应性能.在固定床微反装置上详细考察了工艺条件对纳米薄层HZSM-5分子筛催化性能的影响,同时与纳米HZSM-5分子筛对MTP反应的催化性能进行了比较.结果表明,纳米薄层HZSM-5分子筛具有较高的目的产物选择性和较长的催化寿命.在适宜硅铝比(n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)=213)和反应条件下(温度470°C,甲醇质量空速为3 h-1),丙烯的选择性达到46.7%,三烯(乙烯、丙烯和C4烯烃)选择性达到78.7%.其中,丙烯/乙烯的质量比可达到6.5,是纳米HZSM-5分子筛的2倍,而芳烃的选择性比纳米分子筛明显降低.这是因为纳米薄层HZSM-5分子筛比纳米HZSM-5分子筛具有较宽的(010)晶面、较大的外比表面积和介孔孔容.  相似文献   

2.
以低硅铝比(n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)=20-45)的ZSM-5分子筛为催化剂, 研究了混合C4烃的催化裂解反应, 并对不同硅铝比的ZSM-5分子筛进行了酸性表征. 混合C4烃的催化裂解反应结果表明, 低硅铝比的ZSM-5分子筛具有较高的低温催化活性, 高硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛催化剂上乙烯和丙烯的收率高于低硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛催化剂, 低硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛上苯和甲苯的收率高于高硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛催化剂. 在反应温度为625 ℃时, 硅铝比为20的ZSM-5分子筛催化剂上乙烯、丙烯、苯和甲苯的总收率可达79.42%. 酸性表征结果表明, 硅铝比低的ZSM-5分子筛具有更多的Bronsted(B)酸酸量、Lewis(L)酸酸量及总酸酸量, 这是低硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛具有低温高活性及高的苯和甲苯收率的原因.  相似文献   

3.
低硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛上C4烃的催化裂解反应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以低硅铝比(n(SiO2)/n(Al2O2)=20-45)的ZSM-5分子筛为催化剂,研究了混合C4烃的催化裂解反应,并对不同硅铝比的ZSM-5分子筛进行了酸性表征.混合C4烃的催化裂解反应结果表明,低硅铝比的ZSM-5分子筛具有较高的低温催化活性,高硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛催化剂上乙烯和丙烯的收率高于低硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛催化剂,低硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛上苯和甲苯的收率高于高硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛催化剂.在反应温度为625℃时,硅铝比为20的ZSM-5分子筛催化剂上乙烯、丙烯、苯和甲苯的总收率可达79.42%.酸性表征结果表明,硅铝比低的ZSM-5分子筛具有更多的Bronsted(B)酸酸量、Lewis(L)酸酸量及总酸酸量,这是低硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛具有低温高活性及高的苯和甲苯收率的原因.  相似文献   

4.
SAPO-34分子筛催化丁烯转化制丙烯的研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
通过水热法合成SAPO-34分子筛,将其制成催化剂用于催化丁烯转化制取丙烯,考察了反应温度、空速和铝磷比等对催化性能的影响;还比较了SAPO-34分子筛与ZSM-5分子筛催化该反应的差异.结果表明,在实验范围内,反应温度升高会使得丁烯的转化率明显增高,且丙烯选择性提高;而空速增加,则丁烯的转化率和丙烯选择性降低;铝磷比越大,对丙烯的选择性越差.在有效的反应时间内,SAPO-34分子筛催化效果好于ZSM-5分子筛,但单程寿命较ZSM-5分子筛短.  相似文献   

5.
陈磊  卢鹏  袁扬扬  徐力  张晓敏  许磊 《催化学报》2016,(8):1381-1388
分子筛结构的独特性和多样性使其在催化、吸附分离和离子交换等领域有着广泛应用.近年来,纳米分子筛制备和应用受到极大关注.与传统微米分子筛相比,纳米分子筛具有较小的晶粒尺寸、较大的外表面积和较高的表面活性,能显著提高其分离和催化性能.制备纳米晶体的常用方法有过量模板法、空间限定法、晶种法、离子热合成法及微反应器合成法等.目前,已合成出多种拓扑结构的纳米分子筛,包括 FAU, MFI, MEL和CHA等. ZSM-22是一种具有 TON拓扑结构的一维十元环直孔道分子筛(孔口尺寸为0.45 nm ×0.55 nm),在长链烷烃异构化和烯烃异构化等反应中表现出优异的催化活性.水热合成法是制备 ZSM-22分子筛最常用的方法,所得样品晶粒尺寸为2–15μm,但由于 ZSM-22分子筛是一种亚稳态结构,为了防止杂晶生成,合成通常是在剧烈搅拌(通常大于400 r/min)下进行.目前已有报道在较低转速下合成 ZSM-22分子筛,但产物仍为微米晶体;或在微波辅助水热合成条件下合成亚微米 ZSM-22分子筛,但晶体尺寸不可调且合成过程需要较高功率的微波反应器.因此,在水热条件下合成纯纳米 ZSM-22分子筛仍然是一个巨大挑战.本文在上述研究基础上采用改进的水热合成法成功合成出纳米 ZSM-22分子筛,考察了转速﹑硅铝比及乙醇共溶剂对晶粒尺寸的影响,比较了纳米和常规微米 ZSM-22分子筛的甲醇转化反应性能.结果表明,采用改进的水热合成法能够在较低转速下合成出纳米 ZSM-22分子筛,晶体尺寸在150–800 nm范围可调.通过考察转速对晶粒尺寸的影响,发现静态合成条件下无法形成 ZSM-22分子筛,表明 ZSM-22分子筛合成需要一定的转速.转速在10–50 r/min变化时,可以合成出不同晶体尺寸的 ZSM-22分子筛,且随转速提高, ZSM-22分子筛晶体尺寸先减小后增大,表明纳米 ZSM-22分子筛合成存在最佳转速.另外,配料硅铝比能显著影响 ZSM-22分子筛晶体尺寸,随配料硅铝比增加, ZSM-22分子筛晶体尺寸先减小后增大.通过在合成体系中添加乙醇作为共溶剂,考察了有机溶剂对 ZSM-22分子筛晶粒尺寸的影响,发现有机溶剂能显著增大 ZSM-22的晶体尺寸.将本文合成的纳米和常规微米 ZSM-22分子筛用于甲醇转化反应,考察了晶体尺寸对 ZSM-22分子筛甲醇转化反应性能的影响.发现与常规微米 ZSM-22分子筛相比,纳米 ZSM-22分子筛催化剂寿命显著提高,说明晶粒尺寸减小能有效减缓积碳导致的分子筛失活;同时,反应产物中乙烯和芳烃选择性有所提高,这是由于外表面积增大所致.此外,还考察了不同硅铝比 ZSM-22分子筛的甲醇转化反应性能.结果表明,分子筛硅铝比会影响催化剂寿命,但晶体尺寸对催化剂寿命影响更大. ZSM-22分子筛硅铝比增大有助于提高低碳烯烃选择性,减少芳烃生成.  相似文献   

6.
分子筛结构的独特性和多样性使其在催化、吸附分离和离子交换等领域有着广泛应用.近年来,纳米分子筛制备和应用受到极大关注.与传统微米分子筛相比,纳米分子筛具有较小的晶粒尺寸、较大的外表面积和较高的表面活性,能显著提高其分离和催化性能.制备纳米晶体的常用方法有过量模板法、空间限定法、晶种法、离子热合成法及微反应器合成法等.目前,已合成出多种拓扑结构的纳米分子筛,包括FAU,MFI,MEL和CHA等.ZSM-22是一种具有TON拓扑结构的一维十元环直孔道分子筛(孔口尺寸为0.45nm×0.55nm),在长链烷烃异构化和烯烃异构化等反应中表现出优异的催化活性.水热合成法是制备ZSM-22分子筛最常用的方法,所得样品晶粒尺寸为2–15μm,但由于ZSM-22分子筛是一种亚稳态结构,为了防止杂晶生成,合成通常是在剧烈搅拌(通常大于400r/min)下进行.目前已有报道在较低转速下合成ZSM-22分子筛,但产物仍为微米晶体;或在微波辅助水热合成条件下合成亚微米ZSM-22分子筛,但晶体尺寸不可调且合成过程需要较高功率的微波反应器.因此,在水热条件下合成纯纳米ZSM-22分子筛仍然是一个巨大挑战.本文在上述研究基础上采用改进的水热合成法成功合成出纳米ZSM-22分子筛,考察了转速﹑硅铝比及乙醇共溶剂对晶粒尺寸的影响,比较了纳米和常规微米ZSM-22分子筛的甲醇转化反应性能.结果表明,采用改进的水热合成法能够在较低转速下合成出纳米ZSM-22分子筛,晶体尺寸在150–800nm范围可调.通过考察转速对晶粒尺寸的影响,发现静态合成条件下无法形成ZSM-22分子筛,表明ZSM-22分子筛合成需要一定的转速.转速在10–50r/min变化时,可以合成出不同晶体尺寸的ZSM-22分子筛,且随转速提高,ZSM-22分子筛晶体尺寸先减小后增大,表明纳米ZSM-22分子筛合成存在最佳转速.另外,配料硅铝比能显著影响ZSM-22分子筛晶体尺寸,随配料硅铝比增加,ZSM-22分子筛晶体尺寸先减小后增大.通过在合成体系中添加乙醇作为共溶剂,考察了有机溶剂对ZSM-22分子筛晶粒尺寸的影响,发现有机溶剂能显著增大ZSM-22的晶体尺寸.将本文合成的纳米和常规微米ZSM-22分子筛用于甲醇转化反应,考察了晶体尺寸对ZSM-22分子筛甲醇转化反应性能的影响.发现与常规微米ZSM-22分子筛相比,纳米ZSM-22分子筛催化剂寿命显著提高,说明晶粒尺寸减小能有效减缓积碳导致的分子筛失活;同时,反应产物中乙烯和芳烃选择性有所提高,这是由于外表面积增大所致.此外,还考察了不同硅铝比ZSM-22分子筛的甲醇转化反应性能.结果表明,分子筛硅铝比会影响催化剂寿命,但晶体尺寸对催化剂寿命影响更大.ZSM-22分子筛硅铝比增大有助于提高低碳烯烃选择性,减少芳烃生成.  相似文献   

7.
采用静态水热法在F~--OH~-体系中,以四丙基氢氧化铵为模板剂、偏铝酸钠为铝源、正硅酸乙酯为硅源,合成了纳米SiO_2-ZSM-5分子筛,考察了F-/Al_2O_3物质的量比对所合成的ZSM-5分子筛织构性质和甲醇转化制丙烯催化性能的影响。结果发现,随着初始溶胶F~-/Al_2O_3物质的量比的增大,产物中SiO_2的含量增大,ZSM-5分子筛的相对结晶度有所降低;同时,分子筛的比表面积和孔容减小、酸强度降低、酸量减少。对于甲醇转化制丙烯,最佳F-/Al_2O_3物质的量比为12;此时,丙烯选择性高于45%,丙烯/乙烯(P/E)比值大于10。反应机理分析表明,过渡态择形选择性是控制烯烃选择性的重要因素。  相似文献   

8.
采用晶种法直接合成了硅铝比(SiO_2/Al_2O_3物质的量比)为137、224和309的三种Al-ITQ-13分子筛,并采用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、N_2吸附-脱附、固体核磁共振(MAS NMR)和NH_3-程序升温脱附(NH_3-TPD)等分析方法对不同硅铝比分子筛进行了表征,并在固定床微型反应评价装置上,考察了硅铝比对甲醇转化制丙烯反应性能的影响。结果表明,不同硅铝比Al-ITQ-13分子筛呈现出相似的织构性质,酸量及酸强度随着硅铝比的升高逐渐下降。硅铝比对甲醇转化反应的产物分布存在较大的影响;随着硅铝比的升高,氢转移反应和芳构化反应活性降低,使得乙烯选择性下降,而丙烯和丁烯的选择性升高。硅铝比由137提高到309,丙烯的选择性(质量分数)由46.04%增加到55.52%,而丙烯/乙烯比由3.39提高到6.57。  相似文献   

9.
采用静态水热法在F--OH-体系中,以四丙基氢氧化铵为模板剂、偏铝酸钠为铝源、正硅酸乙酯为硅源,合成了纳米SiO2-ZSM-5分子筛,考察了F-/Al2O3物质的量比对所合成的ZSM-5分子筛织构性质和甲醇转化制丙烯催化性能的影响。结果发现,随着初始溶胶F-/Al2O3物质的量比的增大,产物中SiO2的含量增大,ZSM-5分子筛的相对结晶度有所降低;同时,分子筛的比表面积和孔容减小、酸强度降低、酸量减少。对于甲醇转化制丙烯,最佳F-/Al2O3物质的量比为12;此时,丙烯选择性高于45%,丙烯/乙烯(P/E)比值大于10。反应机理分析表明,过渡态择形选择性是控制烯烃选择性的重要因素。  相似文献   

10.
采用水热法合成RUB-13分子筛,探讨了有机模板剂(OSDA)、硅源、晶化温度和水硅比等制备条件对RUB-13分子筛晶体结构的影响,考察了RUB-13分子筛在甲醇制烯烃(MTO)反应中的催化性能。结果表明,采用1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶(PMP)为有机模板剂、白炭黑为硅源,在晶化温度为170℃的条件下,选择H2O/Si比为100和80时可分别合成出高纯度的低硅铝比(Si/Al=100)和高硅铝比(Si/Al=200)的RUB-13分子筛晶体,且晶粒呈棒状形貌。H-Al-B-RUB-13(Si/Al=200)分子筛用于催化甲醇制烯烃反应时,在400℃下表现出高的低碳烯烃选择性(C2=-5选择性达97. 8%,丙烯选择性为54. 5%),优于传统的H-SAPO-34和H-ZSM-5分子筛催化剂。  相似文献   

11.
Herein, we analyze earlier obtained and new data about peculiarities of the H/D hydrogen exchange of small C1n‐C4 alkanes on Zn‐modified high‐silica zeolites ZSM‐5 and BEA in comparison with the exchange for corresponding purely acidic forms of these zeolites. This allows us to identify an evident promoting effect of Zn on the activation of C? H bonds of alkanes by zeolite Brønsted sites. The effect of Zn is demonstrated by observing the regioselectivity of the H/D exchange for propane and n‐butane as well as by the increase in the rate and a decrease in the apparent activation energy of the exchange for all C1n‐C4 alkanes upon modification of zeolites with Zn. The influence of Zn on alkane activation has been rationalized by dissociative adsorption of alkanes on Zn oxide species inside zeolite pores, which precedes the interaction of alkane with Brønsted acid sites.  相似文献   

12.
Grand canonical Monte Carlo and configurational-bias Monte Carlo techniques were employed to simulate the adsorption of binary mixtures of C(4)-C(7) alkane isomers in ISV and MOR zeolites at 300 K, and the results were compared to that in MFI. Unlike in MFI, the amount of adsorption of the linear and branched alkanes all increases with pressure increasing in ISV and MOR for 0.5-0.5 gas-phase mixtures. The location of alkane isomers is astatic, and it does not exhibit obvious orientation in ISV and MOR. The interaction energy of 2-methylpropane-zeolite is obviously higher than that of n-butane-zeolite in MFI. As to ISV and MOR, the interaction energy between 2-methylpropane and zeolite is a little lower than that between n-butane and zeolite. It can be found that the zeolite MFI behaves quite differently in adsorption from ISV and MOR.  相似文献   

13.
Perhydroindan(bicyclo[4.3.0]nonane) was converted in a flow-type apparatus under a hydrogen pressure of 5 MPa on six different catalysts,namely on a bifunctional Pd/Na,H-Beta zeolite,on Ir/Na,H-Y and Pt/Na,H-Y zeolites with a low concentration of Br?nsted acid sites,and on three catalysts containing the three noble metals on the non-acidic support silica.On the bifunctional zeolite Pd/Na,H-Beta,skeletal isomerization of perhydroindan was the primary reaction followed by opening of one naphthenic ring,the formation of open-chain nonanes in low yields of ca.6%,and hydrocracked products C8-.The carbon number distribution of the latter was volcano-shaped with no C1,C2,C7,and C8 indicating a carbocationic hydrocracking of C9 precursors with one naphthenic ring.On Ir/Na,H-Y and Pt/Na,H-Y("high-performance ring-opening catalysts"),ring opening and hydrocracking to C8-occurred by hydrogenolysis on the respective metal.Opening of the five-membered ring was found to be much faster than opening of the six-membered ring,in agreement with literature reports.The maximal selectivities of open-chain nonanes(OCNs) attained on Ir/Na,H-Y and Pt/Na,H-Y were very high,viz.49% and 54%,respectively,and significantly better than those of the open-chain decanes observed previously with decalin as model hydrocarbon.The OCNs formed on Pt/Na,H-Y were much less branched than those formed on Ir/Na,H-Y which was interpreted in terms of the different hydrogenolysis mechanisms on both metals.Valuable ancillary mechanistic information was obtained from the selectivities of perhydroindan hydroconversion on the three noble metals on silica.In contrast to Pd/silica,Ir/silica and Pt/silica gave appreciable selectivities of OCNs as well,yet the maximum values of these selectivities were lower than those obtained on the two high-performance zeolite catalysts.  相似文献   

14.
通过焙烧将分散在多孔氧化硅母体中的硝酸镁转化成高分散的MgO物种, 然后使用四丙基氢氧化铵(TPAOH)作为结构导向剂, 将含MgO 的母体通过水热晶化合成MgO/silicalite-1 分子筛复合物. X 射线衍射(XRD)、能量X射线光谱(EDX)和透射电镜(TEM)的结果表明MgO物种被均匀地分散在silicalite-1 分子筛晶体中. 将酸处理脱除氧化镁前后的样品在100%水蒸汽800℃ 条件下老化, 结果表明MgO 的引入有效地提高了分子筛的水热稳定性. 此外, 酸洗脱除MgO/silicalite-1分子筛中的MgO提高了分子筛结晶度, 同时引入了一定的介孔. N2物理吸附-脱附数据证明了酸洗后分子筛中介孔的存在. 水热稳定性的提高和介孔的引入对于在高温下保持催化剂的孔道结构, 提高催化剂的抗积碳能力, 降低催化剂的失活速率以及延长催化剂的使用寿命起着非常重要的作用.  相似文献   

15.
Cr改性USY分子筛提高裂化催化剂的异构化性能   总被引:3,自引:4,他引:3  
在催化裂化过程中,烷烃分子在酸性催化剂表面进行一系列的反应,其中氢转移反应能导致汽油中的烯烃质量分数降低,而异构化、环化、芳构化反应则改善裂化产品的分布,对提高裂化汽油的辛烷值有明显的效果。为了解决我国裂化汽油中烯烃质量分数过高的问题,目前大多数催化裂化装置都采用了降烯烃裂化催化剂,以氢转移反应活性高的REUSY分子筛作为裂化催化剂的活性组分。但由于REUSY分子筛的异构化活性较低,因此裂化汽油的辛烷值有所下降,需要对裂化汽油进行加氢异构化处理。若直接对裂化催化剂进行改性,提高其异构化反应活性,  相似文献   

16.
A new synthesis method for preparation of thin films and powders consisting of zeolite beta nanocrystals embedded in ordered mesoporous silica matrix is described. The final structures possessing bimodal porosity, i.e., high degree of mesophase order and spatially defined microporous zeolite nanocrystals are obtained via simultaneous solvent evaporation of preformed silica/surfactant/ethanol/nanosized zeolite beta assemblies. The films were characterized with grazing-incident diffraction (GID), nitrogen sorption based on gravimetric measurements with quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) devices, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is shown that the incorporation of beta nanocrystals in the mesoporous silica matrix and the mesophase order itself can be controlled through the variation of the fractional amounts of the zeolite nanoparticles and silica/surfactant solutions. The HR-TEM measurements showed that the nanosized Beta microporous crystals are separated and at the same time connected through an ordered mesostructured matrix.  相似文献   

17.
改善SBA-15介孔材料水热稳定性的简单溶剂热后处理方法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
提出了一种有效改善SBA-15介孔材料水热稳定性的简单溶剂热后处理方法. SBA-15材料经环己烷、甲苯和正丁醇等有机溶剂在157和190 oC密闭容器中分别处理6–24 h后,可呈现很好的水热稳定性.它们在800 oC经100%水蒸气处理12 h,依然能保持很好的有序介孔结构,比表面积可高达192–281 m2/g.其中,经环己烷190 oC溶剂热处理24 h的样品表现出最优的水热稳定性.溶剂热处理能显著提升材料孔壁中类似Si(OSi)2(OH)2和Si(OSi)3OH结构的Si–OH基间脱水,形成稳定的Si(OSi)4结构,从而有效减少了SBA-15材料孔壁的缺陷.由此,介孔材料的水热稳定性得到明显改善.溶剂热处理对SBA-15材料水热稳定性的这种提升作用与所用溶剂性质、处理温度以及SBA-15前驱体的类型密切相关.其中,以低沸点的非极性溶剂处理焙烧后的SBA-15材料表现出最好的稳定化效果.该方法具有简单、低能耗的特点,其在制备高水热稳定的有序硅基介孔材料上有很好的潜在应用价值.  相似文献   

18.
5,6‐Dihydroxyindole ( 1 ) and its N‐methyl derivative ( 2 ), key eumelanin building blocks, were inserted into zeolite L by sublimation at 175 °C for 5 days. At a 10 mg/300 mg indole/zeolite ratio, the resulting hybrids displayed a stable deep red coloration. CP/MAS 13C NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy of the red species suggested the generation and accommodation of quinonoid biindole derivative(s) within the void space of the acidic zeolite channels. Removal of the zeolite matrix by treatment with HF gave a stable species that could be separated by HPLC and characterized by mass spectrometry as an oxygenated biindole derivative (or a mixture of isomers), suggesting addition of water to the original dimer and subsequent re‐oxidation. The characterization was corroborated by optimized molecular geometries and simulated UV spectra with density functional calculations. Loading 1 or 2 into the larger pores of SBA‐15 type mesoporous silica resulted in black eumelanin‐type polymers, confirming channel size dependence over the polymerization process.  相似文献   

19.
Modification of non-acidic KL zeolite by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of Si(OEt)4 and (CH3)3Si–O–Si(CH3)3 followed by Pt loading was used to study the influence of zeolite support on the aromatization of n-hexane. Deposited on the framework oxygen ions of the non-acidic zeolite, the silica layer effectively narrowed the pores of KL zeolite. But owing to the appearance of new basic sites, such as potassium oxide (K2O), the interaction between Pt metal and zeolite support was strengthened, causing Pt particles to be more electron-excess. n-Hexane pulse-flow microreactions were carried out to study the effects on the aromatization reactivity and sulfur poisoning properties.  相似文献   

20.
《印度化学会志》2021,98(12):100246
Kaolin clay obtained from Kachchh, Gujarat was used as alumina and silica source to synthesize zeolite Y by hydrothermal method. The synthesis route comprised of the following steps: sulfuric acid treatment at 110 ​°C (4 ​h) for impurity removal followed by calcination at 600 ​°C for 4 ​h, thermal activation of kaolin into metakaolin by NaOH fusion at 850 ​°C (8 ​h); aging of reaction mixtures at 50 ​°C (24 ​h); crystallization (24 ​h) followed by washing and drying. The synthesized zeolite Y was examined by multiple characterization techniques which revealed a pore volume of 0.22 ​cm3/g with pore size of 2.89 ​nm having essential surface area of 320 ​m2/g, indicating a porous material having majority of micropores and remaining mesopores. The zeolite exhibited good catalytic activity for succinic acid esterification using ethanol to produce monoethyl and diethyl succinate. The conversion of SA (72%) and yield (60%) of valuable diester indicated good conversion rate and selectivity at moderate reaction conditions. Detailed structural comparison with zeolite Y synthesized using standard chemical route is also carried out. This work demonstrated an effective way of preparing environmentally benign porous zeolite Y having high surface area and pore volume that can be useful for catalytic applications.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号