水热法制备ZnS:Cu,Al纳米X射线发光粉及其光谱特性

采用水热法低温(200℃)处理12h直接制备ZnS∶Cu,Al纳米晶,并探讨其光致(PL)和X射线激发(XEL)光谱特性及后续退火处理的影响.XRD和TEM分析表明,水热法直接制备的ZnS∶Cu,Al粒径约为15nm,尺寸分布窄,分散性好,具有纯立方相的球形结构.其PL和XEL光谱均为宽带谱,n(Cu)/n(Zn)=3×10-4和n(Cu)/n(Al)=0.5时PL和XEL光谱强度最大,XEL峰值在470nm处.在此条件下,水热处理3h直接合成的纳米晶在氩气保护下于800℃退火1h后样品的XEL发光进一步增强.XEL光谱强度约是退火前样品的8倍,此时峰值波长在520nm,团聚形成径为200～500nm的类球形六方相结构.发光强度增强,但粒径很小,对提高成像系统分辨率非常有意义.通过比较样品的XEL和PL光谱,讨论了XEL和PL光谱的发光机理和激发机制及退火对其特性的影响.     

水热法制备ZnS∶Cu,Al纳米X射线发光粉及其光谱特性

采用水热法低温(200 ℃)处理12 h直接制备ZnS∶Cu, Al纳米晶, 并探讨其光致(PL)和X射线激发(XEL)光谱特性及后续退火处理的影响. XRD和TEM分析表明, 水热法直接制备的ZnS∶Cu, Al粒径约为15 nm, 尺寸分布窄, 分散性好, 具有纯立方相的球形结构. 其PL和XEL光谱均为宽带谱, n(Cu)/n(Zn)=3×10^-4和n(Cu)/n(Al)= 0.5时PL和XEL光谱强度最大, XEL峰值在470 nm处. 在此条件下, 水热处理3 h直接合成的纳米晶在氩气保护下于800 ℃退火1 h后样品的XEL发光进一步增强. XEL光谱强度约是退火前样品的8倍, 此时峰值波长在520 nm, 团聚形成径为200～500 nm的类球形六方相结构. 发光强度增强, 但粒径很小, 对提高成像系统分辨率非常有意义. 通过比较样品的XEL和PL光谱, 讨论了XEL和PL光谱的发光机理和激发机制及退火对其特性的影响.     

Li+,Eu3+共掺杂La2MoO6红色荧光粉的Pechini法合成及近紫外/蓝光激发下的发光特征

采用Pechini法合成了白光LED用红色荧光粉La_1.9-xMoO₆:0.10Eu³⁺,xLi⁺(x=0,0.10,0.20,0.25),并对样品分别进行了X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子能谱(EDX)以及荧光光谱(PL)等技术手段分析。 PL光谱显示该荧光粉可被近紫外光(395 nm)和蓝光(466 nm)有效激发,产生616和623 nm强的红光发射,归属于Eu³⁺的⁵D₀→⁷F₂电偶极跃迁。该荧光粉与近紫外LED芯片(370~410 nm)和蓝光LED芯片(450~470 nm)均匹配良好,具有潜在的商业应用价值。 共掺Li⁺离子作为敏化剂能显著提高荧光粉的发光强度,且最优掺杂量为x=0.20。     

含两个酰胺基团的卟啉二聚体分子间氢键引起的发光光谱红移

通过5-(4-甲酸基苯基)-10,15,20-三(4-十二烷氧基苯基)卟啉(HAc TPP)与乙二胺,丙二胺和丁二胺反应,制备了一类含2个酰胺基团的卟啉二聚体C2(Am TPP)2、C3(Am TPP)2和C4(Am TPP)2以及相应的配合物Pt2C2(Am TPP)2、Pt2C3(Am TPP)2和Pt2C4(Am TPP)2。采用1H NMR、13C NMR、质谱、元素分析、循环伏安、紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱等对二聚体的化学结构、热稳定性、电化学和光物理性质进行了表征。实验发现,二聚体和相应的铂配合物的光致发光(PL)光谱性质与溶液的浓度有关,在10-7mol·L-1THF稀溶液中,二聚体与单羧基卟啉的PL光谱基本一致。当浓度增加到10-3 mol·L-1 THF溶液时,二聚体的光致发光光谱最大值从657 nm红移到675 nm,比单羧基卟啉红移了18 nm。当与金属铂配位后,这种发射光谱随浓度增加而变化的特性更加明显。二聚体配合物在10-7 mol·L-1 THF稀溶液中PL光谱就产生了红移现象,最大发射峰λmax为673 nm,比单羧基卟啉红移16 nm。在高浓度10-4 mol·L-1 THF溶液和升华薄膜中的PL最大发射峰进一步红移到727 nm的近红外区。进一步,为了证实二聚体配合物分子间的π-π和Pt-Pt相互作用,我们以配合物Pt2C3(Am TPP)2为例,对二聚体配合物固体在常温和低温77K的PL光谱进行了测试,发现固体配合物表现出与温度相关的PL性质。当温度降到77 K时,配合物的最大发射峰从658 nm红移到674 nm,红移了16 nm。实验表明,卟啉二聚体和相应的配合物的红移现象与二聚体的分子结构直接相关,卟啉二聚体中的两个酰胺基团能够产生较强的分子间氢键,导致二聚体分子之间产生一定程度的π-π和Pt-Pt相互作用,使得二聚体PL光谱产生红移。     

水热合成CdS纳米晶体的形貌控制研究

研究了水热合成CdS纳米晶体形貌的化学控制，选择不同的络合试剂为模板,研究其对水热合成CdS纳米晶体形貌的影响.实验发现若以络合试剂乙二胺、甲胺为模板时，产品CdS晶体的形貌分别为（20～30） nm×（200～600） nm和（40～50） nm×（200～600） nm尺寸的纳米棒;而以络合试剂吡啶、 氨为模板时，产品CdS晶体的形貌分别为平均尺寸约30 nm和20 nm的纳米颗粒.用XRD、TEM、XPS、PL和Raman光谱等技术对所得CdS纳米棒进行了表征.同时对水热合成CdS纳米晶体形貌的模板控制机制进行了探讨，提出了一种水热合成CdS纳米棒的络合物结构诱导生长机理.     

Ca_(1-x)Zn_xTiO_3∶Pr~(3 ),R~ (R~ =Li~ ,Na~ ,K~ ,Rb~ ,Cs~ ,Ag~ )的合成和发光性质

采用X射线衍射、荧光光谱和热释发光研究了Ca1 -xZnxTiO3∶Pr3 ,R 的物相组成和发光性质。Pr3 取代Ca2 形成PrCa·正电性缺陷发光中心。激发光谱是峰值位于 3 3 0nm附近的宽带谱 ,发射光谱是峰值在 613nm半宽度为 2 0nm的带谱 ,对应Pr3 的1 D2 -3H4 跃迁发射。发光强度和余辉随基质组分Zn/Ca摩尔比和合成温度而变化。Zn2 的最佳含量在 10 %～ 2 0 %。X射线衍射研究表明掺入适量的Zn2 物相组成为CaTiO3,Ca2 Zn4 Ti1 5O36 和Zn2 TiO4 。热释发光曲线表明掺入Zn2 离子后体系中形成了新的缺陷ZnTi″ ,且ZnTi″的缺陷陷阱深度大于RCa′。     

Ca1—xZnxTiO3：Pr^3＋,R^＋（R^＋=Li^＋,Na^＋,K^＋,Rb^＋,Cs^＋,Ag^＋）的合成和发光性质

采用X射线衍射、荧光光谱和热释发光研究了Ca1-xZnxTiO 3∶Pr3+, R+的物相组成和发光性质. Pr3+取代Ca2+形成PrCa ·正电性缺陷发光中心. 激发光谱是峰值位于330 nm附近的宽带谱, 发射光谱是峰值在613 nm半宽度为20 nm的带谱, 对应Pr3+的1D2-3H4跃迁发射. 发光强度和余辉随基质组分Zn/Ca摩尔比和合成温度而变化. Zn2+的最佳含量在10%～20%. X射线衍射研究表明掺入适量的Zn2+物相组成为CaTiO3, Ca2 Zn4Ti15O36和Zn2TiO4. 热释发光曲线表明掺入Zn2+离子后体系中形成了新的缺陷ZnTi″, 且ZnTi″的缺陷陷阱深度大于RCa′.     

基于联吡啶的π-共轭有机电致发光分子的合成和光学性质研究

利用Wittig-Horner方法合成了一系列新的基于联吡啶的π-共轭分子, 并用¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR、红外光谱、元素分析和MS进行了表征. 通过热重分析(TGA)测定结果表明所合成的化合物具有良好的热学稳定性; 化合物的光致发光(PL)最大发射峰在439～441 nm之间, 对应于蓝光区域.     

溶剂热合成单分散硫化镉纳米晶

在双表面活性剂十八胺和油酸存在条件下, 以氯化镉和硫粉作为反应前驱物, 通过简单的溶剂热方法合成单分散性闪锌矿硫化镉纳米晶, 粒径大小在13 nm. 用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对产物的结构和形貌进行了表征, 同时对硫化镉纳米晶的紫外吸收谱和光致发光谱(PL)性能进行了表征. 实验结果表明合成的样品具有很好的发光性能, 此外溶剂热反应的温度对纳米晶的单分散性有重要影响. 并对硫化镉纳米晶的形成机理做了初步的研究.     

含2-(2'',4''-二氟苯基)-5-硝基吡啶的铱(Ⅲ)配合物的合成、晶体结构与发光性质

以2-氯-5-硝基吡啶和2,4-二氟苯基硼酸为原料通过铃木偶联反应,合成出2-(2′,4′-二氟苯基)-5-硝基吡啶(HdFNppy)并对其进行了表征。以此化合物为主配体,合成了含二齿及单齿辅配体的铱(Ⅲ)配合物[Ir(dFNppy)2(pic)](1,pic=吡啶甲酸根)和[Ir(dFNppy)2(PPh3)Cl](2,PPh3=三苯基膦)。通过X射线单晶衍射确定了1和2的结构,1的晶体属于单斜晶系,空间群为I2/a;2的晶体属于三斜晶系,P1空间群。液体光致发光谱(PL)表明,1和2在CH2Cl2中的最大发射波长为634和616nm,显红光和橙红光;固体PL谱显示1和2的最大发射波长为638和594nm。通过循环伏安法估算得到的1和2的HOMO-LUMO能级差与紫外-可见光谱推算出的结果相似。1和2还具有较好的热稳定性。     

Synthesis,Characterization and Optical Properties of BaMoO<Subscript>4</Subscript> Synthesized by Microwave Induced Plasma Method

BaMoO₄ crystals were synthesized by a 900 W microwave induced plasma process (MIP) for 40, 60, 120 and 140 min. Phase, morphology, vibrational mode and energy gap were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy. In this research, the phase and morphology of product were influenced by microwave heating time. The sample processed for 140 min shows spherical particles tetragonal BaMoO₄ phase with size of 200–700 nm in diameter. BaMoO₄ with band gap of 3.35 eV shows a blue emission wavelength at 440 nm.     

Preparation of Cd-doped SnO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanoparticles by sol–gel route and their optical properties

Nanocrystalline cadmium doped tin oxide (SnO₂) powders of about 2.5–4.5 nm in size have been synthesized by using different solvents via sol–gel method. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM), UV-Vis absorption and Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The PL emission spectra revealed that the band centered at 452 nm might be related with oxygen vacancies. A spherical, small rod and slice like morphologies of the prepared Cd-SnO₂ nanoparticles were observed in the SEM and TEM studies. The presence of Cd modifies the structural, morphological and optical properties of the tin oxide nanoparticles.     

Rapid Synthesis of Mesoporous TiO2 for the Photoanodes in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

Mesoporous TiO₂ microspheres with high specific surface areas were synthesized by means of a facile one‐step microwave hydrothermal process without using any template. The mesoporous materials were rapidly achieved using TiCl₄, urea and ammonium sulphate at comparatively low microwave power (400 W) for 8 min irradiation. The morphology and microstructure of the as‐prepared products were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface area analysis. Structural characterization indicates that the TiO₂ microspheres display mesoporous structure. The average pore sizes and BET surface areas of the spheres were 5.3 nm and 222 m²g^?1, respectively. The mesoporous nanocrystals synthesized at 160 °C for 8 min were then used to prepare the photoanode for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). A high power conversion efficiency of 5.72% was achieved from the mesoporous TiO₂ based photoanode, representing about 25.7% improvement over the efficiency of P25 photoanode.     

Characterization and luminescence properties of Gd2O3 phosphor

Gd₂O₃ phosphor was synthesized by combustion synthesis using gadolinium nitrate hexahydrate as precursor and urea as fuel. Structural and surface morphology were studied by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Chemical composition analysis of the phosphor was performed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and tts optical properties were characterized by use of photoluminescence (PL) and thermoluminescence (TL) techniques. In PL spectra, feeble emission at 490 nm (blue) and intense emission at approximately 545 nm (green) are observed after excitation at 300 nm. TL measurement was performed on the Gd₂O₃ phosphor by irradiating it with γ-rays (1 kGy). A well resolved glow peak at 226.4 °C was observed. Kinetic data were estimated from the TL glow curve by use of Chen’s peak-shape method; the results are discussed in detail. The average particle size of the Gd₂O₃ phosphor was 41 nm; a monoclinic phase was formed at a firing temperature of 500 °C. This was in agreement with SEM and TEM results.     

Solvothermal synthesis of well-dispersed NaMgF3 nanocrystals and their optical properties

Complex metal fluoride NaMgF(3) nanocrystals were successfully synthesized via a solvothermal method at a relatively low temperature with the presence of oleic acid, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, photoluminescence (PL) excitation and emission spectra, respectively. In the synthetic process, oleic acid as a surfactant played a crucial role in confining the growth and solubility of the NaMgF(3) nanocrystals. The as-prepared NaMgF(3) nanocrystals have quasi-spherical shape with a narrow distribution. A possible formation mechanism of the nanocrystals was proposed based on the effect of oleic acid. The as-prepared NaMgF(3) nanocrystals are highly crystalline and well-dispersed in cyclohexane to form stable and clear colloidal solutions, which demonstrate a strong emission band centered at 400 nm in photoluminescence (PL) spectra compared with the cyclohexane solvent. The PL properties of the colloidal solutions of the as-prepared nanocrystals can be ascribed to the trap states of surface defects.     

Sonochemical synthesis and luminescence properties of single-crystalline BaF2:Eu nanospheres

BaF₂ nanocrystals doped with 5.0 mol% Eu³⁺ has been successfully synthesized via a facile, quick and efficient ultrasonic solution route employing the reactions between Ba(NO₃)₂, Eu(NO₃)₃ and KBF₄ under ambient conditions. The product was characterized via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron micrographs (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron micrographs (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The ultrasonic irradiation has a strong effect on the morphology of the BaF₂:Eu³⁺ particles. The caddice-sphere-like particles with an average diameter of 250 nm could be obtained with ultrasonic irradiation, whereas only olive-like particles were produced without ultrasonic irradiation. The results of XRD indicate that the obtained BaF₂:Eu³⁺ nanospheres crystallized well with a cubic structure. The PL spectrum shows that the BaF₂:Eu³⁺ nanospheres has the characteristic emission of Eu^{3+ 5}D₀-⁷F_J (J=1-4) transitions, with the magnetic dipole ⁵D₀-⁷F₁ allowed transition (590 nm) being the most prominent emission line.     

N2流量对GaN的形貌及光学和电学性能的影响

采用化学气相沉积法(CVD)在Si(100)衬底上以Ni为催化剂,金属Ga和NH3为原料合成了GaN微纳米结构,并研究了N2流量对产物GaN的形貌及光学和电学性能的影响。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、Xray能谱仪(EDS)、光致发光谱(PL)和霍尔效应测试仪(HMS-3000)等测试手段对样品的形貌、结构、成分、光学和电学性能进行了分析。结果表明,随着N2流量的增加,产物GaN的形貌发生了由微米棒到蠕虫状线再到光滑纳米线的转变;生成的GaN均为六方纤锌矿结构;样品均表现出383 nm的近带边紫外发射峰和470 nm左右的蓝光发射峰;所有样品均为p型;并对产物GaN的形貌转变机理进行了分析。     

微波固相合成氧化锌纳米棒

通过前驱体的微波固相热分解法快速合成了氧化锌纳米棒, 其直径在60～385 nm之间, 长可达数微米. 前驱体则通过一步室温固相反应制备. 用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量色散X射线分析(EDX)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对产物的结构和形貌进行了表征. 同时, 对氧化锌纳米棒的光致发光(PL)性能作了测试, 结果表明在355 nm处有一个明显的近带隙发射峰. 另外, 对比实验表明, 微波辐射在氧化锌纳米棒的形成过程中起了关键性作用, 并对其形成机理进行了初步探讨.     

N2流量对GaN的形貌及光学和电学性能的影响

采用化学气相沉积法(CVD)在Si(100)衬底上以Ni为催化剂, 金属Ga和NH₃为原料合成了GaN微纳米结构, 并研究了N₂流量对产物GaN的形貌及光学和电学性能的影响。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X-ray能谱仪(EDS)、光致发光谱(PL)和霍尔效应测试仪(HMS-3000)等测试手段对样品的形貌、结构、成分、光学和电学性能进行了分析。结果表明, 随着N₂流量的增加, 产物GaN的形貌发生了由微米棒到蠕虫状线再到光滑纳米线的转变;生成的GaN均为六方纤锌矿结构;样品均表现出383 nm的近带边紫外发射峰和470 nm左右的蓝光发射峰;所有样品均为n型;并对产物GaN的形貌转变机理进行了分析。     

Size-controlled chalcopyrite CuInS2 nanocrystals: One-pot synthesis and optical characterization

Chalcopyrite ternary CuInS2 semiconductor nanocrystals have been synthesized via a facile one-pot chemical approach by using oleylamine and oleic acid as solvents.The as-prepared CuInS2 nanocrystals have been characterized by instrumental analyses such as X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)/high-resolution TEM(HRTEM),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),UV-vis absorption spectroscopy(UV-vis) and photoluminescence(PL) spectroscopy.The particle sizes of the CuInS2 nanocrystals could be tuned from 2 to 10 nm by simply varying reaction conditions.Oleylamine,which acted as both a reductant and an effective capping agent,plays an important role in the size-controlled synthesis of CuInS2 nanocrystals.Based on a series of comparative experiments under different reaction conditions,the probable formation mechanism of CuInS2 nanocrystals has been proposed.Furthermore,the UV-vis absorption and PL emission spectra of the chalcopyrite CuInS2 nanocrystals have been found to be adjustable in the range of 527-815 nm and 625-800 nm,respectively,indicating their potential application in photovoltaic devices.