盐酸考尼伐坦关键中间体N-甲苯磺酰基苯并氮杂卓-5-酮合成工艺的改进

以对甲苯磺酰氯和邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯为原料,通过酰胺化、酰亚胺和卤代烃的缩合、克曼环化及水解脱羧等反应,合成盐酸考尼伐坦关键中间体N-甲苯磺酰基苯并氮杂卓-5-酮。 在合成过程中,分别减少了有毒溶剂吡啶的用量,用叔丁醇钾代替怕水易爆的氢化钠,用容易购买回收的2-甲基四氢呋喃代替丁酮为溶剂,目标化合物的总收率由55%提高至63%,纯度达到99%以上。 所得化合物经熔点、核磁共振氢谱等得到确认。 该工艺显著地提高了中间体的产量及质量,因而提高了盐酸考尼伐坦的产率。     

盐酸考尼伐坦关键中间体N-甲苯磺酰基苯并氮杂卓-5-酮合成工艺的改进

以对甲苯磺酰氯和邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯为原料,通过酰胺化、酰亚胺和卤代烃的缩合、克曼环化及水解脱羧等反应,合成盐酸考尼伐坦关键中间体N-甲苯磺酰基苯并氮杂卓-5-酮。在合成过程中,分别减少了有毒溶剂吡啶的用量,用叔丁醇钾代替怕水易爆的氢化钠,用容易购买回收的2-甲基四氢呋喃代替丁酮为溶剂,目标化合物的总收率由55%提高至63%,纯度达到99%以上。所得化合物经熔点、核磁共振氢谱等得到确认。该工艺显著地提高了中间体的产量及质量,因而提高了盐酸考尼伐坦的产率。     

2,3,4,5-四氢-1,5-甲桥-1H-3-苯并氮杂的合成

以1,4-二氢-1,4-甲桥萘为起始原料,经臭氧化、还原性胺化及还原反应合成了新型戒烟药伐仑克林的重要中间体2,3,4,5-四氢-1,5-甲桥-1H-3-苯并氮杂,其结构经1HNMR和MS确证。     

2,3,4,5-四氢-1,5-甲桥-1H-3-苯并氮杂(艹卓)的合成

以1,4-二氢-1,4-甲桥萘为起始原料,经臭氧化、还原性胺化及还原反应合成了新型戒烟药伐仑克林的重要中间体2,3,4,5-四氢-1,5-甲桥-1H-3-苯并氮杂(艹卓),其结构经1H NMR和MS确证.     

盐酸普拉克索关键中间体的合成

以1,4-二氧杂螺[4.5]癸-8-酮(2)为起始原料,经三甲基硅烯醚化、碘代反应、酸化后所得的产物,与硫脲发生环合、水解后制得2-氨基-6-氧代-4,5,6,7-氢苯并[1,2-d]噻唑(5,经氨化还原反应合成了2,6-二氨基-4,5,6,7-四氢苯并[1,2-d]噻唑(6)。5和6两种关键中间体的总收率分别为86%和71%,其结构经MS、¹H NMR和¹³C NMR确证,探索了合成盐酸普拉克索的两种关键中间体方法和工艺的影响因素。     

苯嘧磺草胺的新合成方法

设计并完成苯嘧磺草胺及其关键中间体的合成工艺路线,使其具备工业化生产潜力。采用氯磺酰异氰酸酯、叔丁醇、N-甲基-N-异丙基胺等作为起始原料,制备了关键中间体N-甲基-N-异丙基氨基磺酰胺,3步反应总收率~75%;采用2-氯-4-氟苯甲酸为原料,经过硝化、酰氯化、缩合、催化氢化还原、氨酯交换、甲基化反应制备了苯嘧磺草胺。共计8步反应制备得到苯嘧磺草胺,总收率为48.6%,纯度98.6%,产物与中间体经NMR、MS等进行了表征。     

特拉匹韦关键中间体{(1S,3AR,6AS)-八氢环戊并[c]吡咯-1-羧酸}的合成

设计了一条合成特拉匹韦重要中间体(1S,3AR,6AS)-八氢环戊并[c]吡咯-1-羧酸(8)的新路线。以4-甲基-5-咪唑基乙醇为原料,经N-烃化、串联加成环化、羰基还原、氨基保护和酯水解等8步反应合成8,总收率24.7%,其结构经1H NMR和MS确证。     

苯嘧磺草胺的新合成方法

设计并完成苯嘧磺草胺及其关键中间体的合成工艺路线,使其具备工业化生产潜力。采用氯磺酰异氰酸酯、叔丁醇、N-异丙基甲胺等作为起始原料,制备了关键中间体N-甲基-N-异丙基氨基磺酰胺,3步反应总收率约75%。再以2-氯-4-氟苯甲酸为原料,经过硝化、酰氯化、缩合、催化氢化还原、氨酯交换、甲基化反应制备了苯嘧磺草胺。8步反应的总收率为48. 6%,纯度98. 6%,产物与中间体经NMR、MS等确证。     

5,7-二甲氧基-4-甲基苯酞和5,7-二羟基-4-甲基苯酞的新合成方法

以3,5-二甲氧基苯甲醇为起始原料, 经过五步反应, 合成了5,7-二甲氧基-4-甲基苯酞和5,7-二羟基-4-甲基苯酞这两个用于合成霉酚酸的重要中间体, 产率分别达到80%和72%. 6-氯甲基-2,4-二甲氧基苯甲醛经过亚氯酸钠氧化成酸的同时发生内酯化反应生成5,7-二甲氧基苯酞是最关键的一步.     

利伐沙班合成工艺研究

改进利伐沙班关键中间体4-(4-氨基苯基)-3-吗琳酮和(S)-N-环氧丙基邻苯二甲酰亚胺的合成并用于合成利伐沙班的方法,所得目标产物经质谱、核磁共振氢谱确证,总收率达到16.4%。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。