微柱高效液相色谱和质谱法测定烟草样品中的多酚

植物多酚是烟草中一类重要物质,它们在烟草中的含量对烟草质量有重要影响,因而研究烟草及其制品中的植物多酚具有重要意义。高效液相色谱法是测定其常用的一种方法。和常规高效液相色谱相比,微柱高效液相色谱由于具有流动相消耗小,分析时间短,可不分流直接和质谱连用等特点,近几年来得到了迅速发展。我们研究了用WatersXterraTMRP18(1.0×50mm,2.5μm)微柱为固定相液相色谱法测定烟草中的多酚,烟草中的主要多酚在4.0min内可达到基线分离,和常规液相色谱相比大大节约了分析时间。并用大气压电离质谱和二次质谱技术对未购到标样的绿原酸异构体作了辅助定性,方法用于烟草样品中多酚的分析,回收率在97％-103％之间,RSD在1.4％～1.9％之间,结果令人满意。     

羟基磷灰石／胶原／植物多酚复合材料的研究

以原花色素、茶多酚等植物多酚为交联剂,采用低温原位合成法制备羟基磷灰石/胶原/植物多酚(HA/COL/PP)复合材料。对材料的形貌、热稳定性、溶胀性质进行了表征。结果表明,植物多酚的加入使复合材料中各成分结合更紧密,增加了复合材料的热稳定性,降低了复合材料的溶胀度。比较研究表明,添加原花色素对上述性能的改善更有效。为了考察加入植物多酚后复合材料的生物活性,分别对羟基磷灰石/胶原/原花色素(HA/COL/PA)、羟基磷灰石/胶原/茶多酚(HA/COL/TP)复合材料进行了体外矿化能力研究,观察到两种材料的表面都形成了新的矿化沉积层,说明加入了植物多酚不影响复合材料的体外矿化能力。因而,羟基磷灰石/胶原/植物多酚复合材料是一种有潜力的骨替代材料。     

福林法测定骆驼蓬不同部位中多酚含量

植物多酚是一类具有良好的抗氧化性,可抑制动脉硬化、降低血压、抗癌、抗衰老和提高免疫力等功效的物质,目前关于植物多酚的测定方法有气相色谱法、液相色谱法、高锰酸钾法、分光光度法和原子吸收光谱法等。骆驼蓬是蒺藜科骆驼蓬属多年生草本植物,多生于路旁、戈壁滩等干旱处,是新疆有毒植物之一,也是维吾尔药用植物之一;其含     

植物多酚在高分子材料中的应用

植物多酚类物质又叫单宁,是一类多羟基酚类化合物,具有良好的生物相容性和可降解性;由于多元酚的结构赋予了一系列独特的性质.植物多酚不但可以与醛类物质发生缩聚反应,还可以通过氢键、疏水键或者共价键与众多高分子化合物接枝、共聚或共混制备出新型的功能高分子材料.基于文献,对植物多酚在高分子材料,比如:聚氨酯、酚醛树脂、聚酯和一些天然高分子中的应用,如:增加高分子材料的抗菌、可降解以及抗氧化性等性能进行了综述.     

傅里时变换核磁共振新进展——二维核磁共振

一、前言核磁共振(NMR)法,在化学中应用已有30多年了。近十年来,随着超导磁体和脉冲傅里叶变换法的普及,NMR新方法和测定技术及数据处理方法不断涌现,化学工作者经常面     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定烟草样品中10种多酚

研究了用固相萃取预分离,高效液相色谱法测定烟草样品中的10种植物多酚。烟草样品中的多酚提取液用SepParkC18固相萃取小柱预分离脱脂,以WatersNovaPakC18(3.9mm×150mm,5μm)色谱柱为固定相,0.05mol/L磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液和甲醇梯度洗脱为流动相,烟草中主要的植物多酚均达到基线分离;用紫外二级管矩阵检测器检测,得出各组分在其最大吸收波长下的色谱图,根据该色谱图的峰面积定量,并用紫外光谱图对烟草中主要多酚进行辅助定性。标准回收率为94%~105%;RSD为1.3%~1.5%。用该方法测定了烟草样品中的10种植物多酚,结果令人满意。     

金纳米棒荧光探针应用于多酚化合物检测新方法

以金纳米棒为荧光探针,在20％甲醇(pH 5.0～6.0)介质中,以植物多酚化合物芒果苷、瑞香素和白藜芦醇为检测对象,建立了3种植物多酚的灵敏、简便、快速检测新方法.多酚化合物基于其与金纳米棒表面的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)分子间的疏水作用而在金纳米棒表面富集,同时使金纳米棒在719 nm处的荧光强度减弱,在一定范围内多酚化合物的浓度与金纳米棒荧光强度成正比,其检出限分别为5.0×10-8、8.0×10-8、2.0×10 -7mol/L.     

中国植物化学的回顾与展望

回顾了建国５０年来特别是近２０年我国植物化学领域的主要成就。按萜类、甾体、生物碱酰胺、氨基酸、均五月太和酚性化合物类型择要介绍，重点介绍了青蒿素、石杉碱甲、丹酚酸、黄皮酰胺、五味子素等４０余种有代表性的植物成分，并对我国今后植物化学的发展提出了建议。     

化学敏感半导体器件

近几年来,由于电化学家和固体物理学家的结合,电化学与半导体技术和理论的相互渗透,提出了一类能够敏感离子或分子的半导体器件,称为化学敏感半导体器件。这类器件的出现不仅影响着电分析化学、医学和生物学等学科,而且对固体物理学的研究也具有重要意义。随着近十多年来离子选择性电极(或称化学敏感选择性电极)技术的发展,Bergveld首先提出了一个化学敏感半导体器件,他称之为离子敏感场效应管(Ion Sensistive Field Effect Transistor,简称ISFET)。Bergveld用普通的金属-氧化物-半导体场效应管(MOSFET),     

环境友好型Michael加成的研究进展

Michael加成反应是有机合成领域一类非常重要的反应.随着人们环保意识的增强和对绿色化学研究的深入,环境友好型Michael加成取得了诸多成功.综述了近5年来离子液体、酶催化、负载固相催化、聚乙二醇(PEG)等参与的Michael加成反应的研究进展.着重分析了反应体系的高效性、催化剂可能的催化反应机理以及催化剂的循环使用性,并以此对环境友好型Michael加成的发展做出了展望.     

Anthocyanin characterization of pilot plant water extracts of Delonix regia flowers

Following the development of new applications of pilot plant scale extraction and formulation processes for natural active bioproducts obtained from various underutilized tropical plants and herbs, we have manufactured water-extracts from Delonix regia flowers, grown in Ivory Coast. These extracts, which contain polyphenols, are traditionally home made and used as healthy bioproducts. They are reddish-coloured due to the presence of anthocyanins. The three major anthocyanins in these extracts have been characterized. The molecular structures were confirmed by LC-SM analysis. Amongst them, two are described for the first time in Delonix regia.     

二苯乙烯类低聚物的仿生合成

天然二苯乙烯低聚物是一类自然界分布广泛的多酚化合物,因其结构复杂且生物活性多样而受到密切关注,但此类化合物天然资源的稀少极大限制了其构效关系的调查及活性药物的筛选。近年来许多化学家对此类低聚物的仿生合成方法做了广泛而深入的研究,已形成一个新的研究热点。本文详尽综述了迄今三十多年来二苯乙烯类低聚物的仿生合成研究进展,包括在不同介质中的酶催化或金属氧化剂催化的氧化偶联方法、光催化的异构化及强酸催化下的环合反应,由不同的二苯乙烯前体通过仿生合成途径,构建出结构多样的二苯乙烯低聚物。此外,本文对该类低聚物的仿生合成研究前景做了展望。     

Flavonoids: A Myth or a Reality for Cancer Therapy?

Nutraceuticals are biologically active molecules present in foods; they can have beneficial effects on health, but they are not available in large enough quantities to perform this function. Plant metabolites, such as polyphenols, are widely diffused in the plant kingdom, where they play fundamental roles in plant development and interactions with the environment. Among these, flavonoids are of particular interest as they have significant effects on human health. In vitro and/or in vivo studies described flavonoids as essential nutrients for preventing several diseases. They display broad and promising bioactivities to fight cancer, inflammation, bacterial infections, as well as to reduce the severity of neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases or diabetes. Therefore, it is not surprising that interest in flavonoids has sharply increased in recent years. More than 23,000 scientific publications on flavonoids have described the potential anticancer activity of these natural molecules in the last decade. Studies, in vitro and in vivo, show that flavonoids exhibit anticancer properties, and many epidemiological studies confirm that dietary intake of flavonoids leads to a reduced risk of cancer. This review provides a glimpse of the mechanisms of action of flavonoids on cancer cells.     

Plant phenolics: extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties

Phenolics are broadly distributed in the plant kingdom and are the most abundant secondary metabolites of plants. Plant polyphenols have drawn increasing attention due to their potent antioxidant properties and their marked effects in the prevention of various oxidative stress associated diseases such as cancer. In the last few years, the identification and development of phenolic compounds or extracts from different plants has become a major area of health- and medical-related research. This review provides an updated and comprehensive overview on phenolic extraction, purification, analysis and quantification as well as their antioxidant properties. Furthermore, the anticancer effects of phenolics in-vitro and in-vivo animal models are viewed, including recent human intervention studies. Finally, possible mechanisms of action involving antioxidant and pro-oxidant activity as well as interference with cellular functions are discussed.     

植物生物分子的电分析化学研究——Ⅸ.多酚氧化酶活性的脉冲极谱法测定

本文用微分脉冲极谱法研究了多酚氧化酶的活性测定和酶的反应动力学。应用于马铃薯等10余种植物样品的酶活力测定,结果良好。方法简便快速,重现性好。     

Analysis of Polyphenols in Honey: Extraction,Separation and Quantification Procedures

Polyphenols are secondary plant metabolites playing a major role as potentially functional components. They can also be used for honey authentication. This review gathers the recent literature references about honey extraction procedures, as well as instrumental analysis of phenolic compounds found in honey. Liquid-Liquid extraction is widely used for both extraction and purification purposes, with adequate recovery percentages. However, the use of high solvent volumes is a major disadvantage. More environmentally friendly methods include accelerated solvent extraction, and dispersive and inverse dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. Solid phase extraction is the most common method for honey polyphenols’ isolation. Polyphenol isolation by a combination of liquid-liquid and solid phase extraction allows good recoveries for a variety of different compounds. High-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet or mass spectrometry detectors is by far, the most commonly employed instrumental procedure to separate and quantify polyphenols in honey although capillary electrophoresis has been also successfully used for these purposes. The use of new sorbents, the optimization of current procedures and the development of other simple and rapid analytical techniques are challenges for future analysis of polyphenols found in honey.     

Advanced separation methods of food anthocyanins,isoflavones and flavanols

In recent years, increasing knowledge of the positive health effects of food polyphenols has prompted the need to develop new separation techniques for their extraction, fractionation and analysis. This article provides an updated and exhaustive review of the application of counter-current chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and their hyphenation with mass spectrometry to the study of food polyphenols. Flavonoids constitute the largest class of polyphenols, widely spread in the plant kingdom and common in human diet which has been the most widely studied with respect to their antioxidant and biological activities. The main subgroups are anthocyanins, catechins, isoflavones, flavonols and flavones. They are reported to exhibit antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, anti-thrombotic, and immune modulating functions, among others. Since red fruit anthocyanins, soy isoflavones and flavanols from grapes and teas are currently the most used phenolic compounds for producing new nutraceuticals and functional foods, this review is focused on these three flavonoid groups.     

Natural Product-Based Hybrids as Potential Candidates for the Treatment of Cancer: Focus on Curcumin and Resveratrol

One of the main current strategies for cancer treatment is represented by combination chemotherapy. More recently, this strategy shifted to the “hybrid strategy”, namely the designing of a new molecular entity containing two or more biologically active molecules and having superior features compared with the individual components. Moreover, the term “hybrid” has further extended to innovative drug delivery systems based on biocompatible nanomaterials and able to deliver one or more drugs to specific tissues or cells. At the same time, there is an increased interest in plant-derived polyphenols used as antitumoral drugs. The present review reports the most recent and intriguing research advances in the development of hybrids based on the polyphenols curcumin and resveratrol, which are known to act as multifunctional agents. We focused on two issues that are particularly interesting for the innovative chemical strategy involved in their development. On one hand, the pharmacophoric groups of these compounds have been used for the synthesis of new hybrid molecules. On the other hand, these polyphenols have been introduced into hybrid nanomaterials based on gold nanoparticles, which have many potential applications for both drug delivery and theranostics in chemotherapy.     

Beneficial Effects of Epigallocatechin-3-O-Gallate,Chlorogenic Acid,Resveratrol, and Curcumin on Neurodegenerative Diseases

Many observational and clinical studies have shown that consumption of diets rich in plant polyphenols have beneficial effects on various diseases such as cancer, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Animal and cellular studies have indicated that these polyphenolic compounds contribute to such effects. The representative polyphenols are epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate in tea, chlorogenic acids in coffee, resveratrol in wine, and curcumin in curry. The results of human studies have suggested the beneficial effects of consumption of these foods on NDDs including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, and cellular animal experiments have provided molecular basis to indicate contribution of these representative polyphenols to these effects. This article provides updated information on the effects of these foods and their polyphenols on NDDs with discussions on mechanistic aspects of their actions mainly based on the findings derived from basic experiments.     

Phenolic Profile,Antioxidant Capacity and Antimicrobial Activity of Nettle Leaves Extracts Obtained by Advanced Extraction Techniques

Nettle is a widely known plant whose high biological activity and beneficial medicinal effects are attributed to various bioactive compounds, among which polyphenols play an important role. In order to isolate polyphenols and preserve their properties, advanced extraction techniques have been applied to overcome the drawbacks of conventional ones. Therefore, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) has been optimized for the isolation of nettle leaves polyphenols and it was compared to pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and conventional heat-reflux extraction (CE). The obtained extracts were analyzed for their individual phenolic profile by UPLC MS² and for their antioxidant capacity by ORAC assay. MAE proved to be the more specific technique for the isolation of individual phenolic compounds, while PLE produced extracts with higher amount of total phenols and higher antioxidant capacity. Both techniques were more effective compared to CE. PLE nettle extract showed antimicrobial activity against bacteria, especially against Gram-negative Pseudomonas fragi ATCC 4973 and Campylobacter jejuni NCTC 11168 strains. This suggests that PLE is suitable for obtaining a nettle extract with antioxidant and antimicrobial potential, which as such has great potential for use as a value-added ingredient in the food and pharmaceutical industry.