高考化学复习误区的剖析

针对高考化学卷试题和学生的考试情况,反思高三一年的教学,剖析化学高考复习3大误区:教学内容机械重复;教学手段因袭陈旧;复习缺少人性关怀。     

简答题多角度透析

简答题是近年高考试题中第Ⅱ卷的基本题型,在2006年考试大纲中更是特别强调。但是,无论是平时测试,还是大型考试甚或高考,简答题总是失分重点所在。这与我们重计算,轻表述的教学、训练模式分不开。简答题最大特点是不仅要求学生“知其然”,还要求学生“知其所以然”,侧重于考查     

从1986—1988年化学高考试题结构看高考命题的变化和发展

我们根据1986-1988年高考试题,对比几年来试题结构,综合我县化学教学情况及对学生在高考中失分原因分析的基础上,写出的从高考试题结构看命题的变化和发展。本文共分三部分:1986-1988年高考试题结构对比：学生在高考中失分的原因分析：教学建议。     

论化学高考命题思想——真实性

从学生真实的认知水平、学生所获得的真实学习生活与学科知识在已有研究和应用领域的真实性之间的一致性关系,对真实性这一高考命题思想进行探讨,以促进考试与教学的双向协同发展。     

标准化考试初探

标准化考试在许多发达国家内早已推行,我国也正在试行。据统计,1987年化学高考标准化试题占45％,1988年占60％,估计1989年占的比例会更大些。大学中英语、大学物理这两门课已开始试行标准化考试,而化学尚未见报道。标准化考试题目数量多,涉及面广,有利于全面地、系统地检查学生所学的知识;标准化考试评分严格,能有效地避免考生成绩与他们实际水平的不相对应;标准化考试的题目准确、答案唯一,有利于提高成     

新课程背景下高中化学试题命制原则初探

基于高中化学新课程教学理念和评价促进教学的观点,反思传统试题的不足和评价弊端,结合新课程高考试题样例,提出了新课程背景下高中化学试题命制的6条原则。     

易题错解的心理因素剖析

无论是高考、会考等重要考试,还是平时的测验、练习,都普遍存在着这样一种现象:一些涉及知识浅、思维要求低的试题,常有较多学生(甚至有的是优等生)解错。从表面上看,这种现象似乎全是由于学生的粗心大意而引发产生的,实质上有着深层次的原因。     

化学与物理、生物学科间的知识联系与综合

2000年江苏、浙江、山西、吉林4省率先试行了“3 综合”高考考试模式,这是高考改革的一个创造,改变了过去以学科知识立意命题,强调了学科知识间的普遍联系,增加综合性、实践性、创造性和应用性试题。进行综合考试有助于给学生提供完整的世界映象,防止把各门学科的知识割裂开来,恢复知识的整体性。进行“3 综合”考试是教育改革的必然结果,有利于选拔高素质人才和中学素质教育的开展。中学理科课程中,物理、化学和生物有很广泛的联系,本文将中学化学学科与物理、生物学科间的知识联系点列出来并提供例题供同行们教学时参考。     

2005年化学高考应试训练设计（1995年-2004年化学高考试题分类精编》征订（2004年《化学教育》增刊）

一年一届的高等院校招生考试牵动着无数考生、家长和老师们的心，大家对2005年高考会有什么样的变化?试卷怎样命题?考查的重点和难点是什么?怎样应对高考等等十分关注。     

南非国家高中毕业证书化学考试述评

介绍了南非国家高中毕业证书化学考试的考试方案、考试题型、考试内容规范、评价标准、表现标准等要项,并对2012年和2013年举办的南非国家高中毕业证书化学考试的试题进行了举例分析,旨在为我国化学高考的改革与发展提供一些启示.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Effect of the Method of Modification of Zeolite X on Selectivity of Catalytic Methylation of Toluene

Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry - The effect of the method of modification of catalysts based on zeolite X by cesium and magnesium cations (ion exchange and impregnation) on the selectivity...