基于配位辅助的烯烃催化不对称炔氢化

烯烃的不对称氢官能团化是一个重要的研究方向.从简单的烯烃原料出发,通过该方法可以高效构建手性分子.多取代烯烃的不对称氢官能团化仍然是一个挑战.一方面,烯烃有两个反应位点,反应的区域选择性需要进行有效的控制.另一方面,如果反应生成了多个手性中心,则涉及到非对映选择性的控制.此外,还需要控制反应的对映选择性.因此,此类研究的关键在于如何发展有效的催化体系,以同时实现区域选择性、非对映选择性及对映选择性的高效控制.针对这一问题,我们采用配位辅助策略,利用底物中的配位基团及烯烃与金属中心形成双位点配位模式,从而有效控制烯烃转化的区域选择性及立体选择性.以烯烃不对称炔氢化作为模型转化,以研究多取代烯烃催化不对称转化中的选择性控制.     

手性高价碘试剂诱导的烯烃不对称官能团化反应研究进展

手性高价碘试剂诱导的烯烃官能团化是获得对映体富集的手性分子和具有生物活性天然产物的基本方法,是不对称合成中一个崭新且富有成效的领域之一.纵观20年来该领域的发展,在手性高价碘诱导下,一方面通过分子间的官能团化实现了双键的双磺酰氧基化、双乙酰氧基化、双卤化、双胺化、羟基化-磺酰氧基化、卤化-烷基化及羰基化等,对映选择性地合成了各种官能团化的产物;另一方面通过分子内的氧化内酯化、醚化、酰胺化、芳基化等反应,对映选择性地合成了γ-丁内酯、色满环、异色满环、噁唑烷酮、哌啶、吡咯烷、氮杂环丙烷等各种环状化合物,为手性杂环化合物的合成提供了有效途径.此外,由于手性高价碘高效诱导烯烃发生各种官能团化,提供了优秀的产率和对映选择性,因此,该方法学已被用于天然产物的全合成中.就近二十年来手性高价碘试剂诱导的烯烃官能团化及其在天然产物全合成中的应用进行综述.     

催化不对称碘代内酯化反应

卤代内酯化反应是一种重要的化学转变,在有机合成领域被广泛地应用于从不饱和羧酸、羧酸酯或酰胺出发构建具特殊结构的内脂[1].在立体选择性的卤代内酯化反应的研究中,针对由手性底物控制的不对称卤代内酯化反应报导颇多,而通过手性试剂诱导的不对称卤代内酯化反应方面的研究非常有限[2].发展高效手性诱导试剂或催化剂,并将其应用于卤代内酯化反应中,得到具有光学活性的卤代内酯,是近期该研究领域中的核心内容.     

醛对羟鎓叶立德的对映选择性捕捉: 铑/锆共催化芳基重氮酸酯﹑ 苄醇和醛的三组分反应

多组分有机化学反应就是多个反应原料同时参与反应, 一步形成多个化学键. 不对称催化多组分反应需要手性催化剂在过渡态中同时控制三个以上的底物. 不对称催化多组分反应的挑战性在于要同时控制高的化学选择性﹑非对映选择性和对映选择性. 华东师范大学胡文浩科研小组与中国科学院成都有机化学研究所合作发现了一类基于捕捉活泼羟鎓叶立德中间体的三组分新反应可以一步合成α,β-双羟基芳基乙酸酯类化合物. 近期在调控反应选择性方面取得突破性进展, 筛选出一类手性锆催化剂, 成功实现了该类三组分反应的高立体选择性不对称催化, 生成赤式为主的产物对映选择性达98%, 从而为高效构建该类手性化合物提供了一条新的绿色合成途径.     

由葫芦脲和苯胺构筑的假聚轮烷及其自由基稳定性的研究

多组分有机化学反应就是多个反应原料同时参与反应, 一步形成多个化学键. 不对称催化多组分反应需要手性催化剂在过渡态中同时控制三个以上的底物. 不对称催化多组分反应的挑战性在于要同时控制高的化学选择性﹑非对映选择性和对映选择性. 华东师范大学胡文浩科研小组与中国科学院成都有机化学研究所合作发现了一类基于捕捉活泼羟鎓叶立德中间体的三组分新反应可以一步合成α,β-双羟基芳基乙酸酯类化合物. 近期在调控反应选择性方面取得突破性进展, 筛选出一类手性锆催化剂, 成功实现了该类三组分反应的高立体选择性不对称催化, 生成赤式为主的产物对映选择性达98%, 从而为高效构建该类手性化合物提供了一条新的绿色合成途径.     

催化杂Diels-Alder反应的手性催化剂研究进展

不对称杂Diels-Alder反应为合成高区域选择性和立体选择性杂环化合物提供了重要途径，要实现杂Diels-Alder反应的不对称诱导，通常采取在二烯体或亲二烯体上连接手性辅基的方法，虽然可以获得高对映选择性环加成产物，但存在手性辅基用量大、且反应后与产物的分离复杂等缺点。近年来，手性催化剂因用量少以及对反应高选择性等优点而引起人们关注，本文按手性配体分类，简要综述了近年来不对称杂Diels-Alder反应中手性催化剂研究的新进展。     

对映选择性亲电氟化反应研究进展

含氟有机化合物, 特别是手性氟化物在医药、农药及功能性材料等相关领域的作用备受注目. 尽管在分子中有立体选择性地引入一个氟原子一直是有机化学家面临的一个挑战性问题, 近年来在化学家们的不断努力下, 对映选择性氟化反应研究取得重要进展. 高光学活性的手性氟化物可通过手性亲电氟化试剂诱导的立体选择性氟化反应, 基于底物的手性氟化反应以及手性催化剂诱导的不对称催化氟化反应等来制备. 特别是, 手性金属配合物和有机催化剂诱导的不对称催化氟化反应被广泛应用于各类手性氟化物的合成, 已成为不对称氟化反应研究的热点. 全面介绍对映选择性亲电氟化反应研究概况和最新进展, 讨论各种不对称氟化反应的特点及应用范围.     

手性季鏻盐相转移催化剂在不对称反应中的应用

手性相转移催化是不对称催化领域的重要分支之一,扮演着越来越重要的角色。本论文综述了几类新型手性季鏻盐催化剂的设计合成,及其在催化不对称Henry反应、不对称氢磷酰化反应、不对称烷基化反应、不对称Michael加成反应、不对称Mannich反应、不对称aldol反应、不对称质子化反应及不对称胺化反应中的催化活性和对映选择性,重点介绍了不同催化剂和反应底物之间立体效应和电子效应的影响,并对手性季鏻盐催化剂的发展进行了展望。     

Evans手性助剂控制的不对称Michael加成立体选择性研究(Ⅱ)

手性助剂控制的不对称反应是不对称合成的重要方法之一.以Evans手性助剂控制的Michael受体1为底物,在FeCl3催化下,通过不同格式试剂对其进行Michael加成,一步反应得到了一系列含两个手性中心的Michael加成产物2a～2h.获得了较高的立体选择性,其中化合物2d和2e得到了de值高达98%的非对映选择性.研究结果表明,亲核试剂的空间位阻是影响产物立体选择性的主要因素.     

Herbarumin Ⅲ的立体选择性全合成

以正丁醛和1,5-戊二醇为起始原料, 以不对称烯丙基化、改良的Julia成烯反应和Yamaguchi内酯化为关键步骤, 通过13步反应, 立体选择性地合成了具有植物毒性的天然十元内酯化合物Herbarumin Ⅲ(3)及其差向异构体22.     

Intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of norbornadiene-tethered nitrile oxides.

Efficient routes to the synthesis of norbornadiene-tethered nitrile oxides have been developed, and their intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions were studied. The cycloadditions occurred in good yields for a variety of substrates and were found to be highly regio- and stereoselective, giving single regio- and stereoisomers in most cases.     

Regio- and stereospecific syntheses of syn- and anti-1,2-imidazolylpropylamines from the reaction of 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole with syn- and anti-1,2-amino alcohols

The regio- and stereospecific conversion of syn- and anti-1,2-amino alcohols to their respective syn- and anti-1,2-imidazolylpropylamines via treatment with 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole is described. The rationale behind the regio- and stereospecific nature as well as the generality of the reaction is discussed.     

Intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of norbornadiene-tethered nitrones.

Efficient routes to the synthesis of norbornadiene-tethered nitrones have been developed, and their intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions were studied. The cycloadditions occurred in moderate to good yields for a variety of substrates and were found to be highly regio- and stereoselective, giving single regio- and stereoisomers in most cases.     

Highly regio- and stereoselective intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of norbornadiene-tethered nitrile oxides

[reaction: see text] Intramolecular cycloadditions with high regio- and stereocontrol are important methods for the efficient assembly of complex molecular structures. Efficient routes to the synthesis of norbornadiene-tethered nitrile oxides have been developed, and their intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions were studied. The cycloadditions occurred in good yields for a variety of substrates and were found to be highly regio- and stereoselective.     

Regio- and stereoselective reductions of gem-difluorinated vinyloxiranes

[reaction: see text] gem-Difluorinated vinyloxiranes are versatile building blocks for the synthesis of fluorinated compounds. Investigations of their reactions with nucleophiles resulted in highly regio- and stereoselective reductions. In their reactions with LiAlH4, hydride reacted at the allylic epoxide carbon to produce homoallylic alcohols exclusively. Moreover, regio- and stereoselective S(N)2' reactions were observed with DIBAL-H and BH3 x THF; the former afforded E allylic alcohols, whereas the latter furnished the corresponding Z isomers with excellent selectivities.     

Divergent syntheses of all 16 carbasugar stereoisomers via stereoconversion of carba-β-d-altropyranose derivatives

We have developed practical synthetic routes to enantiopure d- and l-carba-β-altrose derivatives and all the possible stereoisomers via their divergent stereoconversions. Carba-β-d-altrose was prepared from 3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid and converted to carba-β-d-mannose, carba-β-d-idose, and carba-β-d-talose derivatives via regio- and stereoselective oxidation/reduction of 3-OH and/or 4-OH. The four carbasugar stereoisomers were then transformed to the remaining 12 carbasugar stereoisomers and their 1,2-epoxides by regio- and stereoselective manipulation of hydroxyl groups in C1 and C2, which includes oxidation/reduction, Mitsunobu’s reaction, olefination/dihydroxylation, and epoxidation/ring-opening protocols.     

Phosphite-oxazole/imidazole ligands in asymmetric intermolecular Heck reaction

We describe the application of a new class of ligands--the phosphite-oxazole/imidazole (L1-L5a-g)--in asymmetric intermolecular Pd-catalyzed Heck reactions under thermal and microwave conditions. These ligands combine the advantages of the oxazole/imidazole moiety with those of the phosphite moiety: they are more stable than their oxazoline counterparts, less sensitive to air and other oxidizing agents than phosphines and phosphinites, and easy to synthesize from readily available alcohols. The results indicate that activities, regio- and enantioselectivities, are highly influenced by the type of nitrogen donor group (oxazole or imidazole), the oxazole and biaryl-phosphite substituents and the axial chirality of the biaryl moiety of the ligand. By carefully selecting the ligand components, we achieved high activities, regio- (up to 99%) and enantioselectivities (up to 99%) using several triflate sources. Under microwave-irradiation conditions, reaction times were considerably shorter (from 24 h to 30 min) and regio- and enantioselectivities were still excellent.     

Stereoselective one-pot preparation of 1,2,4,5-tetraalkylidene- and 1,4-dialkylidenecyclohexanes

1,2,4,5-Tetraalkylidene- and 1,4-dialkylidenecyclohexanes were prepared by the regio- and stereoselective homocoupling of skip-type diynes and enynes, and their Diels-Alder reaction to form a polycyclic compound was demonstrated.     

Regio- and stereochemistry of the intramolecular [2+2] photoproducts from two related vinylogous imides

The regio- and stereochemistry of the intramolecular [2+2] photoproducts from two related vinylogous imides have been determined with the aid of X-ray crystallography; their chemistry and a mechanistic rationale of their formation are presented.     

Regio and stereo directional oxidation of ecdysteroids and their 7,8-dihydroanalogs with ozone in pyridine

The oxidation of ecdysteroids and their 7,8-dihydroanalogs with ozone in pyridine occurred regio- and stereoselectively at the hydroxy groups of the A ring giving 2-dehydro-3α-hydroxy derivatives.