Ni(510)台阶面对氢分子解离吸附的影响

应用对势方法获得Ｈ２／Ｎｉ（１００）和Ｈ２／Ｎｉ（５１０）相互作用体系的ＬＥＰＳ势能面，考察了氢分子在Ｎｉ（１００）面上的解离吸附行为。理论计算结果和实验结果符合很好，对Ｈ２／Ｎｉ（５１０）体系的研究表明，台阶的作用为：（１）在台阶下部，氢分子直接解离的最低能量反应途径密度增大，且平动活化垒降低，（２）在台阶上部及台阶边棱处，前驱态的最低能量反应途径密度增大。因此，台阶处成为氢分子解离和复合的活性     

CO2部分氧化乙烷制乙烯Pd—Cu／MoO3—SiO2催化剂的研究

用化学吸附－红外光谱、化学吸附－程序升温脱附（ＴＰＤ）和微型反应技术研究了Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／ＭｏＯ３－ＳｉＯ２（ＭｏＳＯ）催化剂对ＣＯ２和乙烷的吸附活化和部分氧化反应性能．结果表明，乙烷以Ｃ—Ｈ键中的Ｈ吸附于ＭｏＳＯ载体表面ＭｏＯ键的端基氧上；Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／ＭｏＳＯ催化剂对ＣＯ２有良好的化学吸附活化性能，ＣＯ２的吸附除有线式吸附态和剪式吸附态外，还有一种新的卧式吸附态；Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／ＭｏＳＯ催化剂的晶格氧参与了化学反应．探讨了在Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／ＭｏＳＯ催化剂上ＣＯ２的部分氧化乙烷反应机理     

甲醇在催化剂MgO（100）面上吸附的量子化学研究

本文用ＣＮＤＯ／２半经验最子化学计算方法对ＣＨ３ＯＨ分子在（ＭｇＯ）４（１００）面上的２８种可能的吸附态进行了优化计算，得到以ＣＨ３ＯＨ分子中－ＣＨ３取向吸附在（ＭｇＯ）４（１００）面的Ｏ＾－原子上，且为重叠式构型最稳态。此构型中由于－ＣＨ３上的三个氢原子形成结构适应的三氢正电集团与氧的静电作用的结果。从吸附态的能量及Ｍｕｌｌｉｋｅｎ集居数上分析得甲醇在ＭｇＯ催化剂上有利于形成ＣＨ４和ＣＯ，这一结     

Ni(115)台阶面对氢表面微观动力学行为的影响

用５参数Ｍｏｒｓｅ势模拟氢－镍表面体系相互作用势，考察了氢原子在Ｎｉ（１１５）台面上吸附扩散行为。同时构造了氢分子与Ｎｉ（１００）和Ｎｉ（１１５）台阶面 相互作用推广的ＬＥＰＳ势面面，考察了氢分子解离化学吸附的微观动力学性质。     

甲醇燃料车尾气净化催化剂的研究：Ⅰ.甲醇深度氧化用钯催化剂上吸附…

利用原位红外技术研究了ＣＨ３ＯＨ，ＣＯ，Ｏ２等在Ｐｄ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３上的吸附情况及ＣＨ３ＯＨ和Ｏ２共吸附时表面物种的变化，结果表明，表面纯净的Ｐｄ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂对甲醇具有很好的解离吸附性能，在无氧条件下，ＣＨ３ＯＨ可在其上脱氢产生ＨＣＨＯ及ＣＯ。Ｐｄ对Ｏ２的吸附力强，氧均以解离方式吸附于Ｐｄ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３上。当吸附的「ＣＨ３Ｏ」与「Ｏ」的Ｐｄ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３上相互作用时，可产生ＨＣＨＯ，     

甲醇燃料车尾气净化催化剂的研究Ⅱ.甲醇深度氧化用银催化剂上吸附物种的原位红外研究

利用原位红外技术研究了ＣＨ３ＯＨ，ＣＯ，Ｏ２等在５％Ａｇ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３上的吸附情况及ＣＨ３ＯＨ和Ｏ２共吸附时表面物种的变化．结果表明，在表面纯净的Ａｇ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上，甲醇的解离吸附仅发生在γＡｌ２Ｏ３上；表面预吸附氧后，可大大增强Ａｇ对ＣＨ３ＯＨ的解离吸附，当吸附的［ＣＨ３Ｏ］与［Ｏ］在Ａｇ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３上相互作用时，出现吸附态甲醛、甲二氧基、甲酸根等中间物种．Ｏ２在Ａｇ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３上存在非解离吸附（Ｏ－２），在真空中较易脱附，但在氧气氛下可于１００℃时稳定存在．     

氧在C－Ni（100）表面反应动力学的研究──Ⅱ．动力学计算结果

根据Ｏ２＋Ｃ－Ｎｉ（１００）表面反应的推广ＬＥＰＳ势能面，并用ＱＣＴ方法研究了该体系的反应动力学行为．结果给出了分子化学吸附和解离原子化学吸附及ＣＯ脱附反应的分子动态特征，以及态－态过程的吸附几率．考察了各种能量形式对吸附、脱附几率的影响和各类吸附、脱附几率的变化规律．     

微量吸附量热技术研究Pd-Cu/SiO2的表面吸附

应用微量吸附量热技术研究了室温Ｈ２,ＣＯ,Ｏ２和Ｃ２Ｈ４在ｍ（Ｐｄ）／ｍ（ＳｉＯ２）＝２％,ｍ（Ｐｄ,Ｃｕ）／ｍ（ＳｉＯ２）「ｎ（Ｐｄ）／ｎ（Ｃｕ）＝１／１」＝２％,ｍ（Ｐｄ,Ｃｕ）／ｍ（ＳｉＯ２）「ｎ（Ｐｄ）／ｎ（Ｃｕ＝１／４」＝２％和ｍ（Ｃｕ）／ｍ（ＳｉＯ２）＝８％催化剂表面的吸附性能,并考察了Ｏ２对Ｃ２Ｈ４吸附性能的影响,结果表明,Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／ＳｉＯ２具有与Ｐｄ／ＳｉＯ２数量相近的表面Ｐｄ原子,加入Ｃｕ可使Ｐｄ对Ｈ２和ＣＯ的强吸附位数目相对减少,弱吸附位数目相对增加Ｐｄ增加了Ｈ２在Ｃｕ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂表面的吸附量,加速了Ｏ２在Ｃｕ表面的吸附速率,Ｐｄ原子和Ｃｕ原子在Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／ＳｉＯ２混合均匀且分散良好,乙烯在Ｐｄ／ＳｉＯ２表面吸附有乙川,ｄｉ－σ和π吸附态。Ｃｕ的加入可抑制乙类在Ｐｄ表面吸附氧发生氧化反     

铁助剂对Pd／Al2O3催化剂抗硫性能的影响

借助ＣＯ探针分子原位红外（ｉｎ－ｓｉｔｕＩＲ）、ＴＥＭ（ＥＤＳ）、ＸＰＳ和ＸＲＤ对一系列Ｐｄ－Ｆｅ／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３、Ｐｄ－Ｐｔ／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３和Ｐｄ（或Ｐｔ）／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３模型催化剂进行了表征，结果表明，硫在中毒Ｐｄ（或Ｐｔ）／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３时，毒物Ｈ_２Ｓ优先吸附于催化剂的多位活性中心上，主要以电子效应影响催化剂的活性．铁的引入，提高了活性组分Ｐｄ的分散度，多位活性中心的减少不利于Ｈ_２Ｓ在催化剂上的吸附；Ｐｄ－Ｆｅ协同作用的结果，增强了催化剂对吸附Ｓ~（２－）氧化成毒性较小的Ｓ~（６＋）或可逸出系统的ＳＯ_２的能力，从而明显地提高了催化剂的抗硫中毒能力．     

Ni－Cu和MgO－SiO_2间的相互作用及其对催化性能的影响

本文用ＴＰＲ，ＩＲ，ＴＰＤ和ＴＰＳＲ等技术研究了以表面改性法制备的ＭｇＯ－ＳｉＯ２（ＭＳＯ）表面复合物担载的Ｎｉ－ＣＵ合金间的相互作用及其对ＣＯ加氢反应催化性能的影响．结果表明，ＮｉＯ－ＣｕＯ与ＭＳＯ间的相互作用导致部分ＭＯ与ＭＳＯ形成表面物种从而使金属组分氧化物还原温度明显升高；还原后的Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ／ＭＳＯ表面上存在着两类活性中心，即合金相中的Ｎｉ与载体相中的Ｍｇ２＋（或Ｍｇ２＋－Ｏ）；在两类活性中心的协同作用下，ＣＯ吸附除有孪生、线式和桥式吸附态物种外，还有一种新的卧式吸附态（Ｎｉ．．．Ｃ＝Ｏ→Ｍｇ２＋）．这种吸附态的活化程度较高，易在表面上发生裂解形成Ｎｉ－Ｃ和Ｍｇ２＋－Ｏ，其中Ｎｉ－Ｃ是加氢反应的碳源；Ｈ２在催化剂表面上发生解离吸附形成Ｎｉ－Ｈ和Ｍｇ２＋－ＯＨ，前者比较活泼，是加氢反应的氢原．ＣＯ加氢生成烃类的反应在Ｎｉ中心上按＂表面碳＂机理进行，其生成ＣＺＨ４的选择性高于８０％；Ｈ２Ｏ的生成反应按２（Ｍｇ２＋－ＯＨ）－→Ｍｇ２＋＋（Ｍｇ２＋－Ｏ）＋Ｈ２Ｏ方式进行．     

Adsorption of carbon monoxide on Pd (210) and (510) surfaces

Adsorption of carbon monoxide on Pd (210) and (510) stepped surfaces has been investigated by the extended London‐Eyring‐Polyani‐Sato method constructed using a five‐parameter Morse potential. Pd (210) and (510) stepped surfaces consist of terrace with (100) structure and step with (110) character. These results show that there exist common characteristics of CO adsorption on these two surfaces. At low coverage, CO adsorbs in twofold bridge site of the (100) terrace. The critical characteristics inherit that of CO molecule adsorbed in twofold bridge site of (100) original surface. When the coverage is increased, the top site of (110) step is occupied. The critical characteristics resemble that of CO molecule adsorbed in top site of (110) original surface. A number of new sites are exposed on the boundary regions, for example, the fivefold hollow site (H) of these two surfaces. There are stable adsorption sites at high coverage. Because of the different length of the (100) terrace, the (210) and (510) stepped surfaces have some different characteristics. First, CO is tilted adsorption on bridge site of terrace of (210), but perpendicular on terrace of (510) surface. Second, the bridge site (B₁) where one Pd atom at the top of the step and the other at the bottom of the step is a stable adsorption site on (210), but the same type of site on Pd (510) surface is not. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The role of molecular rotation in activated dissociative adsorption on metal surfaces

The role of molecular rotation in dissociative adsorption of H2 on the activated NiAl(110) metal surface is systematically investigated by means of classical dynamics calculations performed on ab initio six-dimensional potential energy surfaces. The calculations show that molecules rotate abruptly when they are close to the surface and that this rotation allows the molecules to adopt the orientation that is more convenient for dissociation (i.e., nearly parallel to the surface). Also, in reactive sectors of the NiAl(110) unit cell, there is an "angular threshold" below which molecules cannot dissociate. This angular threshold goes down as the incidence energy increases, which explains the rise of the dissociation probability and the fact that it reaches a value close to 1 at incidence energies of the order of 2 eV. The fact that switching on molecular rotation favors dissociation establishes a competition between dissociation and rotational excitation of reflected molecules above the dissociation threshold. Measurements on rotational excitation might thus bring indirect evidence on the dissociation dynamics. Sample calculations for nonactivated Pd(111) and activated Cu(110) metal surfaces suggest that some of these conclusions may be of general validity.     

Study of adsorption and decomposition of H2O on Ge(100)

The adsorption and decomposition of water on Ge(100) have been investigated using real-time scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. The STM results revealed two distinct adsorption features of H2O on Ge(100) corresponding to molecular adsorption and H-OH dissociative adsorption. In the molecular adsorption geometry, H2O molecules are bound to the surface via Ge-O dative bonds between the O atom of H2O and the electrophilic down atom of the Ge dimer. In the dissociative adsorption geometry, the H2O molecule dissociates into H and OH, which bind covalently to a Ge-Ge dimer on Ge(100) in an H-Ge-Ge-OH configuration. The DFT calculations showed that the dissociative adsorption geometry is more stable than the molecular adsorption geometry. This finding is consistent with the STM results, which showed that the dissociative product becomes dominant as the H2O coverage is increased. The simulated STM images agreed very well with the experimental images. In the real-time STM experiments, we also observed a structural transformation of the H2O molecule from the molecular adsorption to the dissociative adsorption geometry.     

Theoretical investigation into the mechanism of reductive elimination from bimetallic palladium complexes

Reductive elimination of C-Cl and C-C bonds from binuclear organopalladium complexes containing Pd-Pd bonds with overall formal oxidation state +III are explored by density functional theory for dichloromethane and acetonitrile solvent environments. An X-ray crystallographically authenticated neutral complex, [(L-C,N)ClPd(μ-O(2)CMe)](2) (L = benzo[h]quinolinyl) (I), is examined for C-Cl coupling, and the proposed cation, [(L-C,N)PhPd(1)(μ-O(2)CMe)(2)Pd(2)(L-C,N)](+) (II), examined for C-C coupling together with (L-C,N)PhPd(1)(μ-O(2)CMe)(2)Pd(2)Cl(L-C,N) (III) as a neutral analogue of II. In both polar and nonpolar solvents, reaction from III via chloride dissociation from Pd(2) to form II is predicted to be favored. Cation II undergoes Ph-C coupling at Pd(1) with concomitant Pd(1)-Pd(2) lengthening and shortening of the Pd(1)-O bond trans to the carbon atom of L; natural bond orbital analysis indicates that reductive coupling from II involves depopulation of the d(x(2)-y(2)) orbital of Pd(1) and population of the d(z(2)) orbitals of Pd(1) and Pd(2) as the Pd-Pd bond lengthens. Calculations for the symmetrical dichloro complex I indicate that a similar dissociative pathway for C-Cl coupling is competitive with a direct (nondissociative) pathway in acetonitrile, but the direct pathway is favored in dichloromethane. In contrast to the dissociative mechanism, direct coupling for I involves population of the d(x(2)-y(2)) orbital of Pd(1) with Pd(1)-O(1) lengthening, significantly less population occurs for the d(z(2)) orbital of Pd(1) than for the dissociative pathway, and d(z(2)) at Pd(2) is only marginally populated resulting in an intermediate that is formally a Pd(1)(I)-Pd(2)(III) species, (L-Cl-N,Cl)Pd(1)(μ-O(2)CMe)Pd(2)Cl(O(2)CMe)(L-C,N) that releases chloride from Pd(2) with loss of Pd(I)-Pd(III) bonding to form a Pd(II) species. A similar process is formulated for the less competitive direct pathway for C-C coupling from III, in this case involving decreased population of the d(z(2)) orbital of Pd(2) and strengthening of the Pd(I)-Pd(III) interaction in the analogous intermediate with η(2)-coordination at Pd(1) by L-Ph-N, C(1)-C(2).     

Rotationally inelastic scattering of HD from Cu(100) and Pd(111)

Rotational excitation of HD scattered from Cu(100), Pd(111), and Pd(111):H(D) was measured using molecular beam and quantum-state-specific laser spectroscopy techniques. Greater than 91% of the incident HD population was in the v = 0, J = 0 state. The final rotational distributions from Cu(100), Pd(111), and Pd(111):H(D) were compared for a HD beam at an incident energy of 74 meV. For all the three surfaces studied, rotationally inelastic scattering probabilities were large. We find that the final HD rotational distributions are remarkably similar for the three surfaces even though Pd(111) is very reactive to dissociative adsorption of HD whereas Cu(100) and Pd(111):H(D) are chemically inert.     

Hydrogen adsorption on nickel (100) single-crystal face. A Monte Carlo study of the equilibrium and kinetics

We propose a model of the dissociative adsorption of hydrogen on nickel single-crystal face. In this model, we treat the Ni(100) surface as a strongly correlated energetically heterogeneous surface, because the density functional theory (DFT) studies indicate that hydrogen atoms may adsorb either on hollow sites (energetically more favorable, binding energy 48 kJ/mol H) or bridge sites with the binding energy less by 11 kJ/mol H. The essential assumption of the proposed model is that the dissociation of the hydrogen molecule is possible only over the topmost Ni atom, and the resulting H atoms may adsorb either on two free hollow sites (but the adjacent bridge sites must be free) or two bridge sites (the adjacent hollow sites must be free). If the above condition is not fulfilled, then the dissociation and adsorption are impossible. The second assumption is that the rate (probability) of the associative desorption is limited by the rate of diffusion of H atoms on the surface. This is because the two H atoms desorb, giving an H2 molecule, only when they meet on two adjacent hollow-bridge sites. Our model recovers very well the behavior of the experimental equilibrium adsorption isotherms as well as kinetic isotherms. As a result, we stated that hydrogen atoms are not completely free on the surface, but they cannot also be considered localized at room and elevated temperatures. Additionally, while analyzing the kinetic adsorption isotherms, we stated that the rate-limiting step during the dissociative adsorption of H2 is the disintegration of the activated complex and the subsequent adsorption of hydrogen atoms.     

甲酸在Pt(100)单晶电极表面解离吸附过程的动力学

有机小分子在电催化剂表面的解离吸附,是燃料电池阳极氧化过程中发生自毒化现象的主要原因.事实上这类解离吸附是一种表面分子过程,包括有机分子在电极表面吸附,分子内断键,生成新的吸附分子或基因等步骤.Sun等研究了甲醇等在一系列铂单晶电极上的解离吸附,发现这类过程极强地依赖于电极表面原子排列结构.虽然已有大量文献报导了运用原位红外光谱检测各类有机小分子解离吸附物种,但迄今仍未见到动力学方面的研究结果.显然,对这种在电化学条件下表面分子反应过程的动力学研究,必将进一步揭