学科大概念统领下的高三有机复习大单元教学

学科大概念是单元整体教学设计的核心。从教学内容、学情、试题进行教学现状分析,基于课程标准、学科本质、学生认知构建学科大概念,进行学科大概念统领下的高三有机复习教学设计与实践,促进学生化学学科核心素养的发展。     

立足基础 推陈出新 综合应用——2004年高考理科综合能力测试化学试题评析

2004年全国高考理科综合能力测试(以下简称理综)中,涉及化学学科的试题在第Ⅰ卷(选择题)中有9道,在第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)中有5道,分值为118分。其中第Ⅰ卷的第6、16题及第Ⅱ卷的第31题的(1)(2)小题是分属于生化、物化和生化综合的学科间综合试题。     

2019年高中化学奥林匹克北京地区预选赛试题及解析

2019年高中化学奥林匹克北京地区预选赛试题立足于中学化学基础知识及其自然生长点,注重学科核心素养,突出关键能力。试题选材上贴近生产、生活实际和化学科学前沿,引导学生理论联系实际,从解题逐步走向解决问题。从试题立意、命题背景和解题思路等3个方面对试题进行解析。     

基于核心素养的化学探究性试题探究要素设计

科学探究是化学学科核心素养之一，而探究性试题是检验学生探究能力及思维品质的重要方式。按照科学探究的过程，结合现有的纸笔考试形式，可将探究性试题中的探究要素分为提出问题、猜想与假设、制定计划、进行验证、获取证据、解释与结论、反思与评价、迁移与应用等几个方面。命制化学探究性试题时，要根据化学学科核心素养的培养目标，科学、灵活地设计探究环节中的各要素，有效提升探究性试题的考查功效。     

2018年高考全国卷化学实验题的分析与启示

对2018年高考全国Ⅰ卷、Ⅱ卷、Ⅲ卷中化学实验题的题型、内容分布、试题呈现形式、内容难度、考查的学科能力、核心素养水平以及命题特点进行了具体分析,并对高中化学实验教学提出了相关建议。     

基于化学学科核心素养发展的试题测量目标分析及启示*——以2019年全国高考Ⅰ卷部分化学试题为例

从2019年全国高考Ⅰ卷理综化学试题中,选择物质性质及应用、化学实验和化学反应原理等3个典型内容领域的3道选择题,基于化学学科核心素养发展进行试题测量目标分析。淡化具体知识的识记要求、强化基于核心主干知识支撑下的有效认识、分析和解决问题的综合能力,是高考的价值取向和素养导向。教师对试题的分析应从“知识为本”走向“素养为本”,素养立意的高考试题呼唤课堂教学转型,教师需加强对课堂转型内涵及其要求的认识。     

核心素养导向下中考化学试题特点分析及对命题的思考——以2018年安徽省中考化学试卷第15题为例

以2018年安徽省初中学业水平考试化学试卷第15题为例,对核心素养导向下的中考化学试题的特点进行分析,从试题的情境、知识、问题等要素分析如何体现学科素养的测试宗旨,并阐述对命题素材的遴选及问题设计的方式等方面的思考。     

以延伸课堂实验与发展化学学科能力为导向的期末试题的命制——学生必做实验“简单配合物的制备”

通过实验探究和文献研究,以学生必做实验“简单配合物的制备”为素材命制高二化学期末实验探究题,展现命题过程。阐释了以延伸课堂实验与发展化学学科能力为导向的期末试题命制策略。     

对适应性高考试题中“真实性实验问题”的探讨及教学建议*

节选了部分适应性高考题中的“真实性实验问题”进行分析和探讨,解释了相关实验现象,运用“数学关系式”对相关图像的数据进行了比较分析,并提出了相关的教学建议。“真实性实验问题”是“真实情境”试题的来源之一,针对试题、教材、教学中的“真实性实验问题”进行定位和比较,为落实以“化学学科核心素养”为命题原则的新高考做好铺垫和引导作用。     

2006年高考化学实验试题的特点与启示

化学是一门以实验为基础的学科,高考加强化学实验的考查已成为趋势,研究新形式下的高考化学实验试题的特点是高考复习过程中的重要一环.本文结合2006年高考试题中化学实验试题的特点谈谈今后化学实验复习的建议,供同行参考.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.