基于深度学习理论的有机重排反应课堂教学

重排反应有着不同于加成、消除及氧化还原等其他类型基础有机反应的独特性,是在有机合成课程中学生普遍反馈难以理解和记忆的教学内容。在基础有机化学课程的教学中,重排反应相关知识点散落在各个章节,学生对于这部分内容缺乏深层次的理解以及内在关联性的认识。因此,搭建零散的相关重排反应之间的关联,开展重排反应的深度学习教学显得尤为重要。本文结合有机化学学科的特点,根据有机合成教学现状,围绕深度学习教学设计的四要素,把握深度学习的四大特征,以教学片段为例阐述深度学习理论在教学实践中的应用。     

基于深度学习的有机合成复习课教学实践*——常见高分子材料的用途与合成

基于深度学习理念,以“常见高分子材料的用途与合成”为学习主题,开展关于有机合成复习课的教学实践。指出在有机合成的复习课,开展深度学习有利于激发学生的学习需求、调动学生高阶思维、让学生迁移运用所学知识。基于深度学习的教学设计需要把握挑战性学习主题、深度学习目标、深度学习活动和持续性评价4大要素。提出课前应引导学生开展挑战性学习主题的项目调研;课上应创设引导学生深度学习的问题情境,促进学生高阶思维的发展;课后应让学生以思维导图的形式理顺有机合成的一般方法等,为教师开展基于深度学习的教学实践提供参考。     

揭开烃类不完全燃烧产生的黑烟之神秘面纱*

对有机化学学习中“烃类不完全燃烧产生黑烟”的谜团进行解释,阐述了黑烟是一种由挥发性燃料在火焰中团聚产生的黑炭颗粒——烟炱,分析了烟炱以多环芳烃为母核的分子结构,讨论了共振稳定自由基的链式反应并团聚形成烟炱的机理。黑炭在环境科学、能源化学、有机化学等领域有重要的影响意义。因此,期望本文能为现有的有机化学教材作拓展补充,为相关教学工作提供借鉴意义。     

浅谈有机化学课程教学中的兵法与谋略

介绍在有机化学课程教学中融入兵法与谋略的讲授心得,包括在有机合成题的讲解、在有机化学反应机理的介绍中及在有机化学反应方程式的介绍中融入谋略思想的方法。     

"PBL"教学法在"有机合成"教学中的运用

为突破传统教学模式,提高有机化学教学质量,本文尝试在“有机化学”课程的“有机合成”部分采用“PBL”教学法模式,取得了较好的效果。“PBL”教学法是以问题为基础的教学方法,它能拓展知识面,联系不同学科中的相关知识点,加强了学生学习的主动性,训练了学生的思维能力,让知识永久的存储于学生的记忆中,使教学处于融洽的氛围中。     

信息技术与“教学评”一体化深度融合的教学实践*——以“有机合成”为例

以建构有机合成中的顺推法和逆合成分析法思维模型为载体,通过设置驱动任务,将信息技术和“教学评”一体化深度融合,促进学生结构观、发展观和转化观的形成,理解有机化学的社会价值,培养学生的宏微结合、变化观念、科学态度和社会责任等化学学科核心素养。     

糖类化合物的端基效应

讨论糖化学中存在的端基效应，内容涉及端基效应的产生，对端基效应的几种理论解释与思考，以及端基效应在有机合成中的应用等。旨在为基础有机化学中的糖化学课程教学提供参考。     

面向应用化学专业的有机合成教学*——薄层色谱在有机合成中的应用

以薄层色谱(TLC)在有机合成中的应用为例,探讨了问题导向式的教学模式在有机合成课程中的应用。以薄层色谱分析中经常出现的典型问题为切入点,以理论为指导,同时结合启发式、讨论式等多种教学方法,充分增加了课堂上师生之间的互动交流,提升了课堂教学效果。实践表明,采用问题导向式的教学模式,在教学中设置层层深入的问题,能激发学生的学习兴趣和学习热情,培养学生的科学探究精神和专业素养,也为有机合成课程教学设计提供一定的思路。     

中国化学会第九届全国有机化学学术会议(第二轮通知)

<正>中国化学会第九届全国有机化学学术会议定于2015年7月28~31日在长春市隆重召开。本届会议由中国化学会、国家自然科学基金委员会主办,东北师范大学、中国科学院长春应用化学研究所承办,吉林大学、延边大学协办。本次会议以"有机化学、能源、环境:挑战与机遇"为主题,围绕天然产物化学、有机合成化学、物理有机化学、金属有机化     

有机化学课程教学网站的建设与应用开发

简述了有机化学课程教学网站的设计、开发和建设过程,综述了有机化学课程教学网站在有机化学教学中的重要辅助作用及其在教学中的使用方法。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.