熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定海洋沉积物中氯等元素

应用X射线荧光光谱法测定了海洋沉积物中12种元素（即硫、铝、铁、钙、钾、磷、钛、锰、氯、硅、钠及镁）。样品预先在120℃烘8h后,称取0.500 0g与5.000g混合熔剂（四硼酸锂67g与偏硼酸锂33g混合）置于铂-金坩埚中混匀后,先在600℃预氧化200s,使还原性物质充分氧化,随即升温至1 000℃熔融9min。...     

熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定工业硅中总硅、二氧化硅和其他杂质组分

将四硼酸锂内衬坩埚熔融制样方法应用于X射线荧光光谱法测定工业硅中总硅、二氧化硅和其他杂质组分(铝、铁、钙、镁、钛)。在熔融制样前,样品(1.000 0g)经直接灼烧(700～750℃)计算灼减量并除去样品中碳。称取上述灼烧后的样品0.200 0g,与碳酸锂1.700g和600g·L~(-1)硝酸铵溶液0.1～0.3mL混匀后移入四硼酸锂内衬坩埚中,于710～720℃预氧化10～12min。将此经预氧化的混合物及其内衬坩埚一起转移至预置有3.000g硼酸的铂金坩埚中,加入400g·L~(-1)溴化铵溶液0.1～0.4mL,于熔样机中静置熔融8min,摇动熔融12min,冷却,脱模后即得样品的玻璃片。选取测定元素的氧化物,按0.200 0g称样量模拟制备了5个校准样片,各组分的质量分数在一定范围内与其对应的X射线荧光强度呈线性关系,提出了样品中二氧化硅含量的计算公式。方法用于5个工业硅样品的分析,测定结果与湿法分析测定值相符。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定萤石中氟化钙、二氧化硅、氧化铝、全铁的含量

应用X射线荧光光谱法(XRFS)测定了萤石中氟化钙、二氧化硅、氧化铝和全铁的含量。采用熔融法制备样块,称取粒径小于0.125mm的试样1.000g于铂坩埚中与硝酸钾0.2g、碳酸锂1.0g及无水四硼酸锂5.0g混合均匀,加入150g.L-1溴化锂溶液3滴,于1 050℃熔融20min,所得熔块用XRFS对上述4种组分进行测定。对含有还原性物质的试样采用先在铂坩埚中加入无水四硼酸锂熔融,使熔剂均匀粘涂于坩埚内壁的下部和底部,冷却后再用硝酸钾及碳酸锂按程序在低温预氧化后升至高温对样品进行熔融,所得熔块用于XRFS分析,用标准样品按试验方法制备工作曲线。应用此法分析了4个萤石样品,上述组分的测定值与化学法的测定值相符。     

熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定直接还原铁中主次元素含量

应用熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定了直接还原铁中主次元素的含量。样品置于铂金坩埚中,以四硼酸锂和偏硼酸锂为熔剂于1 050℃熔融20min,将熔化的样品倒入铂金模具中,所制得的片样用于X射线荧光光谱分析。以铁矿石标准物质GBW 07221等25种标准物质制作校准曲线,以固定理论α影响系数法校正基体效应。方法用于实际样品的分析,所得结果与其他方法测定值相符。测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)在0.31%~16%之间。     

熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定锡矿和钨钼矿中16种组分

锡矿或钨钼矿样品以四硼酸锂为熔剂,以硝酸铵为氧化剂,预氧化后,以溴化锂为脱模剂,在1 100℃下熔融10min,冷却后制成熔融片,采用X射线荧光光谱法测定熔融片中锡、钨、钼、砷、铅、锌、锑、铜和三氧化二铝、二氧化硅、三氧化二铁、一氧化锰、二氧化钛、氧化钙、五氧化二磷、三氧化硫等16种组分的含量。以五氧化二钽为内标,采用理论系数法校正基体效应,16种组分的检出限为50～155μg·g~(-1)。方法应用于锡矿样品的分析,测定值与已知值相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)为0.15%～1.2%。     

熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定含碳及碳化硅的铝镁质、锆质耐火材料中的7种氧化物

建立了熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法(XRFS)测定含碳及碳化硅的铝镁质、锆质耐火材料中的二氧化锆、三氧化二铝、二氧化硅、氧化钙、氧化镁、三氧化二铁、二氧化钛等含量的方法。将样品置于950℃马弗炉内灼烧1 h以除去其中的碳。将四硼酸锂置于铂-金坩埚中熔融,旋转坩埚使熔融态四硼酸锂附着在坩埚壁上,以减少碳化硅对铂-金坩埚的腐蚀。将1.000 0 g碳酸锂、1.000 0 g硝酸锂和0.300 0 g灼烧过的样品混合,置于挂膜处理好的铂-金坩埚中,上面再覆盖2.000 0 g四硼酸锂,在程序升温条件下预氧化以去除样品中的碳化硅。加入溴化锂溶液(脱模剂),在1 120℃下熔融20 min,浇入铂-金成型模具中,制成玻璃样片,供XRFS分析。结果显示:7种氧化物的线性相关系数不小于0.999 0,检出限为28～15 123μg·g~(-1);对实际样品重复测定8次,7种氧化物测定值的相对标准偏差均小于4.0%;将方法所得结果与GB/T 16555-2017中化学湿法的进行比较,偏差基本在国家标准方法允许偏差的范围内。     

熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定铁矿石中钾、铅、锌和砷

采用熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定铁矿石中钾、铅、锌和砷的含量。样品以四硼酸锂和碳酸锂为熔剂,在1 050℃下熔融20min,冷却后制成玻璃融片,用于X射线荧光光谱分析,以标准物质制作校准曲线。方法应用于铁矿石标准样品(GSB 1805-2005)的测定,测定值与认定值相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)在2.0%~4.5%之间。     

三元硝酸盐预氧化熔融制样-波长色散X射线荧光光谱法测定锌精矿中锌、铜、铅、铁、铝、钙和镁

锌精矿属富锌、高铜、高铅的硫化矿矿物,硫和铜等元素腐蚀铂金坩埚是熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱分析必须解决的问题。在阶梯温度下,以硝酸铵、硝酸钠和硝酸锂的三元硝酸盐混合物为氧化剂,采用半熔法预氧化试料中的硫、铜、锌等元素,以四硼酸锂-偏硼酸锂混合熔剂(m:m=67∶33)为熔剂、过饱和溴化锂溶液为脱模剂,于1 050℃熔铸成XRF分析用试料片,波长色散X射线荧光光谱仪测定试料片中的锌、铜、铅、铁、铝、钙和镁含量。以系列铜、铅、锌的硫化矿及其精矿有证标准物质和工作基准试剂氧化锌作为标准试料建立待测组分的校准曲线,各待测组分的校准曲线的相关系数在0.988 5～0.997 8;方法检出限为0.018%～0.50%。对不少于3个水平的待测组分进行实验室内重复性实验,其相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)在0.41%～3.9%,除个别分析结果外,测定结果与标准方法的测定结果无显著性差异;经t-检验,锌精矿标准物质中铅和铁测定值与标准值无显著性差异,而锌测定结果与标准值存在显著性差异;除个别水平样品的锌含量、铁含量、钙含量测定值外,测定值与标准方法的测定值无显著性差异。8个实验室对不少于3个水平的待测组分进行5次独立测定,确定了校准曲线测定范围内的方法重复性限和再现性限。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定白云石中12种元素的含量

采用X射线荧光光谱法测定白云石中钠、镁、铝、硅、磷、硫、钾、钙、锰、铁、钛、锌等12种元素的含量。样品以四硼酸锂和偏硼酸锂为熔剂和溴化锂为脱模剂于1 050℃熔融,样片用于X射线荧光光谱分析。以GBW 07114、GBW 07216A、GBW 07217A、YSBC 11703-1995、YSBC28722-1993、YSBC 28723-1993等标准物质为基础制作工作曲线。优化了各元素的基体校正数学模型。对白云石样品重复测定11次,测得其相对标准偏差(n=11)在0.2%~7.3%之间。方法用于白云石标准样品的分析,所得结果与认定值相符。     

熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定锰铁中硅、锰、磷、铬、镍和铜

采用熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定锰铁中硅、锰、磷、铬、镍和铜的含量。样品以四硼酸锂为熔剂,在300℃下加热15min,慢速升温至1 100℃,熔融15min,冷却后制成玻璃片,用于X射线荧光光谱分析。6种元素在一定的质量分数范围内与其信号强度呈线性关系,方法的检出限在15~59μg·g-1之间。方法用于锰铁样品的分析,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=11)在0.16%~3.6%之间。     

X-射线荧光光谱法分析硅质耐火材料的主次成分

采用硅石标准样品作为校准样品,建立了熔融制样X-射线荧光光谱法测定硅质耐火材料中SiO2、Al2O3、CaO、MgO、P2O5、Fe2O3、TiO2、K2O、Na2O的方法.采用熔融法为样品片和校准片的制备方法,选择四硼酸锂-偏硼酸锂(质量比为67∶33)为助熔剂,1.00mL LiBr溶液为脱模剂,熔融温度1100℃...     

X射线荧光光谱法测定铝土矿中的主成分

建立了X射线荧光光谱法测定铝土矿中主要成分氧化铁、氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化钠、氧化钾、氧化钛、氧化钙、氧化镁的方法。将铝土矿样品以四硼酸锂作熔剂，氟化锂作助熔剂，碘化铵作脱模剂高温熔融制备成玻璃熔片，以标准物质和自制标样作校准曲线，在XRF-2400仪上按选定的仪器条件测量强度，按预先建好的校准曲线计算结果，并与化学法进行对照，结果基本一致，方法操作简单、快速，准确度和精密度均达到国家标准方法规定的要求。     

熔融制样–X射线荧光光谱法同时测定铀钼矿中主次成分

采用混合熔剂熔融制样,建立了同时测定铀钼矿中U,Mo,SiO_2,Fe_2O_3,Al_2O_3等的X射线荧光光谱法。以Li_2B_4O_7–LiBO_2作为熔融试剂,NH_4NO_3作为样品的氧化剂,样品与熔剂的质量比为1∶10。除使用铀矿石国家标准物质外,主要选取人工混合校准样品及历年实验室比对的铀钼矿校准样品绘制成工作曲线。采用理论系数法校正样品的基体效应,用Br Kα,Zr Kα,U Lα,Ba Lα,Zn Kα谱线扣除相应元素的谱线重叠干扰。该方法各组分测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于2.0%(n=10);用标准物质验证方法的准确度,测定值相对误差在0.00~8.00%之间,与标准值基本吻合。该法应用于生产实验中,可以满足对铀钼矿准确、快速的测量要求。     

锂锌铁氧体微纳米纤维的电纺制备及吸波性能

采用静电纺丝技术结合后续热处理制备了尖晶石型Li_0.35Zn_0.3Fe_2.35O₄微纳米纤维. 利用差示扫描量热(DSC)-热重分析(TGA)、 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 X射线衍射(XRD)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)等手段研究了煅烧温度(700, 800, 900, 1000 ℃)对产物物相和形貌的影响; 利用矢量网络分析仪分析了纤维状产物的吸波性能. 研究结果表明, Li_0.35Zn_0.3Fe_2.35O₄在700 ℃及以上温度煅烧后可生成单一尖晶石结构. 随着煅烧温度的升高, 产物依次呈现出微纳米纤维状、 三维网络状、 竹节状和颗粒状的微观形貌. 随着匹配厚度增加, 微纳米纤维状Li_0.35Zn_0.3Fe_2.35O₄的最低反射率向低频移动, 在8 GHz以下的最佳匹配厚度为6 mm, 在此厚度下吸波性能优良, 最低反射率为-26 dB, 对应的吸收频率为5.0 GHz, 低于-10 dB的吸收频带为4.0~8.0 GHz, 带宽为4 GHz.     

Investigation of microwave assisted drying of samples and evaporation of aqueous solutions in trace element analysis

Investigations of microwave assisted drying of sample materials and microwave assisted evaporation of aqueous sample solutions and acidic digestion residues were accomplished by means of special rotors for the microwave digestion system MULTIWAVE. To check the results obtained by microwave assisted drying, the samples were also conventionally dried at 105 degrees C in an oven. The following samples have been dried: 10 g each of meat, fish, apple, cucumber, potato, mustard, yogurt, clay and marl; 1 g each of certified reference material TORT 2 (lobster hepatopancreas), BCR 278 (mussel tissue) and BCR 422 (cod muscle); 500 g garden mould. Microwave assisted drying takes 40 min for organic samples and 30 min for inorganic material. Important is a slow increase of microwave power during the first 20 min. The results agree well with conventional drying at 105 degrees C. Losses of As, Se and Hg have been investigated for 3 CRMs. Only Se shows losses in the range of 20%. Losses of As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, Ti, Tl, V and Zn after evaporation of aqueous samples and acidic solutions after wet digestion, respectively, have been investigated. 50 mL aqueous solution was evaporated almost to dryness within 25 min. The recovery of Hg is 40-50%, of Se 90-95% and of the other elements 97-102%. 0.2 g each of TORT 2, BCR 278 and BCR 422 have been digested with 4 mL nitric acid and 1 mL hydrochloric acid by means of the microwave digestion system MULTIWAVE. The digestion residue was evaporated almost to dryness and dissolved again in 10 mL diluted nitric acid. In this case no element losses have been observed. The measured concentration of As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Hg, Pb, Mo, Ni, Se, Sr, V and Zn agree very well with the certified values. An important prerequisite for good recoveries is not to evaporate the solutions to complete dryness.     

CaLa4Si3O13:Eu3+红色荧光粉制备条件优化及助熔剂作用研究

采用高温固相法制备了CaLa4Si3O13:Eu3+红色荧光粉,研究了助熔剂总量、Li和B物质的量之比、烧成温度对发光性能的影响。以Eu3+的5 D0-7 F2发射强度为指标得出的最佳制备条件为:硼锂双助熔剂B和Li物质的量之比为1:1,总量为0.4 mol.mol-1,950℃预烧150 min,1150℃,240 min烧成。硼组分进入晶格置换硅,使晶胞参数a,c和晶胞体积V均逐渐减小,提高电/磁偶极跃迁强度比和总发光强度。助熔剂总量达到0.24 mol.mol-1后,进入基质的硼趋于饱和。硼组分起到助熔剂和基质组分置换双重作用。     

用混合熔剂熔融制样-XRFS法分析铁矿石方法改进的探讨

针对XRFS法分析铁矿石时存在的总铁量及硫量测定结果的不准确问题，作了进一步试验并对方法提出了修改。其要点是采用了加入含钴的四硼酸锂和碳酸锂的混合熔剂熔融试样，并对熔融温度及时作了规定，采用钴的谱线作内标，以及根据总铁量的高低分别采用两条工作曲线。此外，对同时含钒及钛的试样，采用校正方法消除其相互间的干扰，按修改后的方法分析铁矿石试样，结果的准确度和精密度均达到规定要求。     

X射线荧光光谱法同时测定煤焦灰分中主次组分

采用玻璃熔融法制样,选用标准样品及其与其他标准样品的混合物制作工作曲线,并以经验α系数校正元素重叠干扰和基体效应,用X射线荧光光谱法对煤焦灰分中的二氧化硅、氧化钙、氧化镁、氧化铝、氧化锰、二氧化钛和氧化亚铁等7种主次组分进行测定。该法分析结果与化学法测定值相符;对同一样品测定6次,各组分测定值的相对标准偏差在0.11%～5.8%之间。     

Elemental analysis of special materials by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

The special materials like phosphor bronze for P, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sn and Pb; mild steel for P, S, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Nb, Sb and W; special alloys for Ti and Mo, zircaloy and zirconium oxide for Hf; and zircon ore for Zr have been analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRFS). The measured values along with certified values, precision and accuracy have been given for all the elements analyzed. Some of these materials have also been analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), neutron activation analysis (NAA) and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-ES). The analytical data of XRFS are in agreement with the results obtained by AAS-ICP-ES and NAA. In most cases the precision is within ±2% and accuracy is ±4%. The precision and accuracy for S, P, Ni and Hf are poor at low concentrations. Practical low detection limit of about 40 g/g of Hf in zirconium matrix has been achieved. It is established that precise and accurate determination of Ti and Mo in special alloys is possible using XRFS.     

Investigation of microwave assisted drying of samples and evaporation of aqueous solutions in trace element analysis

Investigations of microwave assisted drying of sample materials and microwave assisted evaporation of aqueous sample solutions and acidic digestion residues were accomplished by means of special rotors for the microwave digestion system MULTIWAVE. To check the results obtained by microwave assisted drying, the samples were also conventionally dried at 105?°C in an oven. The following samples have been dried: 10 g each of meat, fish, apple, cucumber, potato, mustard, yogurt, clay and marl; 1 g each of certified reference material TORT 2 (lobster hepatopancreas), BCR 278 (mussel tissue) and BCR 422 (cod muscle); 500 g garden mould. Microwave assisted drying takes 40 min for organic samples and ¶30 min for inorganic material. Important is a slow increase of microwave power during the first 20 min. The results agree well with conventional drying at 105?°C. Losses of As, Se and Hg have been investigated for ¶3 CRMs. Only Se shows losses in the range of 20%. Losses of As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, Ti, Tl, V and Zn after evaporation of aqueous samples and acidic solutions after wet digestion, respectively, have been investigated. 50 mL aqueous solution was evaporated almost to dryness within 25 min. The recovery of Hg is 40–50%, of Se 90–95% and of the other elements 97–102%. 0.2 g each of TORT 2, BCR 278 and BCR 422 have been digested with 4 mL nitric acid and 1 mL hydrochloric acid by means of the microwave digestion system MULTIWAVE. The digestion residue was evaporated almost to dryness and dissolved again in 10 mL diluted nitric acid. In this case no element losses have been observed. The measured concentration of As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Hg, Pb, Mo, Ni, Se, Sr, V and Zn agree very well with the certified values. An important prerequisite for good recoveries is not to evaporate the solutions to complete dryness.