煤焦油重组分沥青质性质分析及对加氢裂化生焦影响的推测

从中/低温煤焦油中切取重组分,提取了重组分C7-沥青质,并以此重组分为原料进行了高压釜加氢实验,通过1H-NMR、XRD、FT-IR、SEM、元素分析和相对分子量测定等手段对重组分沥青质结构参数、官能团、表观形态等方面进行了分析,并将其与加氢过程中生焦情况进行了关联。结果表明,C7-沥青质基本结构单元以稠环芳烃为中心,周围分布少而短的侧链,侧链以小于3个碳的短直链正构烷基为主,相对分子量小,芳香片层没有堆积结构。O是该沥青质中氢键主要来源,大多分布在环氧烷烃和醚类结构中,外围的O数量低,分子间氢键更难形成,结构单元之间缔合性弱,沉积聚合慢而均匀。沥青质中短侧链不易断裂,在反应过程中产生的稠环芳烃自由基少,缩合能力小,使该馏分油生焦能力低,具有较高的加氢潜质。     

渣油在加氢处理中的性质和结构变化规律研究

利用渣油加氢处理中试装置,获得了经过脱金属催化剂、脱硫催化剂和脱氮催化剂的系列渣油加氢处理产物,分析了各产物的性质。随加氢深度增加,硫、氮、残炭、镍和钒在渣油加氢产物中的的质量分数降低,总脱除率分别为84.9%、51.3%、62.8%、84.8%和94.0%。各产物的组分分布发生变化,饱和分组分增加,芳香分、胶质、沥青质组分减少,重组分胶质和沥青质组分的转化分别达到了57.5%和73.3%。以核磁共振为基础计算了渣油加氢产物组分的平均结构参数。结果表明,芳香分和胶质组分单元结构芳香环数和环烷环数减少,芳香碳分率fA、环烷碳分率fN和烷基碳分率fP变化不明显;而沥青质分子fA增加,fN和fP降低。从平均结构参数还可以看出,不同加氢产物同一种组分在结构上有其共性,但不同组分有明显区别。     

委内瑞拉减渣供氢热转化中沥青质结构变化研究

以委内瑞拉减压渣油为原料,在高压反应釜内考察了反应温度425 ℃时不同反应时间下常规热转化与供氢热转化反应前后沥青质的平均相对分子质量、元素组成、氢类型分布及其平均结构参数变化。结果表明,与常规热转化相比,反应时间相同时,供氢热转化过程所得残渣油沥青质平均相对分子质量较低,S/C原子比较低,而H/C原子比及活泼性氢量较高。供氢剂能够在热转化过程中降低残渣油沥青质的芳碳率,提高其环烷碳率及环烷环与芳香环的比值,从而延缓其相分离及生焦过程。     

钌离子催化氧化研究石油沥青质芳香环系结构特征

对四种石油沥青质钌离子催化（RICO）的研究表明，芳羧酸产物中三元以上的芳羧酸主要分布在水相中，二元芳羧酸在水相和有机相中均有分布，而一元芳羧酸完全分布在有机相中。产物甲酯化后利用色谱/质谱检测到苯甲酸甲酯和对苯二甲酸二甲酯，表明沥青质中存在被忽略的联苯型（包括三联苯型）芳香环系的结构，现有沥青质结构模型可能高估了芳香环系的缩合程度。根据RICO氧化分析结果本文计算了沥青质的芳香环系结构特征参数，发现该参数能较好地反映沥青质芳环结构特征，而且与原油成熟度可能存在一定关系。     

渣油重组分沥青质结构分析及其对临氢热反应过程生焦的影响

以塔河常压渣油(THAR)为原料,正己烷为溶剂分离获得重组分C6-沥青质及其脱沥青油,并将所得沥青质回调至脱沥青油中配制成不同沥青质含量的渣油,以此为原料进行了高压釜临氢热反应实验。首先利用元素分析、1H-NM R及13CNM R、GPC分子量测定、FT-IR、XRD及SEM对沥青质的分子结构参数、官能团、晶体结构及表面形貌进行了分析研究。结果表明,该沥青质芳环侧链中长链部分较少且支链化程度较高,并以甲基、乙基、丙基结构为主,其芳香度fA高达0.57,芳环缩合程度及芳香片层结构较大,且芳香环系同时存在迫位缩合和渺位缩合的结构,已经形成连接致密的高芳香度结构。鉴于沥青质结构的复杂性,考察了其含量对临氢热反应过程的影响,结果表明,随着沥青质含量的增加,渣油的转化率逐渐增加,当沥青质含量超过5.12%时,其转化率的增加以快速生成焦炭为代价。另外,渣油中长链脂碳含量f3C与轻质油收率存在一定规律性,即随着f3C增加,轻质油收率先增加后趋于平缓,而残炭值、芳香度fA与焦炭收率表现出良好的线性关系。     

渣油中沥青质分子颗粒尺寸及其胶粒模型研究

分别以苯和硝基苯为溶剂测定了大庆、胜利、孤岛和辽河减压渣油沥青质、胶质和芳香分的分子量；依据球形分子模型计算了这些物质的分子尺寸；构筑了渣油中沥青质胶粒（胶团）模型，并依此计算了渣油中沥青质胶粒尺寸。结果表明，以硝基苯为溶剂所测沥青质分子量更能反应沥青质化学结构的实质；就原始沥青质来说，以苯为溶剂测得的沥青质分子直径为3.8 nm～5.0 nm,以氯代苯为溶剂测得的分子直径为3.2 nm～3.7 nm,以硝基苯为溶剂测得的分子直径为2.8 nm～3.2 nm；辽河、胜利与大庆减压渣油中沥青质的胶粒直径为10.0 nm～11.0 nm，孤岛减压渣油中沥青质的胶粒直径为9.0 nm～10.0 nm。     

煤基和石油基C7-沥青质的结构特征及缔合行为

采用核磁(NMR)、小角散射分析(SAXS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、改进的B-L法等手段,研究了煤基C7-沥青质(CT-asp)和石油基C7-沥青质(M-asp)两类沥青质的化学组成、官能团和分子结构等组成结构特征以及差异性,进而通过极性溶剂中沥青质稳定参数研究两类沥青质的缔合行为和聚集体尺寸以及两者之间的氢键和酸碱作用。结果表明,CT-asp分子芳香环数较少且有较多短烷基侧链,且芳香度较高,较高含量氧杂原子以芳香醚和酚羟基赋存形态为主;而M-asp的芳香核尺寸和平均相对分子质量明显高于CT-asp,芳香环数虽较多且有较多长烷基支链,且芳香度较小;两类沥青质缔合聚集程度关联物质的量比(n_(CT-asp)/n_(M-asp))及其分子结构特征,源于杂原子官能团的氢键和酸碱作用是两类沥青质缔合的主要作用力。     

重质稠环芳烃的固体核磁共振光谱研究

以固体核磁共振光谱为主要分析手段,比较研究了两种合成中间相沥青吡啶不溶组分的结构。结果表明：均四甲苯基中间相沥青吡啶不溶组分具有较低的芳香度和缩合度,富含甲基和环烷结构,分子呈渺位结合实际合构型;与此相反,四氢萘基中间相沥青则呈现很高的芳香度和缩合度,芳环上仅带有一些甲基取代基,平均分子为完全迫位缩合构型,造成这种结构差异的原因在于前驱齐聚物的结构及缩聚程度的不同。     

煤沥青橡胶改质道路沥青老化研究：沥青质结构与官能团变化

利用1H-NMR核磁共振、VPO平均分子量以及IR光谱等分析方法,考察了煤沥青橡胶改质道路沥青中沥青质在老化过程中的结构与官能团变化。用B-L方法计算了沥青质平均结构参数。结果表明,沥青质是由6～7个缩合芳环构成,芳环四周仅含有极少的α、β侧链碳原子与少量N、O、S杂原子。比较老化过程中沥青质H分布与平均结构参数的变化,发现沥青质性质稳定。沥青质平均分子量的变化说明,在高温条件下老化时沥青质分子间发生缩聚反应。老化后羰基官能团的变化,表明沥青质分子间发生缔合作用。     

由沈北-大庆减压渣油制备微晶蜡及其表征

为探讨从沈北-大庆减压渣油生产高熔点微晶蜡的可能性,对其进行了丙烷、异丁烷溶剂脱沥青,以脱沥青油为原料,通过溶剂精制、溶剂脱蜡脱油制得微晶蜡。采用气相色谱、凝胶渗透色谱、红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱等分析手段,对微晶蜡的碳数分布、分子量分布及分子结构进行了表征。所得微晶蜡的滴熔点满足80号-85号微晶蜡要求,微晶蜡潜质量分数约为10%;轻脱沥青油所得微晶蜡的碳数分布在23-68;微晶蜡的数均分子量为1200-1600,氢碳原子比在1.95-1.98变化;微晶蜡的主要组成是含长碳链的饱和烷烃,异构烷烃约占70%,含少量环烷环结构,不含芳香环。微晶蜡的平均分子结构可看作是带不同长度与个数的长侧链的含1个或2个环的环烷烃。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.