半花菁染料用于分子影像的研究进展

分子影像广泛用于基本的生物学过程研究,众多疾病诊断、治疗策略设计以及疗效评估.半花菁染料具有良好的光物理性质、生物相容性和对生物系统的低毒性,是一种比较理想的生物成像试剂.近年来,出现了大量基于半花菁染料的探针用于分子成像的研究工作.该文系统地介绍了基于半花菁染料的探针用于荧光和多模态成像的研究进展,详细地介绍了这些可...     

肿瘤微环境刺激响应型上转换光动力诊疗体系的构建和发展

光动力治疗是一种新型的非侵入式肿瘤治疗方法,具有创伤性和毒性小、选择性好、无耐药性、可重复治疗等突出优点,在癌症的治疗上取得了显著的成效.为了增加光动力治疗的组织穿透深度,研究者提出构建基于上转换纳米颗粒（upconversion nanoparticles,UCNPs）的光动力诊疗探针（简称上转换光动力诊疗探针）.基于发光共振能量转移过程,上转换光动力诊疗探针利用UCNPs在近红外光激发下发射的荧光激活负载的光敏剂发挥光动力疗效,有助于实现深层肿瘤的治疗.新型的上转换光动力诊疗探针通过多功能一体化的结构组合设计可以实现靶向运输、成像诊断以及刺激响应的按需治疗,是未来纳米医药发展的必然趋势.目前,研究者越来越关注构建基于肿瘤微环境刺激响应型上转换光动力诊疗体系,以提高治疗体系的靶向性,改善光动力治疗效果,并减小对周围正常组织的毒性.本工作主要讨论了基于pH、酶及过氧化氢刺激响应型上转换光动力诊疗体系的构建和发展,并对其发展前景进行了展望.     

3-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺全水溶性次氯酸荧光探针及其应用

利用二甲基硫代氨基甲酸酯对次氯酸(HOCl)的特异性和吡啶盐的水溶性,以4-羟基异苯并呋喃-1,3-二酮作为原料,设计合成了一种检测HOCl的全水溶性激发态分子内质子转移(ESIPT)荧光探针.由于二甲氨基硫代甲酸酯对羟基的保护,探针分子内的ESIPT作用被阻碍,自身无荧光;当加入HOCl时,HOCl氧化二甲氨基硫代甲...     

一种花菁染料-表面活性剂水溶液体系的电子吸收光谱和荧光光谱的研究

本文报道了N,N'-二甲基硫代花菁染料与十二烷基硫酸钠水溶液体系的电子吸收光谱和荧光光谱, 应用Kasha的分子激光理论讨论了光谱特征与染料聚集状态的联系, 给出了这一体系中分子聚集状态变化的清晰     

一种花菁染料-表面活性剂水溶液体系的电子吸收光谱和荧光光谱的研究

本文报道了N,N′一二甲基硫代花菁染料与十二烷基硫酸钠水溶液体系的电子吸收光谱和荧光光谱,应用Kasha的分子激子理论讨论了光谱特征与染料聚集状态的联系,给出了这一体系中分子聚集状态变化的清晰图象。     

荧光素衍生物作为Hg2+比色/荧光双模式检测探针及其荧光成像

合成并表征了一种荧光素衍生物——硫代异氰酸苯酯荧光素(FHBS);采用紫外-可见光谱和荧光光谱,在乙醇/4-羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸(HEPES)(体积比1∶1,pH=7.0)溶液中,研究了FHBS作为检测探针对Hg2+的识别性能.结果表明,该探针对Hg2+具有高选择性和灵敏性,其它阴、阳离子的存在不干扰其对汞离子的测定.另外,Hg2+的加入使探针溶液从无色变为亮黄色,荧光从无色变为亮绿色,因此该探针为Hg2+的比色/荧光双模式探针,并可用于细胞的荧光成像.     

二硫代酯的单晶结构及荧光性能的研究(英文)

合成了两种单晶化合物二硫代酯1 和2,并对其经行了表征.二硫代酯1属于单斜晶系,空间群是P21/n; 二硫代酯2属于正交晶系,空间群是Pbca.此外,分别研究了两种二硫代酯在液态和固态中的荧光性能,发现二硫代酯1和2在乙腈溶剂中有很强的荧光,而在固体状态下没有荧光.这可能是由于在固态下分子间的堆积造成了荧光团发生迅速的π-π碰撞,从而导致荧光的自身淬灭.     

近红外二区有机小分子荧光探针

荧光成像凭借灵敏度高、特异性强等诸多优势在重大疾病的诊疗领域发挥着重要作用.然而传统的近红外一区（NIR-I,700~900 nm）荧光成像存在组织穿透性差等问题,限制了其临床应用.近红外二区（NIR-II,1000~1700 nm）荧光成像可以极大地减弱生物组织对光的吸收、散射和自发荧光,从而显著提升成像深度及成像效果.在众多NIR-II荧光探针中,有机小分子由于具有毒性低、代谢快等优点正成为该领域的研究热点.作者以近年来NIR-II有机小分子荧光探针的发展为主体,概括了提升探针荧光量子产率的策略,分别就可激活型、多模态成像型和诊疗一体化型NIR-II荧光探针进行分类讨论,系统介绍了近年来该领域内的研究成果,并针对NIR-II荧光探针未来的发展进行了展望.     

透明质酸纳米材料在荧光/光声成像和光疗中的应用

荧光/光声成像和光疗技术的生物医学应用引起了人们越来越多的关注, 然而很多荧光/光声造影剂存在生物相容性较差, 缺乏肿瘤靶向性, 信噪比较低, 功能单一等共性问题, 严重限制其诊疗应用. 透明质酸具有优异的生物相容性和主动肿瘤靶向性, 可被透明质酸酶降解, 并且易于化学修饰和实现多种超分子弱相互作用力协同工作. 因此, 人们将透明质酸与荧光/光声造影剂结合制备纳米材料, 使其在细胞乃至活体的标记性能和治疗效果获得了很大的改善. 本文综述了将两类物质结合制备纳米材料的方法, 着重阐述了纳米材料的结构与性能关系, 为其未来设计和开发提供了指导, 最后对存在的主要问题以及未来的重要研究方向进行了分析和展望.     

半导体共轭聚合物光学探针的设计及在自发光成像和光声成像中的应用

光学成像因其无侵袭性、高时空分辨率和高灵敏度在生物医学领域得到迅速发展.光学成像中自发光成像包括化学发光成像和长余辉成像不需实时光激发,避免了自发荧光的影响,可以得到较高的灵敏度和信噪比.光声成像则是将光信号通过热膨胀转化为声信号,避免了光散射的影响,具有较高的组织穿透深度.本文针对半导体共轭聚合物光学探针在自发光成像和光声成像技术中的应用进行综述,重点介绍了半导体共轭聚合物光学探针用于增强自发光成像、光声成像的信号强度的设计策略,以及响应型光声探针的设计原理.阐述了通过降低光学探针与发光底物之间的能隙等策略增强自发光成像信号强度,通过淬灭荧光或加速热扩散等策略放大光声信号,以及通过特异性生物分子识别或相互作用激活的响应型光声探针的具体研究成果.最后,对半导体共轭聚合物光学探针在光学成像领域存在的挑战和前景进行了展望.     

光笼分子与材料研究进展

光笼(photocage)是一种用于光控释放的光敏物质, 是以物理和化学等方法将目标释放物与光敏基团及其他功能基团结合形成的对光敏感的物质, 在指定波段的光照射线下, 光笼能够实现目标物的可控释放. 因其具备时空调控、操作简单、易于控制、可修饰性强和对机体损伤小等优点, 使其广泛应用在化学、生物学、材料学和医学等领域. 本综述介绍并讨论了近10年光笼分子与材料在光控释放金属离子、气体、荧光物质、氨基酸、多肽、酶、蛋白质、药物等目标物的研究进展.     

PLGA Nanoparticles Decorated with Anti-HER2 Affibody for Targeted Delivery and Photoinduced Cell Death

The effect of enhanced permeability and retention is often not sufficient for highly effective cancer therapy with nanoparticles, and the development of active targeted drug delivery systems based on nanoparticles is probably the main direction of modern cancer medicine. To meet the challenge, we developed polymer PLGA nanoparticles loaded with fluorescent photosensitive xanthene dye, Rose Bengal, and decorated with HER2-recognizing artificial scaffold protein, affibody Z_HER2:342. The obtained 170 nm PLGA nanoparticles possess both fluorescent and photosensitive properties. Namely, under irradiation with the green light of 540 nm nanoparticles, they produced reactive oxygen species leading to cancer cell death. The chemical conjugation of PLGA with anti-HER2 affibody resulted in the selective binding of nanoparticles only to HER2-overexpressing cancer cells. HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that belongs to the EGFR/ERbB family and is overexpressed in 30% of breast cancers, thus serving as a clinically relevant oncomarker. However, the standard targeting molecules such as full-size antibodies possess serious drawbacks, such as high immunogenicity and the need for mammalian cell production. We believe that the developed affibody-decorated targeted photosensitive PLGA nanoparticles will provide new solutions for ongoing problems in cancer diagnostics and treatment, as well in cancer theranostics.     

Cholesteric polymer guest-host mixture with circularly polarized fluorescence: two ways for phototuning of polarization and its intensity

A photosensitive fluorescent cholesteric guest-host mixture consisting of a nematic polyacrylate, a chiral, photochromic dopant sensitive to UV light, and a fluorescent dopant was prepared. The nematic polyacrylate contains 4-phenyl-4'-methoxybenzoate nematogenic side groups and photochromic 4-cyanoazobenzene side groups. The chiral-photochromic dopant formed by isosorbide and cinnamic acid is capable of E-Z photoisomerization and [2 + 2] photo-cycloaddition under light irradiation. The planarly oriented films possess a selective light reflection in the visible spectral region coinciding with the emission peak of the fluorescent dopant. The fluorescence emitted by the planarly oriented films of the mixture is strongly circularly polarized and characterized by a large value of the dis-symmetry factor. At temperatures below glass transition (T(g)) the polarized light action of an Ar(+) laser (488 nm) leads to the photo-orientation of the azobenzene fragments resulting in a strong and reversible disruption of the selective reflection and a decrease of the dis-symmetry factor of fluorescence. UV irradiation leads to E-Z isomerization and/or [2 + 2] cycloaddition of the chiral-photochromic dopant, causing an irreversible shift of the maximum of the dis-symmetry factor to a long-wavelength spectral region under subsequent annealing at temperatures higher than T(g). Such multifunctional glass-forming guest-host mixtures combining photosensitive and fluorescent properties with the unique optical properties of cholesteric liquid crystals can be considered as promising material for optical data processing technologies and photonic applications.     

Simple Peptide‐Tuned Self‐Assembly of Photosensitizers towards Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy

Peptide‐tuned self‐assembly of functional components offers a strategy towards improved properties and unique functions of materials, but the requirement of many different functions and a lack of understanding of complex structures present a high barrier for applications. Herein, we report a photosensitive drug delivery system for photodynamic therapy (PDT) by a simple dipeptide‐ or amphiphilic amino‐acid‐tuned self‐assembly of photosensitizers (PSs). The assembled nanodrugs exhibit multiple favorable therapeutic features, including tunable size, high loading efficiency, and on‐demand drug release responding to pH, surfactant, and enzyme stimuli, as well as preferable cellular uptake and biodistribution. These features result in greatly enhanced PDT efficacy in vitro and in vivo, leading to almost complete tumor eradication in mice receiving a single drug dose and a single exposure to light.     

New reactions, functional compounds, and materials in the series of coumarin and its analogs

Data on the development of new functional compounds and materials based on the study of the reactions of coumarin and its analogs are generalized. Since coumarin derivatives are characterized by enhanced photochemically activity, special attention is given to the synthesis of photosensitive compounds and materials with intense fluorescence, including the structures capable of changing fluorescence under the action of various factors: solvent, pH of the medium, and interaction with bioorganic substrates. Pathways for design of fluorescent polymethine dyes, fluorescent labels for proteins, fluorescent photochromes, and photoacids for optical data storage with fluorescence read-out are reviewed. The role of isomerization transformations of the new compounds in their sensorial effects is established.     

Rose bengal-grafted biodegradable microcapsules: singlet-oxygen generation and cancer-cell incapacitation

Rose bengal-grafted chitosan (RB-CHI), synthesized through dehydration between amino and carboxyl functional groups under mild conditions, was coated onto the outer layer of preformed biodegradable microcapsules consisting of sodium alginate and chitosan. The fabricated photosensitive microcapsules were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The assembled materials maintained intact spherical morphology and thus showed good ability to form thin films. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy allowed direct observation of the generation of singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) from photosensitive microcapsules under light excitation at about 545 nm. Furthermore, with increasing light radiation, the content of (1)O(2) increased, as detected by a chemical probe. In vitro cellular toxicity assays showed that RB-CHI-coated photosensitive microcapsules exhibit good biocompatibility in darkness and high cytotoxicity after irradiation, and could provide new photoresponsive drug-delivery vehicles.     

Synthesis of photochromic liquid-crystalline triblock copolymers by pseudoliving reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization

Symmetric photosensitive fully liquid-crystalline triblock copolymers are synthesized by pseudo-living reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer radical polymerization for the first time. The polymerization of 3-[methyl(phenyl)amino]propyl acrylate mediated by three different symmetric trithiocarbonates with various leaving groups is studied. It is shown that reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer agents make it possible to synthesize narrowly dispersed homopolymers with controlled molecular masses. Poly[(3-[methyl(phenyl)amino]propyl acrylate) trithiocarbonates] are used as polymeric reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer agents in the block copolymerization of the phenyl benzoate acrylic monomer. The chemical modification of block copolymers yields desirable photosensitive triblock copolymers containing azobenzene groups. The effect of the molecular structure of triblock copolymers on their phase behavior and thermal properties is examined.     

Study of the absorption and emission spectroscopy of "A-B" type photosensitive compounds including two-photon chromophore and benzophenone moiety

"A-B" type photosensitive compounds including two-photon chromophore and benzophenone moiety have been designed, synthesized and characterized. The UV-vis absorption and fluorescence emission of the compounds have been extensively studied in various solvents. The results show that the absorption of "A-B" type compounds displays obvious double absorption bands, one of which at short-wavelength is related to the benzophenone moiety, the other at long-wavelength is mainly contributed by chromophore. The emission of "A-B" type compounds at 500-700nm shows an "unexpected" blue-shift comparing with that of the sole chromophore. The photosensitive compounds with amino group display strong emission in apolar solvents and have a low fluorescence quantum yields in polar solvents. In contrast, the compounds without amino group exhibit strong fluorescence emission in polar solvents, and low fluorescence quantum yields in apolar solvents. The fluorescence quantum yields of "A-B" type compounds are higher than those of the sole chromophore. The discoveries suggest that charge redistribution induced by the introduction of benzophenone moiety plays a key role on the absorption and emission spectroscopy.     

双重作用机制卟啉靶向给药体系的研究进展

近年来卟啉化学研究的一个新热点是,依据卟啉类化合物在肿瘤细胞优先集聚的特点,将其作为携带剂介导现有抗癌药物,实现靶向给药,同时利用卟啉的光敏性,实现分子内加和增效,合成具有化学杀伤和光动力杀伤双重活性的卟啉-抗癌药物体系。本文主要就双重作用机制卟啉靶向给药体系的研究进展进行综述。     

Synthesis of a caged glutamate for efficient one- and two-photon photorelease on living cells

We have synthesized a biologically inert, photosensitive derivative of the major excitatory amino acid, L-glutamate (which we call MDNI-glu) that makes more efficient use of incident light than all other caged glutamates. Laser flash photolysis of MDNI-glu in acutely isolated hippocampal brain slices evoked a rapid increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration in astrocytes.