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1.
纯化对三元无皂共聚胶粒性质的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以离子交换和高速离心两方法纯化含不同功能基的三元无皂共聚胶乳,用TEM和电导滴定检测比较了以上两方法的纯化效果,同时考察了这两种纯化方法对三元无皂胶粒形态,大小及表面功能其量的影响。研究发现,只有通过多次离心-倾析-再分散过程才能将胶乳所有杂质除去。离子交换和离心纯化不影响胶粒形态大小,而离心纯化使粒表面功能其量发生显著变化。 相似文献
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用表面增强拉曼光谱研究BMAT对不锈钢的缓蚀机理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
应用表面增强拉曼散射光谱(SERS)技术,研究0.5%HCl体系中缓蚀剂在18-8不锈钢表面的吸附。谱图是在不锈钢表面电沉积不连续Ag颗粒条件下测得的。缓蚀剂BMAT通过电极表面与缓蚀剂中的N原子,以及苯并咪唑环的共轭大π键形成化学吸附,BMAT斜卧于电极表面。其烯丙基起到空间的阻碍的作用。 相似文献
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活性碳纤维ZnO—SACF的制备及其对Ag^+的氧化还原吸附 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
制备了含有ZnO的活性碳纤维ZnO-SACF,借助AAS,WAXD和SEM探讨了ZnO-SACF对Ag^+的氧化还原吸附特性,并考察了ZnO在氧化还原中的作用。结果表明,ZnO-SACF比SACF具有对Ag^+更高的氧化还原吸附量。外加ZnO的实验发现,ZnO本身并不吸附Ag^+,但却参与氧化还原反应,中和氧化还原体系所释放出的H^+,提高了体系的PH值,可以认为,PH值的提高有利于SACF电极电 相似文献
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Ga^3+的新萃取体系的界面特性和胶团化作用研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了Ga~(3+)协萃体系(Ga~(3+)-D_2EHPA-H_2MPA-正十二烷-H_2SO_4)的界面吸附和胶团形成热力学,发现该萃取体系中[H_2MPA]影响D_2EHPA和H_2MPA的界面吸附性质。在中、高[H_2MPA]范围内D_2EHPA与H_2MPA的界面吸附行为相反,D_2EHPA的存在也影响H_2MPA的界面吸附行为。研究了界面张力与各因素关系的数学模型,并获得某些胶团形成和界面吸附特性的物化参数。 相似文献
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负载型双氯基桥联双核钼(Ⅴ)催化剂的合成、表征及其催化合成碳酸乙烯酯的性能 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用表面反应改性法合成了MoOCl/SiO2催化剂。分析测定结果表明:钼(Ⅴ)离子夺SiO2表面以双齿配位形式与表面氧刍合;双核钼(Ⅴ)间以u-双氯基桥联。用IR,TPD,TPSR-MS和TPSR-IR研究了MoOCl/SiO2催化剂对CO2与EO(环氧乙烷)的化学吸附特性及催化合成EC(碳酸乙烯酯)的反应性能。结果表明:CO2在催化剂表面形成桥式吸附态,桥基配体是表面反应的活性中心;EO在催化剂表 相似文献
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固定化青霉素酰化酶新型载体PEI/SiO2的制备及其特性 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
通过γ-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷的媒介, 将聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)化学偶联在硅胶微粒表面, 制备了固定化青霉素酰化酶的新型复合载体PEI/SiO2, 最终制得了活性高且稳定性好的固定化青霉素酰化酶. 通过测定复合载体表面PEI的偶合量, 考察了各种反应条件对复合载体制备的影响规律; 通过红外光谱与电导滴定法测定, 对复合载体表面的化学结构与组成进行了表征; 为探索复合载体PEI/SiO2固定化酶的作用机理, 测定了复合载体在固定化酶前的ζ电位. 研究结果表明, 通过氯丙基硅烷偶联剂的媒介, 聚胺大分子PEI可以充分地被化学偶联在SiO2表面, 键合量可达到15%. 偶联反应的适宜条件: 反应温度90-94 ℃; 反应时间5h; PEI的质量浓度0.45-0.50 g/mL. 由于PEI分子链中含有大量氨基, 少量的共价键联与大量的物理吸附相结合, 既可使青霉素酰化酶被快速稳定地固定化, 又能很好地保持酶的构象, 使其具有较高的催化活性与活力回收率, 而且具有良好的连续操作稳定性, 重复使用15次, 固定化酶的活性可稳定地保持在初活性的87.5%水平上. 相似文献
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Yi-Ming Sun Chun-Wen Yu Huang-Chien Liang Jyh-Ping Chen 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2013,34(3):907-920
Poly(methyl methacrylate-co-N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-acryloxysuccin-imide) (poly(MMA/NIPAAni/NAS)) latex particles were prepared by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization. The latex particles could reversibly flocculate and disperse when the solution temperature was kept above and below the characteristic lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The LCST of the latex dispersion could be adjusted lower or higher by increasing or decreasing, respectively, the ionic strength of the solution.α-Amylase was immobilized onto the latex particles by reacting with the succinimide groups on NAS. It was demonstrated that the ct-amylase immobilized latex particles could be separated by thermoflocculation. After 5 repeated thermocycles, 83 % of the latex particles could be recovered, and the apparent enzymatic activity could be retained as high as 78percnt;. 相似文献
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Braga M da Silva Md Cardoso AH Galembeck F 《Journal of colloid and interface science》2000,228(1):171-177
Latex exposure to solvent vapors leads to highly specific changes in latex stability as well as on the morphologies of the particle association products, depending on the latex and solvent used. Examples of solvent vapor-induced aggregation are given: surface films are obtained on two PS latexes; in one case, the film surface is mirror-reflective and very flat, as evidenced by AFM. Another PS latex coagulates under exposure to acetone vapors, and the morphologies of the coagula are highly sensitive to the exposure conditions. This latex yields a highly porous foam-like structure, in which particles are strongly coalesced but form percolating patches around the pores. The same latex but under other conditions produces a coagulum of large numbers of aggregated particles with a raspberry-like morphology. Density centrifugation experiments show that the effect of solvents on different latex fractions is not uniform, and some fractions show larger density changes than others, thus evidencing a variability in their swelling ability. Copyright 2000 Academic Press. 相似文献
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Mamoru Yasui Toshifumi Shiroya Keiji Fujimoto Haruma Kawaguchi 《Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces》1997,8(6):267-319
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)s (PNIPAMs) carboxylated at one chain end or both ends were prepared by polymerization using 4,4-azobis(N,N,-cyanopentanoic acid) (V-501) as an initiator and β-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) as a chain transfer reagent. One end group of PNIPAM carboxylated at both ends was conjugated with latex particles, and another with trypsin using carbodiimide. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed that PNIPAM on the particles exhibited a drastic phase transition, and that the transition temperature was largely elevated when the enzyme was immobilized at the chain end. Therefore, PNIPAM on the particles showed two phase transitions because of the coexistence of the enzyme-conjugated and non-conjugated PNIPAMs. The activity of trypsin immobilized on the particles with the PNIPAM spacer showed significant temperature dependence. The apparent relative activity increased above the transition temperature of non enzyme-conjugated PNIPAM on the particles. One of the reasons for this is that the diffusion of the substrate changed discontinuously around the transition temperature. Therefore, the temperature dependence of the enzymatic activity was significantly affected by the molecular size of the substrates. The enzymatic activity was also influenced by the surface density of trypsin and PNIPAM on the particle, and the molecular weight of the PNIPAM spacer. 相似文献
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Yong‐Zhong Du Masato Kodaka 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2005,43(3):562-574
A novel biotinylated and enzyme‐immobilized nanobio device was prepared with heterobifunctional composite latex particles. Hemispherical poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐divinylbenzene)/polystyrene [P(GMA‐DVB)/PSt] particles with epoxy and hydroxyl groups were prepared by soap‐free seeded emulsion polymerization with P(GMA‐DVB) seed particles. Hydroxyl groups were introduced to PSt chain terminals in the seeded stage by adding 2‐mercaptoethanol as a chain‐transfer agent. To obtain the desired hemispherical structure particles, we studied the effects of the preswelling process, the type and amount of solvents added in the seeded polymerization step, the weight ratio of the secondary monomer (styrene) to the seed particle (M/P), and the type of initiators. Under suitable conditions, heterobifunctional P(GMA‐DVB)/PSt was obtained, which was confirmed by observing the binding of streptavidin–colloidal gold with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To obtain biotinylated and enzyme‐immobilized particles, 5‐(N‐succinimidyloxycarbonyl)pentyl D‐biotinamide was first reacted with the hydroxyl group on the PSt domain of the particle. Pyruvate kinase (PK) was then directly immobilized to the biotinylated particles through a reaction with the epoxy group in the PGMA domain. The monolayer of PK on the latex particle surface was considered to be formed by covalent binding. The activity of immobilized PK was almost conserved, even after being stored at 4 °C for 48 days. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 562–574, 2005 相似文献
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The homobifunctional crosslinker 1,4‐phenylene diisothiocyanate (PDC) was coupled to amine‐terminated magnetic particles, and human IgG, streptavidin, protein G and protein A were immobilized on the activated magnetic particles. The coupling of PDC to the amine‐terminated magnetic particles was completed in 10 min, and 1 mg of activated magnetic particles was able to immobilize 95 (g of protein G, 120 µg of protein A, 160 µg of streptavidin and 280 µg of IgG. Ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and electron micrography were used to characterize the functional particles. The results indicated that PDC was successfully coupled to the surface of the amine‐terminated magnetic particles, and the proteins were effectively immobilized on their surface. The activity of protein G immobilized on the activated magnetic particles was confirmed by its ability to purify IgG from plasma. 相似文献
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Electrokinetic behavior and colloidal stability of polystyrene latex coated with ionic surfactants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jódar-Reyes AB Ortega-Vinuesa JL Martín-Rodríguez A 《Journal of colloid and interface science》2006,297(1):170-181
This work is focused on analyzing the electrokinetic behavior and colloidal stability of latex dispersions having different amounts of adsorbed ionic surfactants. The effects of the surface charge sign and value, and the type of ionic surfactant were examined. The analysis of the electrophoretic mobility (mu(e)) versus the electrolyte concentration up to really high amounts of salt, much higher than in usual studies, supports the colloidal stability results. In addition, useful information to understand the adsorption isotherms was obtained by studying mu(e) versus the amount of the adsorbed surfactant. Aggregation studies were carried out using a low-angle light scattering technique. The critical coagulation concentrations (ccc) of the particles were obtained for different surfactant coverage. For latex particles covered by ionic surfactants, the electrostatic repulsion was, in general, the main contribution to the colloidal stability of the system; however, steric effects played an important role in some cases. For latices with not very high colloidal stability, the adsorption of ionic surfactants always improved the colloidal stability of the dispersion above certain coverage, independently of the sign of both, latex and surfactant charge. This was in agreement with higher mobility values. Several theoretical models have been applied to the electrophoretic mobility data in order to obtain different interfacial properties of the complexes (i.e., zeta potential and density charge of the surface charged layer). 相似文献
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J. L. Guillaume C. Pichot J. Guillot 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1990,28(1):137-152
Emulsion terpolymerization of styrene (S), butylacrylate (BuA) and sodium acrylamido undecanoate (AUNa), a surface active functional monomer have been carried out using a batch process in the presence of sodium 4-4′-azobiscyanopentanoate as initiator. Varying the AUNa concentration, stable particles bearing only carboxylic charges have been produced with diameters ranging from 200 to 500 nm at solids content as high as 40%. However a low AUNa yield at the particle surface has been found (30–35%), which could be explained by very unfavorable reactivity ratios of AUNa with S and BuA. Most of the AUNa seems to be wasted in the water phase (unpolymerized and forming hydrosoluble chains). Furthermore, a concentration of AUNa higher than 10?2 mol L?1 results in the latex destabilization, presumably caused by the formation of a large amount of polyelectrolytes. Kinetic studies of the AUNa consumption show that the AUNa is mainly fixed at the particle surface between 90 and 100% conversion, which indicates that the AUNa is mainly polymerized in the water phase and not at the particle surface. An attempt has been made to increase the surface charge density by polymerizing a shell of AUNa/S/BuA on a seed latex. It turned out to be unsuccessful (low surface yield, formation of new particles). 相似文献
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Silvina Rossi Carmen Lorenzo-Ferreira Julio Battistoni Abdelhamid Elaïssari Christian Pichot Thierry Delair 《Colloid and polymer science》2004,282(3):215-222
Monodisperse cationic core-shell latex particles have been prepared using a shot polymerization process, with N-(3-aminopropyl)-methacrylamide-hydrochloride (APMH) as the functional monomer. The final latexes were characterized with respect to final polymerization conversion, water soluble polymer formation, particle size and size distribution, surface charge density and electrokinetic properties. Then the covalent grafting of maleic anhydride-alt-methyl vinyl ether (MAMVE) copolymer onto aminated latex particles was investigated. The most efficient conditions to obtain derivatised particles with no alteration of the colloidal stability were to control both polymer amount/latex particles concentration ratio and the mixing method of the two species. The charge inversion of the hydrolysed MAMVE functionalized particles was demonstrated by measuring the electrophoretic mobility as a function of pH. Finally, the covalent binding approach was implemented with peptide-MAMVE conjugates, confirming the great potential of this promising methodology for the preparation of reactive latex particles bearing peptides. 相似文献
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The formation mechanism of monodisperse polymer latex particles in the emulsifier-free emulsion polymerizationof methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate with potassium persulfate as initiator was investigated. A multi-step formationmechanism for the monodisperse polymer particles was proposed. The nucleation mechanism is considered to be thecoagulation of the precursor particles by homogeneous nucleation when the primary particles reach a critical size with highsurface charge density and sufficient stability. It had been proved by a special experiment that the early latex particles formedby the coagulation were stable. The primary particles grow by absorbing monomers and radicals in the polymerization systemand then become colloidally unstable again due to the understandable decrease of particle surface charge density, which leadsto the aggregation of the growing particles and the formation of larger latex pedicles therefrom. Aner the nucleation period,the preferential aggregation of the smaller particles in the propagation process leads to the change of the particles towards auniform size and narrower particle size distribution. The coexistence and competition of homogeneous nucleation,coagulation, propagation and aggregation result in the increase of the polydispersity index (U = D_(43)/D_(10)) in the first Stage,then its decrease in the later stage because of the competition of propagation and aggregation, and the gradual formation ofthe monodisperse particles. 相似文献