Cu含量对Ni-Cu-P化学镀层组织结构和性能影响

利用化学镀法制备出Ni-Cu-P合金镀层,研究了镀液中CuSO4·5H2O含量对合金镀层沉积速率和成分的影响. 通过XRD和SEM表征了不同CuSO4·5H2O质量浓度下Ni-Cu-P合金镀层的组织结构和表面形貌,运用极化曲线评价了合金镀层在质量分数为3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性能. 结果表明,随着镀液中CuSO4·5H2O质量浓度的增加,镀层沉积速率和P含量不断下降,Ni-P镀层中P的质量分数为14.98%. 当镀液中CuSO4·5H2O质量浓度为1.0 g/L时,P的质量分数为4.21%;镀层中Cu的含量随着镀液中CuSO4·5H2O含量的增加而增加. 当添加量为1.0 g/L时,镀层中Cu的质量分数达19.04%;镀层的结晶度随着Cu含量的上升不断增大,Cu的加入使镀层的表面形貌更加光滑;镀层的耐蚀性能随着镀液中CuSO4·5H2O含量的增加先上升后下降,当镀液中CuSO4·5H2O质量浓度为0.4 g/L时,Ni-Cu-P镀层表现出最优的耐蚀性能.     

氧化石墨烯改性粘胶纤维复合材料的制备及对水中甲基橙的吸附性能研究

以粘胶纤维(VF)为原料，氢氧化钠为催化剂，氯乙酸钠为改性剂，对粘胶纤维进行羧甲基改性，制备了改性阴离子粘胶纤维(AVF)。以阴离子粘胶纤维为原料，聚乙烯亚胺为交联剂，氧化石墨烯(GO)为改性剂，采用高压反应釜在高温条件下制备了氧化石墨烯改性粘胶纤维复合材料(VF-g-GO),并通过IR、SEM、XPS对产品进行表征，证明VF-g-GO制备成功。三因素三水平正交实验结果表明：VF-g-GO的最佳合成条件是反应温度140℃、聚乙烯亚胺添加量3g、氧化石墨烯添加量0.25g。吸附实验结果表明：VF-g-GO对甲基橙的吸附量随溶液浓度的增加而增大，VF-g-GO在2.0×10^-4mol/L的甲基橙溶液中达到饱和吸附量87mg/g。同时VF-g-GO具有pH敏感性，经过pH=5盐酸溶液酸化处理的VF-g-GO对甲基橙的吸附量明显高于未经盐酸处理的VF-g-GO的吸附量。吸附动力学和吸附等温线实验表明：VF-g-GO对甲基橙的吸附符合准二级动力学方程，Freundlich吸附模型更能解释VF-g-GO对甲基橙的吸附作用。     

庚醛改性壳聚糖的制备及其对酚类化合物的吸附性能

在相转移催化剂存在下由庚醛与壳聚糖反应生成Schiff's碱,再用NaBH4 还原制备了N-烷基化壳聚糖衍生物,改性壳聚糖(CTS)产物的结构用FTIR和XRD进行了表征,研究了它对2,4-二氯酚的吸附性能. 考察了吸附时间、溶液pH值、2,4-二氯酚浓度和改性剂用量等因素对吸附的影响. 结果表明,改性CTS具有较好的抗酸碱性能;溶液的pH值对吸附的影响较大,在pH=6.0,吸附2 h时对2,4-二氯酚的吸附量最大,酚浓度对吸附的影响符合Freundlich吸附等温方程;改性壳聚糖对2,4-二氯酚的吸附性能明显优于未改性的CTS,对质量浓度为0.6 g/L的2,4-二氯酚溶液的吸附量分别为70.0和7.7 mg/g.     

PAEA纳米纤维膜的制备及除铬性能研究

采用静电纺丝法制备聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维膜,再以乙二胺为改性剂对PAN纳米纤维膜进行化学处理,制备出具有氨基的改性PAN纳米纤维膜(PAEA).通过扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、水接触角等对其物理化学性质进行表征并研究其对重金属离子Cr(VI)的吸附能力.结果表明:PAN在水浴温度95°C,水热时间2 h条件下改性后,纤维直径明显变粗且有一定的弯曲.由FTIR分析发现改性后的PAN在3050～3300 cm-1范围内出现了特征峰,并且水接触角减小为44.7°,说明成功地将PAN纳米纤维膜改性为含有亲水性―NH2基团的PAEA纳米纤维膜.除铬实验表明:在pH=2时,吸附约10 h后达到最佳除铬效果,吸附量可达175.94 mg/g.这种膜材料在使用后经稀NaOH溶液洗涤后,能够重复使用,循环4次后仍能保持70%左右的去除率,在处理重金属离子方面具有非常大的潜力.     

多孔氧化铜空心微球的一步法制备及其光催化性能

采用一步法成功制备出多孔氧化铜空心微球,用SEM、XRD和FTIR对制得的样品进行了表征。研究发现,碳源、反应温度、反应时间、CuSO4浓度等实验条件在多孔微球的制备过程中起着重要作用。在实验结果的基础上,提出了多孔氧化铜空心微球的形成机理。制备的多孔氧化铜空心微球的比表面积为409 m2.g-1,平均孔径为3.15 nm,总孔体积为0.256 cm3.g-1,这种空心微球具有量子尺寸效应并对罗丹明B有较高的光催化性能。     

硫代酰胺基螯合纤维的合成及其吸附性能研究

以腈纶纤维(PAN)为起始原料,分别经水合肼、乙二胺、二乙烯三胺预交联后,以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)作溶剂与硫化钠反应,合成了3种携硫代酰胺功能基可达6.8mmol/g·干纤维的螯合功能纤维。利用红外光谱、元素分析、热稳定分析、重量分析等对该螯合纤维的结构、性能等进行了表征;研究了该螯合纤维对Au3 ,Ag ,Pd2 等贵金属离子的吸附性能;考察了温度、pH、硫含量等对纤维吸附Ag 离子的影响。结果表明,纤维对Au3 ,Ag 等贵金属离子具有良好的吸附性能,对Au3 的吸附容量为800mg/g·干纤维;对Ag 离子的吸附容量可达1510mg/g·干纤维,并具有良好的吸附动力学特性,该螯合纤维可用于混合溶液中Ag(I)离子的吸附分离。     

K_2FeO_4的合成及对含苯酚水溶液中重金属离子的去除性能（英文）

以次氯酸钙和九水硝酸铁为原料采用湿化学法合成K_2FeO_4,X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外吸收光谱(FTIR)、能量色散谱(EDS)的对比分析表明通过二次重结晶纯化可有效去除粗产品中的杂质,获得纯度更高、晶形更完整的K_2FeO_4晶体。同时研究了K_2FeO_4投加量、时间、溶液pH值、温度、初始离子浓度等因素下,K_2FeO_4对含苯酚水溶液中的Cu髤、Cd髤的去除性能,并通过扫描电子显微分析(SEM)、能量色散谱(EDS)、红外吸收光谱(FTIR)等方法研究了K_2FeO_4对溶液中重金属离子的去除机理。实验结果表明:K_2FeO_4可通过一步反应同时去除溶液中的Cu髤、Cd髤以及苯酚,K_2FeO_4主要通过吸附、共沉淀和表面配位的方式去除溶液中的重金属离子。     

胺基化壳聚糖树脂吸附分离茶多酚的研究

对珠状壳聚糖树脂进行胺基化改性,制备了胺基化珠状壳聚糖树脂,并用FTIR对胺基化珠状壳聚糖树脂进行了结构表征。利用该树脂对绿茶中茶多酚进行吸附分离,探讨了其吸附条件,考察了其吸附性能。结果表明,胺基化壳聚糖树脂对茶多酚的吸附既符合Langmuir等温式,也符合Freundlich等温式;本实验最佳吸附条件为:温度25℃,茶汤溶液pH值5,吸附时间2h;最大吸附量达到486.0mg/g。     

正极材料LiCuxMn2-xO4-xBrx的合成及电化学性能

通过溶胶凝胶法制备了锂锰氧化物LiCuxMn2-xO4-xBrx正极材料,采用XRD、SEM等方法对其进行了表征,并测试了样品的电化学性能．结果表明：合成的LiCuxMn2-xO4-xBrx样品为尖晶石结构,粒径均匀．随着掺杂量的增加,晶胞参数减小;一定量的Cu^2＋和Br^-复合改性增加了尖晶石结构的稳定性,改善了材料的循环性能．实验发现当掺杂量为x=0．03时循环性能最好,初始比容量为97．5mAh／g,50次循环后比容量为82．1mAh／g．     

氧化石墨烯改性ZnO/CeO2复合纳米材料的制备及其紫外屏蔽性能研究

以六水硝酸锌、六水硝酸铈、氧化石墨烯为原料,采用溶胶凝胶法制备了氧化石墨烯(GO)改性ZnO/CeO_2复合纳米紫外屏蔽剂。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)等测试手段对产物的结构、组成及形貌进行表征,研究了氧化铈与氧化锌摩尔比、GO投入量、屏蔽剂用量以及pH值对复合纳米材料紫外屏蔽性能的影响,探索了氧化石墨烯改性ZnO/CeO_2复合纳米的最佳制备条件。结果表明:氧化石墨烯改性ZnO/CeO_2复合纳米材料中GO、CeO_2、ZnO的平均粒径分别为8. 3、15. 4、37. 5 nm。当pH 6. 0、氧化铈与氧化锌摩尔比为4∶1、GO投入量为2. 0g、屏蔽剂用量为0. 06 g/L时,紫外屏蔽性能强弱顺序为:氧化石墨烯改性ZnO/CeO_2复合纳米材料 GOZnO/CeO_2复合纳米材料 CeO_2 ZnO。     

淀粉/AMPS/DMC高吸水树脂的合成及对重金属离子的吸附性能

以可溶性淀粉、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)为单体,过硫酸铵为引发剂,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(NMBA)作交联剂,采用水溶液聚合法,合成了一种新型淀粉/AMPS/DMC高吸水树脂。通过红外光谱、扫描电镜和热重分析确定了所合成高吸水树脂的结构组成,并研究了其对Cu~(2+)、Ni~(2+)两种重金属离子的吸附能力。结果显示,淀粉/AMPS/DMC高吸水树脂对于CuSO_4和NiSO_4的吸附极限浓度均为2g/L,均在2~3 min内吸附完全,其等温吸附行为符合Freundlich方程。     

Preparation and characterization of polyphenylene sulfide-based chelating fibers

A series of novel chelating fibers containing sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen heteroatoms were prepared via the functionalization of chloromethylated polyphenylene sulfide （CMPPS）. The structures, micromorpholo- gy and physicochemical properties of these fibrous adsorptive materials were characterized by FT-IR, elementary analysis, TG and SEM-EDS. The results show that chelating fibers had high functional group contents （3.94 mmol/g for thiourea, 3.85 mmol/g for mercapto, 5.00 mmol/g for methylamine and 6.07 mmol/g for ethylenediamine, respectively）. Owing to the unique matrix of polyphenylene sulfide fiber, these fibrous adsorbents possess excellent thermostability. This synthetic method proved a simple and efficient way for the preparation of chelating fibers.     

Characterization of Starch/Acrylic Acid Super‐Absorbent Hydrogels Prepared by Ionizing Radiation

Copolymerization of acrylic acid (AAc) and gelatinized maize starch in aqueous medium using γ‐irradiation, followed by neutralization with alkali solution was carried out. The preparation conditions, such as irradiation dose and starch/AAc compositions were investigated. The higher the irradiation dose, as well as the AAc content in the feed solution, the higher the gel content. The copolymers were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, thermo‐gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM revealed that the higher the dose, the lower the copolymer pore size. Starch/AAc copolymers have thermal stability higher than that for starch and poly acrylic acid individually. The swelling of starch/AAc hydrogels reduced as the gel content increases. The maximum water absorption obtained for starch/AAc hydrogels in distilled water was 200 g/g, and for neutralized starch/AAc hydrogels was 350 g/g. The swelling ratio of starch/AAc hydrogels of different compositions in NaCl solution is lower than that obtained in distilled water. The results suggest that the neutralized starch/AAc hydrogels have a high swelling property, and can be used in a variety of commercial applications.     

Measurement of Chelating Agent Levels in Media with High Concentrations of Interfering Metal Ions

Abstract

An ion-exchange method for the measurement of levels of chelating agents in media with high levels of metal ions has been developed. The test solution is passed through a specially prepared ion-exchange column, which both removes metal ion interferences, and places the chelating agent in the copper form. The copper levels in the column effluent are then measured by flame atomic absorption methods, the copper levels corresponding in a 1:1 ratio to the levels of chelating agent in the sample. The detection limit for this method is on the order of 1 ppm copper equivalent chelating capacity, and is applicable in situations where the interfering metal ions are at concentrations in the range of 10^?2 M. The method is reproducible in the pH ranges of 4 to 9 Precision and     

Removal of metal ions from aqueous solution by chelating polymeric microspheres bearing phytic acid derivatives

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility to synthesize new chelating polymeric microspheres owing immobilized biocompatible agent as chelating functional groups and to evaluate their performance in metal ions removal from aqueous solution.The microparticles were synthesized via precipitation polymerization of 4-O-(4-vinylbenzyl)-myo-inositol 1,3,5-orthoformate with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and subsequent exhaustive phosphorylation of myo-inositol groups using phosphoric acid.Spherical geometry with monodisperse nature of the polymeric microparticles was confirmed by scanning electron micrographs (SEM) and dimensional analysis. A large surface area of the microspheres provided a maximum interaction of metal ions and the chelating functional groups on the surface. Absorption capacity of the beads for the selected metal ions, i.e., Cu(II), Ni(II), Fe(III), was investigated in detail in aqueous solution at pH 5.0 utilizing UV/Vis spectroscopy. This study showed that the macromolecular systems are very effective in chelating these metal ions and the affinity order of the microbeads toward metal ions is: Fe(III) > Ni(II) > Cu(II).The chelating beads can be easily regenerated by 1.0 M HNO₃ with high effectiveness. These features make the synthesized beads a potential candidate for metal ions removal at high capacity.     

大孔聚丙烯醛-呋喃-2-硫代酰腙螯合树脂的合成及其性能的初步研究

合成了一新型高分子骨架，大孔内烯醛－苯乙烯－二乙烯苯三元共聚物树脂骨架，通过其含有的活泼醛基与呋喃－2－硫代酰肼螯合剂进行高分子反应，制备了一种含氮、硫配位原子的螯合树脂，聚丙烯醛－呋喃－2－硫代酰腙。对其与贵金属离子的吸附性能进行了初步研究，结果表明，该树脂对金、钯及铂具有选择性吸附作用，吸附容量分别为1.20mmol/g干树脂，0.37mmol/g干树脂及0.28mmol/g干树脂。     

新型颗粒状纤维素交换剂的研制

研制了一种新型颗粒状８氨基喹啉螯合纤维素交换剂。对影响纤维素颗粒大小、孔径、孔隙度以及功能化过程的各种因素进行了探讨，并用电镜、红外光谱对８氨基喹啉螯合纤维素的结构进行了表征。     

新型含氮、硫纤维素螯合树脂的合成及其吸附性能

将稻壳纤维素的氯化产物(CDC)分别与水合肼、乙二胺、二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、丁二胺和己二胺反应,合成了6种含氮纤维素螯合树脂(ADC-1～ADC-6);在碱性条件下用环硫氯丙烷交联ADC合成了6种新型含氮、硫纤维素螯合树脂(TADC-1～TADC-6),研究了合成条件和ADC,TADC树脂对金属离子的吸附性能.结果表明,ADC树脂对Cu²⁺,Cr³⁺,Ni²⁺,Hg²⁺,Zn²⁺等离子有较好的吸附性,对Hg²⁺吸附容量可达0.5mmol/g左右;TADC树脂对Ag⁺,Cu²⁺,Hg²⁺等离子有较好的吸附性,对Hg²⁺和Ag⁺吸附容量可达1.1mmol/g和1.9mmol/g左右;强酸性条件下,ADC和TADC树脂的吸附容量都降低,它们对金属离子的吸附顺序分别为Hg²⁺>Cu²⁺>Ni²⁺和Ag⁺>Hg²⁺>Cu²⁺,树脂用10%的氨水解吸附可重复使用.