Characterizations of Skeletal Iron Catalysts Prepared from Rapidly and Naturally Quenched Fe-Al Alloys

Surface morphology, physical-chemical properties of skeletal iron catalysts prepared by leaching of the rapidly quenched(RQ) and naturally quenched(NQ) Fe-Al alloys with an aqueous solution of NaOH were characterized by using a series of techniques including XRD, BET, XPS, SEM, Hz and CO-TPD. It was found that the RQ skeletal iron catalyst exhibits a smaller particle size, larger specific surface area and pore volume than the NQ one. The H2 and CO-TPD experiments showed that the RQ skeletal iron exhibits stronger affinity for H2 and milder affinity for CO compared with the NQ one. But the NQ skeletal catalyst shows a better thermal stability than the RQ catalyst.     

Comparative X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study on the desulfurization of thiophene by Raney nickel and rapidly quenched skeletal nickel

The desulfurization of thiophene on Raney Ni and rapidly quenched skeletal Ni (RQ Ni) has been studied in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The Raney Ni or RQ Ni can be approximated as a hydrogen-preadsorbed polycrystalline Ni-alumina composite. It is found that thiophene molecularly adsorbs on Raney Ni or RQ Ni at 103 K. At 173 K, thiophene on alumina is desorbed, while thiophene in direct contact with the metallic Ni in Raney Ni undergoes C-S bond scission, leading to carbonaceous species most probably in the metallocycle-like configuration and atomic sulfur. On RQ Ni, the temperature for thiophene dissociation is about 100 K higher than that on Raney Ni. The lower reactivity of RQ Ni toward thiophene is tentatively attributed to lattice expansion of Ni crystallites in RQ Ni due to rapid quenching. The existence of alumina and hydrogen may block the further cracking of the metallocycle-like species on Raney Ni and RQ Ni at higher temperatures, which has been the dominant reaction pathway on Ni single crystals. By 473 K, the C 1s peak has disappeared, leaving nickel sulfide on the surface.     

在Raney Fe催化剂上F-T合成产物的分布和选择性

在浆态相Ｆ－Ｔ合成的连续搅拌釜反应器中,研究了ＲａｎｅｙＦｅ系列催化剂和其它工业铁基催化剂的性能。结果发现,ＲａｎｅｙＦｅ的前驱体对其性能影响很大。由Ａ１／Ｆｅ比为３的合金得到的ＲａｎｅｙＦｅ表现出了良好的活性稳定性,常规条件下ＣＯ的转化接近完全,其较大的中孔分布可能对初级产物的扩散限制较小,因而生成的２－烯烃和异构烃就少。也比较分析了催化剂固载量和粒度对ＲａｎｅｙＦｅ上的烷烃选择性的影响。此外,从产物分布的规律来看,在ＲａｎｃｙＦｅ催化剂上以生成高碳数烷烃和低碳数烯烃为主。     

制备条件对Raney铁结构与性能的影响

描述新型Ｒａｎｅｙ铁催化剂在制备时的抽滤工艺、抽滤温度、碱液浓度及合金组成等因素对其结构参数和浆态相Ｆ－Ｔ合成反应性能的影响规律，得到了较优化的催化剂制备参数；采用常规的制备途径，合金铝铁比为４，抽滤温度为８５℃，碱液浓度为２５％ＮａＯＨ所制备的Ｒａｎｅｙ铁催化剂Ｆ－Ｔ活性可以达到催化剂的水平。     

Ni-Fe催化剂乙醇部分氧化制氢的研究

研究了Ni Fe催化剂对乙醇部分氧化制氢反应,系统地考察了不同O2/C2H5OH摩尔比及反应温度下催化剂的性能.发现Ni Fe催化剂对乙醇部分氧化制氢具有较好的催化活性,其中组成为Ni50Fe50催化剂最好,最佳的反应条件是O2/C2H5OH=1.0,T=573 K.XRD谱图表明催化剂主要由尖晶石结构的铁酸盐和FeNi3合金相组成. XPS结果说明,催化剂体相以还原态FeNi3合金相为主,表面以氧化态的铁酸盐为主.稳定性考察的结果表明,催化剂经40 h反应后,对氢的选择性明显下降,此时对应的FeNi3物相衍射峰强度也明显降低,表明催化剂对H2选择性的下降与FeNi3物相的转变有关.     

RaneyFe在浆态相F-T合成中的性能(英文)

由Fe－Al合金经抽滤Al而制得的RaneyFe催化剂对F-T合成表现出较高的活性和低碳烃选择性。三相F－T合成实验是在连续搅拌釜中进行的,结果表明,RaneyFe在应用于F－T合成时具有一些显著性能：和熔铁催化剂相当的抗磨损性能和磁性,与传统应用的催化剂相比有较短的诱导期、高的催化活性和产物选择性,以及易于产物蜡分离的性能等。     

用MES及XRD研究FT合成催化剂的活性结构

采用穆斯堡尔谱及Ｘ光衍射法研究了共沉淀法制备的不同Ｆｅ／Ｍｎ比催化剂在焙烧、合成气还原及ＦＴ反应后体系相结构的变化。结果表明：锰助剂的加入使催化本相由铁磁性逐渐转化为超顺磁性，相应使催化剂还原逐渐难，Ｍｎ助剂促进了ＦＴ合成反应进行。反应性能与Ｆｅ／Ｍｎ尖晶石（Ｆｅ１－ｙＭｎｙ）３Ｏ４组成含量及式中ｙ大小密切相关，与ＭｎＣｏ３及ＭｎＯ的存在也有一定关系。富铁催化剂中Ｍｎ主要起电子助剂作用，而富锰催化     

费托合成 Fe基催化剂中铁物相与活性的关系

 采用连续共沉淀和喷雾干燥相结合的方法制备了微球形 Fe 基催化剂, 采用 N2 吸附-脱附、X 射线衍射和穆斯堡尔谱等手段, 考察了催化剂在不同还原条件下铁物相的转变, 并在浆态床反应器中评价了催化剂的费-托合成 (FTS) 反应性能. 结果表明, Fe 基催化剂在合成气气氛下首先从α-Fe2O3 转变为 Fe3O4, 然后转变为铁碳化物 (FexC); 还原压力的增大有利于 α-Fe2O3 向 Fe3O4 的转变, 而抑制 Fe3O4 向 FexC 的转变; 还原空速的增加则促进 Fe3O4 转变为 FexC. 催化剂的 FTS 反应活性随着催化剂中 Fe3O4 含量的增加而逐渐下降, 而随着 FexC 含量的增加而逐渐上升.     

Study on the Precursor Phase Composition of Fused Iron Catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

The effect of the precursor composition of fused iron catalyst on the performance of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was investigated. XRD, BET and CO2 adsorption experiments were carried out to provide better insight into the relationship therein. The results showed that the selectivity of C5＋ hydrocarbon products was dependent on the mole ratio of Fe^2＋/Fe^3＋, which was represented by a hump-shaped curve. Catalysts with precursors containing Fe3O4 phase favored the magnetite spinal formation during F-T reaction, while Fe（1-x）O-based catalysts were more likely to favor the formation and growth of the iron carbide crystals.     

高铁CaO-FeOx-SiO2三元体系氧化过程相变热力学分析

通过详细的热力学计算和推导, 对高铁CaO-FeOx-SiO2(CFS)体系(铁含量50%-60%, x=1-1.5)氧化过程中铁氧化物的价态和组分相赋存状态变化规律进行了分析. 结合SEM、EDX及XRD确定物相组成, 图像分析仪对相分布进行定量测量, 化学法分析铁组分变化情况. 研究了氧化过程中, 体系中相变的热力学规律以及磁铁矿相的析出特性, 对不同温度条件下磁铁矿相析出情况进行了详细讨论, 并简要推算了CaO的含量变化对体系相变的影响. 结果表明, 随熔体氧位的增加, 磁铁矿相逐渐形成并饱和以晶体析出, 铁组分会不断向磁铁矿相转移和富集. 体系冷却后主要由磁铁矿、铁橄榄石和钙铁硅酸盐固溶体组成, 氧化过程中, 铁橄榄石相减少, 磁铁矿相增加. 在1423 K以上温度, 控制氧平衡分压lg(pO2/p0)>-7.89时, 体系中的铁组分主要以磁铁矿形式存在, 并在冷却过程析出; 冷却过程中, 磁铁矿是初晶相, 体系中铁离子的摩尔比n(Fe3+)/n(Fe2+)为1/4 时, 磁铁矿初始析出的温度约为1640 K, 随n(Fe3+)/n(Fe2+)比值的增加, 磁铁矿析出温度升高, 在n(Fe3+)/n(Fe2+)为1.8/1 时, 磁铁矿初始析出的温度约为1720 K; 体系中氧化钙含量的增加, 可提高铁在磁铁矿相的富集程度.     

合成醇催化剂中组分间的相互作用

近年来,CO/H_2催化合成低碳混合醇的研究受到广泛的关注。低碳混合醇可作为掺合汽油的助溶剂、燃料和代油品,一经分离则是非常重要的化工原料,应用价值很大。催化剂是合成过程的关键,七十年代以来该领域研究取得很大进展,如美国Dow公司开发的MoS_2体系,意大利Sham公司研制的“甲基燃料”合成催化剂及法国IFP开发的混合氧化物型“乙基燃料”合成催化剂等,引起人们的极大重视。催化剂的表面     

热处理对La4MgNi19储氢电极合金结构和性能的影响

以感应熔炼和不同的热处理工艺制备了La₄MgNi₁₉合金, 用X射线衍射(XRD)和电化学测试系统研究了该合金的相结构和电化学性能. 结构分析表明: 当热处理工艺为900 °C+水淬时, 合金主要由CaCu₅结构的LaNi₅相和少量未知相组成; 当热处理工艺为900 °C退火时, 合金主要由Pr₅Co₁₉、Ce₅Co₉结构的(La, Mg)₅Ni₁₉相及少量CaCu₅结构的LaNi₅相组成. 淬火和退火后合金的电化学循环稳定性(S₁₀₀)分别为49.7%及76.0%, 合金电极的电化学性能和相结构密切相关. 退火热处理有利于生成Pr₅Co₁₉、Ce₅Co₉型相. 在La-Mg-Ni 系储氢合金中, La₄MgNi₁₉合金电化学循环稳定性不及La₃MgNi₁₄合金.     

Mössbauer and X-ray diffraction study of isothermal ageing effect at 500°C in electrochemically deposited Fe−Ni−Cr alloys

Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry and microprobe analysis were used to study electrodeposited Fe?Ni?Cr (40–50% Fe, 40–47% Ni, 3–5% Cr) alloys isothermally aged at 500°C from 5 minutes to 100 hours in an inert argon gas atmosphere. The main phase of the as-deposited samples exhibits ferromagnetic microcrystalline behavior, whereas the thermally prepared samples of same composition are always paramagnetic. The dominant effect of ageing is an oxidation process which resulted in the formation of hematite and magnetite iron oxides in considerable amounts and which are attributable to the presence of oxygen inclusions in the as-electrodeposited samples.     

Characterization and Catalytic Properties of a Rapidly Quenched Ni-RE-P-AL Catalyst

IntroductionAmorphous.alloy has been found to have superior catalytic properties["']. However, asan applied catalyst, its small surface area and low thermal stability during the catalytic processare the encountered problems usually.In the previous study, we found that addition of a small amount of rare earth element effectively stabilized the amorphous phase in a Ni--P alloyL'~'j, and the surface area of the amorphous Ni--RE--P alloy could be greatly enlarged by introducing Al into the Ni-…     

Iron–cobalt and iron–cobalt–nickel nanowires deposited by means of cyclic voltammetry and pulse-reverse electroplating

Metal nanowires composed of Fe–Co and Fe–Co–Ni alloys were successfully prepared by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and pulse-reverse (PR) electroplating techniques from acidic metal chloride solutions. The anodic dissolution process in the CVs or in the reverse electroplating period was found to be the key factor influencing the formation of metal nanowires. The addition of nickel into the Fe–Co alloy was found to extend the diameter of these nanowires. The morphology and crystalline information of these alloy deposits prepared by CV and PR deposition techniques were obtained from the field-emission scanning electron microscopic (FE-SEM) photographs and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, respectively.     

V2.1TiNi0.4Zr0.06Cu0.03M0.10 (M=Cr,Co, Fe,Nb, Ta)储氢合金的微结构及电化学性能

采用磁悬浮感应熔炼方法制备了V2.1TiNi0.4Zr0.06Cu0.03M0.10(M=Cr, Co, Fe, Nb, Ta)储氢电极合金, 通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子衍射能谱(EDS)分析和电化学测试等手段系统研究了添加元素M对合金微结构与电化学性能的影响. 结果表明, 所有合金均由BCC结构的V基固溶体主相和C14型Laves第二相组成, 且第二相沿主相晶界形成三维网状分布; Cr、Nb 和Ta元素主要分布在合金主相中, 而Co和Fe元素主要分布在第二相中. 电化学性能测试表明, 在V2.1TiNi0.4Zr0.06Cu0.03合金中掺加Cr、Co、Fe、Nb或Ta元素后, 虽然会降低最大放电容量, 但能有效抑制合金中V和Ti的腐蚀溶出, 提高电极充放电循环稳定性; 同时还能明显改善合金的高倍率放电性能. 相比之下, V2.1TiNi0.4Zr0.06Cu0.03Cr0.10合金具有最佳的综合电化学性能.     

铸态和快淬态Mm(NiCoMnAl)5Bx (x=0～0.4)贮氢合金的微观结构与电化学性能

用铸造及快淬工艺制备了低钴AB5型MmNi3.8Co0.4Mn0.6Al0.2Bx (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4)贮氢合金, 分析测试了铸态及快淬态合金的微观结构与电化学性能, 研究了硼及快淬工艺对合金微观结构及电化学性能的影响. 结果表明, 铸态合金具有双相组织, 主相为CaCu5型相, 还有少量CeCo4B第二相, 第二相的相丰度随硼含量x的增加而增大. 对合金进行了不同淬速的快淬处理, 随淬速的增加, 合金中第二相的量减少. 快淬使合金的晶格参数略有增大. 快淬工艺对合金的电化学性能产生显著影响, 随淬速的增加, 合金的容量下降, 循环稳定性显著提高. 快淬使合金的活化性能降低, 但随着硼含量的增加, 活化性能、高倍率放电能力及放电电压特性均得到不同程度的改善.     

CS‐Fe(II,III) complex as precursor for magnetite nanocrystal

Chitosan‐iron ions complex (CS‐Fe(II,III) complex) was used as precursor to synthesize magnetite nanocrystals and the mechanism was discussed. The magnetite nanocrystals have diameters of about 10 nm and clusters were formed due to slight aggregation of several magnetite nanocrystals. FT‐IR and X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) investigations indicated that the Fe(II) and Fe(III) were chelated by ? NH₂ and ? OH groups of chitosan in CS‐Fe(II,III) complex, and the molar ratio of ? NH₂/Fe(II,III) was approximately 2. This chelation effect destroyed the hydrogen bonds of chitosan. In the following alkali treatment process, the chelated Fe(II) and Fe(III) provided nucleation site and formed the magnetite nanocrystals. After alkali treatment, the chelation effect between iron ions and ? NH₂ groups disappeared and some kind of weak interaction formed between magnetite and ? NH₂ groups. Moreover, the ? OH groups of chitosan have an interaction with the synthesized magnetite nanocrystals. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Monodisperse MFe2O4 (M = Fe, Co, Mn) nanoparticles

High-temperature solution phase reaction of iron(III) acetylacetonate, Fe(acac)(3), with 1,2-hexadecanediol in the presence of oleic acid and oleylamine leads to monodisperse magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) nanoparticles. Similarly, reaction of Fe(acac)(3) and Co(acac)(2) or Mn(acac)(2) with the same diol results in monodisperse CoFe(2)O(4) or MnFe(2)O(4) nanoparticles. Particle diameter can be tuned from 3 to 20 nm by varying reaction conditions or by seed-mediated growth. The as-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles have a cubic spinel structure as characterized by HRTEM, SAED, and XRD. Further, Fe(3)O(4) can be oxidized to Fe(2)O(3), as evidenced by XRD, NEXAFS spectroscopy, and SQUID magnetometry. The hydrophobic nanoparticles can be transformed into hydrophilic ones by adding bipolar surfactants, and aqueous nanoparticle dispersion is readily made. These iron oxide nanoparticles and their dispersions in various media have great potential in magnetic nanodevice and biomagnetic applications.     

水溶性分散型加氢催化剂催化作用的研究

以克拉玛依减压蜡油(VGO)为反应体系，对以水溶性分散型催化剂为催化体系的渣油加氢裂化过程外甩催化剂进行了分离和分析，发现单组分催化剂在反应过程中分别是以NiS（Ni7S6）、MoS2和Fe1－xS的形式存在。以二苯甲烷和克拉玛依VGO为模型化合物和反应原料，对钼、镍、铁元素单组分催化剂催化性能的研究结果表明，硫化态金属催化剂产生氢自由基中间体氢化不饱和键的“氢化活性”不同，钼催化剂明显优于镍催化剂，镍催化剂优于铁催化剂；不同催化剂抑制大分子自由基之间缩合生焦的能力也不相同，钼催化剂的抑焦能力最强，镍催化剂次之，铁催化剂的抑焦能力较差。