碱式碳酸铜的制备

以CuSO4.5H2O和Na2CO3为反应原料制备碱式碳酸铜。学生通过查阅文献制定实验方案,经指导教师同意后开展实验。通过改变反应物的配比、体系pH、反应温度等条件制备碱式碳酸铜;通过测定产物Cu2+含量、TG/DTG曲线等对产物品质进行初步分析。用反应的产率和反应速率综合判断较优制备条件。     

固相配位化学反应研究 53: 一步法室温(准室温)固相化学反应合成8-羟基喹啉的Co(II)、Ni(II)、Cu(II)、Zn(II)配合物

本文研究了Cu(OAc)2.4H2O、Ni(OAc)2.4H2O、Cu(OAc)2.H2O、Zn(OAc)2.2H2O与8-羟基喹啉在室温(准室温≤40℃)条件下的固-固相化学反应。讨论了反应物结构对固相反应的影响。通过固相反应一步合成了相应的配合物Co(oxin)2.2H2O、Ni(oxin)2.2H2O、Cu(oxin)2、Zn(oxin)2.H2O。经失重测定, 元素分析, IR, XRD,DTA测定, 确定了固相产物的组成。与液相合成方法比较, 固相反应合成配合物不用溶液, 产率较高等优点。     

对过氧化氢与铜反应的认识

对H2O2与铜反应的条件问题,通过实验进行研究,得出的结论是:H2O2在酸性条件下能氧化铜,铜在加热时能催化H2O2分解,铜离子(Cu2+)在酸性条件并且加热的情况下能催化H2O2分解.     

过渡金属离子掺杂Zn3(OH)2V2O7·2H2O的合成及其光催化性质

利用水热法合成了3d过渡金属离子掺杂Zn3(OH)2V2O7·2H2O的微米花结构,其分子式可表达为Zn3-3xM3x(OH)2V2O7·2H2O(其中M=Cu,Co,Ni,Mn;0.001≤x≤0.20)。应用XRD、SEM、TEM、UV-Vis DRS、EDX和BET等分析测试技术对产物进行了表征。结构和形貌分析结果显示过渡金属离子掺杂后产物仍保持Zn3(OH)2V2O7·2H2O的六方晶体结构,微米花由主晶面为(0001)的纳米片组装而成。紫外-可见漫反射光谱显示过渡金属离子掺杂后带边吸收红移,其中以Cu的掺杂产物Zn3-3xCu3x(OH)2V2O7·2H2O最为明显,带边吸收扩展到可见光区。首次对Zn3(OH)2V2O7·2H2O及其不同金属离子掺杂产物Zn3-3xM3x(OH)2V2O7·2H2O进行了可见光催化降解有机污染物的研究,结果显示与其它产物相比掺0.1at%Cu的Zn2.997Cu0.003(OH)2V2O7·2H2O对亚甲基蓝(MB)的可见光催化降解效果最好。对掺杂离子种类、掺杂离子浓度对产物可见光催化性质的影响也进行了考察。     

以SDS-PVP项链状软团簇为模板简易一锅法合成Cu2O中空亚微球

在SDS-PVP水溶液中采用N2H4•H2O还原CuSO4, 在pH (10±0.5), (40±1.0) ℃条件下反应55 min得到橙色Cu2O溶胶, 离心分离产物经XRD鉴定为Cu2O立方晶系晶体; SEM和TEM表明该法获得的晶体为形状规整、粒径分布窄的Cu2O中空亚微球, 并证实系由大量10 nm量级的原级Cu2O纳米晶粒组装而成. 根据实验事实推断, SDS-PVP项链状软团簇提供了“双重软模板”功能, 借助独特的“模板诱导两级组装”作用一锅法合成了Cu2O中空亚微球. Cu2O中空亚微球生长的可能途径为: 首先, 项链状软团簇中的SDS束缚胶束作为第一重软模板, 诱导一级组装10 nm量级的原级Cu2O纳米晶粒; 然后, 软团簇中立体桥联SDS束缚胶束的PVP链节作为第二重软模板, 诱导一定空间范围内的原级Cu2O纳米晶粒长大并进一步聚集/二级组装, 经一锅法合成得到次级Cu2O中空亚微球. 实验结果证明该一锅法温和、简便、快捷, Cu2O中空亚微球的粒径分布窄.     

以SDS-PVP项链状软团簇为模板简易一锅法合成Cu2O中空亚微球

在SDS-PVP水溶液中采用N2H4•H2O还原CuSO4, 在pH (10±0.5), (40±1.0) ℃条件下反应55 min得到橙色Cu2O溶胶, 离心分离产物经XRD鉴定为Cu2O立方晶系晶体; SEM和TEM表明该法获得的晶体为形状规整、粒径分布窄的Cu2O中空亚微球, 并证实系由大量10 nm量级的原级Cu2O纳米晶粒组装而成. 根据实验事实推断, SDS-PVP项链状软团簇提供了“双重软模板”功能, 借助独特的“模板诱导两级组装”作用一锅法合成了Cu2O中空亚微球. Cu2O中空亚微球生长的可能途径为: 首先, 项链状软团簇中的SDS束缚胶束作为第一重软模板, 诱导一级组装10 nm量级的原级Cu2O纳米晶粒; 然后, 软团簇中立体桥联SDS束缚胶束的PVP链节作为第二重软模板, 诱导一定空间范围内的原级Cu2O纳米晶粒长大并进一步聚集/二级组装, 经一锅法合成得到次级Cu2O中空亚微球. 实验结果证明该一锅法温和、简便、快捷, Cu2O中空亚微球的粒径分布窄.     

11-钨铬杂多阴离子层状材料的制备和表征及其光催化活性

采用离子交换法制备了具有Keggin结构11-钨铬三元杂多阴离子层状材料LDH-[Cu(H2O)W11Cr O39]7-,并利用红外光谱(IR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜配合X-射线能量色散谱仪(SEM-EDS)对其组成和结构进行了表征。结果表明:三元杂多阴离子[Cu(H2O)W11Cr O39]7-取代了粘土板层中的NO3-离子,并且仍然保留了Keggin结构。利用合成的层状材料LDH-[Cu(H2O)W11Cr O39]7-为催化剂,对孔雀石绿进行了光催化降解实验,确定了光降解反应的最佳反应条件.在最佳反应条件下,孔雀石绿的脱色率可达98.01%。并将层状材料与杂多酸盐和粘土的光催化活性进行了比较,其光催化活性顺序为:LDH-[Cu(H2O)W11Cr O39]7-K7[Cu(H2O)W11Cr O39]Zn2Al粘土。因此表明层状材料LDH-[Cu(H2O)W11Cr O39]7具有优异的光催化活性。     

双水杨醛缩二乙烯三胺Cu(Ⅱ)配合物的合成及催化染料降解性能

合成了双水杨醛缩二乙烯三胺席夫碱(H2L)及其Cu2+配合物(CuL·H2O),并对其进行了表征.利用分光光度法考查了CuL·H2O催化降解甲基橙和酸性蓝9的性能,利用HPLC法测定了降解产物.CuL·H2O能催化甲基橙降解,但效果较差,催化降解产物为顺式丁烯二酸.该配合物能催化酸性蓝9降解,37℃条件下降解脱色率达到90%以上,其降解动力学符合酶促反应特征,具有明显的延滞期、线性期和缓慢期.测得米氏常数Km=2.006×10-5mol/L,降解产物为顺式丁烯二酸.推测了CuL·H2O作为仿酶催化剂的催化机理和酸性蓝9的降解机制.说明CuL·H2O具有优良的仿酶特性和底物选择性.     

逆向配平法

逆向配平法是从给生成物配系数开始配平氧化还原反应方程式的一种方法。此方法根据氧化还原反应中氧化数的增减总数相等的原则,配平氧化还原反应方程式的步骤如下。(1)写出反应式,标出发生氧化和还原的元素原子在反应前后的氧化数,例如:Cu2S 1-2 HN 5O3Cu 2(NO3)2 H2S 6O4 N 2O H2O(2)分别确定氧化剂、还原产物、还原剂和氧化产物的代表,通常它们的代表是化学式中标明氧化数的原子和标明氧化数的同种原子部分(如Cu 12S-2中的Cu 12)。例如在上面反应式中,氧化剂HN 5O3的代表是N 5,还原产物N 2O的代表是N 2,还原剂Cu 12S-2的代表是…     

伏安法研究五元瓜环对Cu(Ⅱ)配合物的识别性能

利用伏安法研究了五元瓜环(记为Q[5])对Cu(Ⅱ)配合物的识别性能。结果表明:在pH 5.0的Na2(H2EDTA)介质中,扫描速度为100 mV.s-1时,Q[5]-[Cu(H2EDTA)H2O]配合物的电极反应为单电子准可逆氧化还原反应。摩尔比法测出Q[5]与[Cu(H2EDTA)H2O]作用比为2∶1,稳定常数为3.59×109 L2.mol-2。在所选择的实验条件下,Cu(Ⅱ)浓度在2×10-6~1.6×10-4 mol.L-1范围内,峰电流与其浓度具有较好的线性关系,方法回收率为99.4%~100.7%。     

H-atom abstraction reaction for organic substrates via mononuclear copper(II)-superoxo species as a model for DbetaM and PHM

Hydrogen atom abstraction reactions have been implicated in oxygenation reactions catalyzed by copper monooxygenases such as peptidylglycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM) and dopamine beta-monooxygenase (DbetaM). We have investigated mononuclear copper(I) and copper(II) complexes with bis[(6-neopentylamino-2-pyridyl)methyl][(2-pyridyl)methyl]amine (BNPA) as functional models for these enzymes. The reaction of [Cu(II)(bnpa)]2+ with H2O2, affords a quasi-stable mononuclear copper(II)-hydroperoxo complex, [Cu(II)(bnpa)(OOH)]+ (4) which is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds in the vicinity of the copper(II) ion. On the other hand, the reaction of [Cu(I)(bnpa)]+ (1) with O2 generates a trans-mu-1,2-peroxo dicopper(II) complex [Cu(II)2(bnpa)2(O2(2-]2+ (2). Interestingly, the same reactions carried out in the presence of exogenous substrates such as TEMPO-H, produce a mononuclear copper(II)-hydroperoxo complex 4. Under these conditions, the H-atom abstraction reaction proceeds via the mononuclear copper(II)-superoxo intermediate [Cu(II)(bnpa)(O2-)]+ (3), as confirmed from indirect observations using a spin trap reagent. Reactions with several substrates having different bond dissociation energies (BDE) indicate that, under our experimental conditions the H-atom abstraction reaction proceeds for substrates with a weak X-H bond (BDE < 72.6 kcal mol(-1)). These investigations indicate that the copper(II)-hydroperoxo complex is a useful tool for elucidation of H-atom abstraction reaction mechanisms for exogenous substrates. The useful functionality of the complex has been achieved via careful control of experimental conditions and the choice of appropriate ligands for the complex.     

Very mild, enantioselective synthesis of propargylamines catalyzed by copper(I)-bisimine complexes

The stereoselective addition of aryl- and alkylacetylene derivatives to imines was studied. The reaction is catalyzed by copper complexes of enantiomerically pure bisimines, readily prepared in very high yields from the commercially available binaphthyl diamine. A very simple experimental procedure allowed to obtain at room temperature optically active propargylamines in high yields and enantioselectivity. Interestingly, bisimine/copper(I) complexes were able to promote the direct, enantioselective, catalytic addition to imines of alkylacetylenes. The effects of catalyst loading and other reaction parameters on the stereochemical outcome of the transformation were investigated. The extremely convenient methodology, the mild reaction conditions, and the possibility of a modular approach for developing new and more efficient bisimine-based chiral ligands make the present methodology very attractive.     

Investigation of the differentiation of kinetic models

The differentiation of known kinetic models in appropriately chosen coordinate systems has been investigated. A new method of defining the control of chemical reaction rate has been presented, the suggested method being based on the use of known kinetic model equations. It consists in comparing the respective model courses with the experimental. For isothermal conditions, the model curves, f(α) vs. α, are compared with the experimental DTG vs. TG. For conditions of linear temperature increase, however, model courses of the type (1/f(α) (df(α)/dα) vs. α and corresponding experimental curves {[(DDTG/DTG²)—(Eγ/RT²)](1/DTG)} vs. TG are used for comparison: such visual comparison allows a rapid estimation of the closeness of experimental results and predicted models. This method was verified with positive results with experimental material under isothermal conditions (for the thermal decomposition of PbSO₄ and for the oxidation of copper in air) and for conditions of linear temperature increase (for the oxidation of copper in air).     

Enantioselective Copper-Catalyzed 1,4-Addition of Grignard Reagents to α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds

The enantioselective copper-catalyzed 1,4-addition of Grignard reagents to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds was studied with the following Cu^I compounds as catalyst precursor and 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-3-thio-α-D -glucofuranose (Hsiig) as chiral ligand: CuI, iodo[bis(dibutylsulfide)]copper(I), [Cu(siig)], [Cu(siig)(pp)] (pp =1,2-bis)(diphenylphosphinoethene), and tetrakis[iodo(tributylphosphine)]copper(I). The addition of BuMg halides to cyclohex-2-en-1-one was tested under several reaction conditions. The chemical yields and regioselectivities for this reaction were, in all cases, larger than 90 and 98%, respectively, and independent of the experimental conditions. The enantioselectivity was strongly dependent on the reaction conditions and reached a maximum of 60%. Several other substrates were also tested in the above reaction. The X-ray crystal structure for [Cu(siig)(pp)] was determined by X-ray crystallography.     

COF固载铜盐催化苯硼酸与咪唑的Chan-Lam偶联反应

制备了一种含有联吡啶位点的共价有机骨架(COF)材料TpBpy, 并通过配体上的联吡啶位点固载铜盐实现了功能化, 得到的Cu@TpBpy具有大量的不饱和铜配位位点和高表面积, 可用作苯硼酸与咪唑的Chan-Lam偶联反应的多相催化剂. 通过优化溶剂、 铜源、 碱及反应时间等反应条件, 发现使用质子极性溶剂MeOH时的反应产率最高, 而Cu(OAc)₂@TpBpy是效果最佳的催化剂, 可溶性有机碱三乙胺(TEA)的促进效果最好. Cu(OAc)₂@TpBpy在碱TEA的促进下于70 ℃催化咪唑与苯硼酸反应4 h后, 得到目标产物1-苯基咪唑的最大产率为66%. 在最优反应条件下进行了底物拓展, 结果表明, 取代基的位阻效应对催化体系影响显著, 其中对位取代基的4-氯苯硼酸的产率最高(62%).     

Analytical Use of Copper (II)-Neocuproine in The Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydrazines

Abstract

This work characterizes a newly developed, sensitive and convenient spectrophotometric procedure for determination of sub-ppm concentrations of hydrazine and its organic derivatives. The method is based on formation of the cuprous neocuproine chelate after reaction of hydrazines with a prepared aqueous solution of the copper (II)-neocuproine complex. The cuprous chelate is then directly measured in aqueous solution at 458 nm. The effect of several experimental conditions influencing the reaction are presented and the method was employed for the analyis of 5 different hydrazine compounds. The standard deviation did not exceed ± 0.47%.     

正丁胺对苯膦酸铜的插层反应研究

分别采用溶液搅拌和超声的方法,研究了有机正丁胺分子对苯膦酸铜的插层反应.对插层复合物进行了红外光谱(IR)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和热重分析等测试及结构分析.结果表明,有机正丁胺的插入使得苯膦酸铜的层间距增大.     

多元醇法制备Cu2O/CNTs复合材料的研究

以Cu(CH₃COO)₂•H₂O和经硝酸处理的CNTs作为原料, 采用多元醇法成功合成了纳米氧化亚铜均布于碳纳米管表面的复合光催化剂. 用透射电镜(TEM), 高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM), X射线粉末衍射(XRD)对样品进行了表征, 测试结果表明大小为2～5 nm的氧化亚铜纳米颗粒均匀分散于碳纳米管的表面. 讨论了反应条件对Cu₂O在CNTs上负载效果的影响并就多元醇法合成Cu₂O/CNTs复合材料的反应机理作了初步探讨.     

A density functional theory study of copper-catalyzed aziridination of olefins

Density functional theory calculations are reported for the reaction mechanism of selected XCuNHX(X = Cl, Br, I) with olefins to form three-membered ring products. The copper reagents react with olefins via an asynchronous attack on one CH₂ group of ethylene with a relatively low barrier (<78 kJ/mol). These computational results are in good agreement with experimental results, and this suggests that the nitrene transfer process is favored. The BrCuNHBr is found to be the most reactive reagent in the XCuNHX (X = Cl, Br, I) series of reagents. These results are qualitatively consistent with the agreement between copper-catalyzed species character and experimental conditions needed for efficient reaction.     

One-step multi-electron transfer mechanism of polynuclear copper complexes for molecular conversions

The oxidative coupling reaction of 2,6-dimethylphenol may result in either a desired polymeric substance (i.e. the polyphenylene ether, PPE) or the undesired “dimeric” species diphenoquinone, DPQ. The relative amounts of each product depend on the experimental conditions and the used catalytic system. Usually copper amine compounds are used as a catalyst for the oxidative coupling reactions. They have the advantage of easy access and produce high yields of high molecular PPE; however, other metal coordination compounds, like those of Mn, may also be used as catalysts. The present paper focuses on mechanistic studies with various copper (aliphatic and aromatic) amine compounds as catalysts. Owing to the steric constraints of the amine ligands, dinuclear Cu(II) compounds, with small bridging anionic ligands, are easily formed. Such species are believed to be the catalyst precursors. Upon addition of a base (1:1 on copper) and excess phenol, phenolate ligands coordinate as bridging ligands to copper. After a two-electron transfer reaction, the resulting phenoxonium ligand, which is a rather poor ligand, remains attached to the Cu(I), probably coordinating via its aromatic ring. Nucleophilic attack by a phenol to the phenoxonium ion at the 4-position is likey to be most important to the coupling reaction. In the beginning of the reaction the undesired side product DPQ is also formed via a C–C coupling reaction. With copper(II) compounds containing imidazole-type chelating ligands, good activity was obtained; in the case of pyrazole-based and bridging S-donor chelating ligands, that no or very weak activity was found. In a study of the mechanism of the propagation reaction the rate-determining reaction was thought to be probably a one-step, two-electron transfer, during which the two Cu(II) ions in the dinuclear complex oxidize the phenolate to phenoxonium. After the phenoxium ion is formed the bonding with the (then) Cu(I) species is weakened and the reactions with phenolic end groups can take place. The effect of the amine ligands appears to be both steric and electronic. With certain ligands the reoxidationof the reduced catalyst is not possible.