酰胺类萃取剂萃取分离铕的研究进展

酰胺类萃取剂容易合成,热稳定性好,能完全燃烧,对环境友好等一系列优点,已广泛的用来从核燃料的后循环中萃取分离镧系元素和锕系元素。论述了使用不同类型的酰胺类萃取剂萃取及其分离铕的研究,重点讨论了丙二酰胺类和丁二酰胺萃取剂、酰胺莢醚类萃取剂、吡啶二甲酰胺类萃取剂、乙酰胺基胺类萃取剂萃取分离铕的最新研究成果,同时对这几类催化剂萃取铕的萃取效果进行了比较和讨论。     

分散液液微萃取技术的研究进展

分散液液微萃取是一种基于传统液液萃取的新型样品前处理技术。该文以分散液液微萃取技术中萃取剂的筛选为出发点,综述了低密度萃取剂、辅助萃取剂、反萃取剂和离子液体等低毒性萃取剂在该技术中的应用,以及应用自制装置、溶剂去乳化、悬浮萃取剂固化,辅助萃取,反萃取和离子液体-分散液液微萃取等萃取模式;并简要评述了该技术与液液萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、分散固相萃取、基质固相分散萃取、超临界流体萃取、超声辅助萃取等其他样品前处理技术的联用特性。     

溶剂萃取法提锂的研究进展

总结了采用溶剂萃取法在盐湖卤水中提取锂资源的三类萃取剂:酸性萃取剂、中性络合萃取剂和碱性萃取剂,分析了三类不同萃取剂在萃取锂工艺过程的优缺点,指出了溶剂萃取法从高镁锂比的盐湖卤水中萃取提锂尚待攻克的技术难题。     

CuSO4—氨化P507—n—C6H14体系平衡常数的计算

用热力学方法研究了酸性磷取剂与金属体系间的平衡计算模型，萃取体系的水相采用Ｐｉｔｚｅｒ半经验公式求算γＣｕ＾２＋，有机相用热力学关系求出了水，正己烷和萃取剂的活度系数，实验结果用Ｓｃｈａｔｃｈａｒｄ－Ｈｉｌｄｅｂｒａｎｄ模型关系，并经回归处理，得到了萃取反应热力学平衡常数及萃合物的活度系数。     

Lewis碱性混合萃取剂碱度的测定

提出一种利用萃取法间接测定Lewis碱性萃取剂碱度的简便方法, 选择常用的Lewis碱性萃取剂TOA/正辛醇和TRPO/煤油, 测定了其碱度, 为今后络合萃取剂的选择及其机理的研究提供理论指导.     

酸性磷类萃取剂MANPP分离稀土元素的研究

报道一种在盐酸体系中,对稀土的萃取平衡常数及对若干稀土的分离因数均大于P507的新型酸性磷类萃取剂及其萃取分离稀土的机理。     

二烷氧基膦酰乙酸烷基酯对镧系元素的萃取性能

报道了6个具有不同烷基结构的新型中性双配位有机磷萃取剂——二烷氧基膦酰乙酸酯(R_1O)_2PO-CH_2-CO-OR_2对镧系元素的萃取性能和规律。该类萃取剂中二个配位基团P=O和C=O附近的酯烷基R_1和R_2的结构变化明显地影响其对镧系元素的萃取能力,分配系数随着镧系元素原子序数的增大而呈双峰效应,萃取机理与一般中性溶剂化络合萃取相似。萃取配台物中镧系元素与配体的摩尔比为1:3,并用元素分析、分子量测定和红外光谱对二丁氧基膦酰乙酸异丙酯与硝酸镧配合物进行了研究。     

烷基膦酸类萃取剂与喹啉类萃取剂N601协萃锗（Ⅳ）的琛

研究了盐析剂浓度和水相ＰＨ值对分配比Ｄ的影响。研究了烷基膦酸萃取剂Ｐ５０７和喹吉林 类萃取剂Ｎ６０１协萃锗的机理，并对萃取平衡常数和热效应进行了估算。     

用新萃取剂—PYL萃取Ce（Ⅲ）原研究（Ⅰ）

本文研究了用ＰＹＬ新萃取剂从硫酸铈标准液以及某稀土铈矿浸出液中萃取铈。结果表明，分相时间很快，使煤油为稀释剂比用氯化效果好；在较高酸度下具有较高的萃取能力。     

酸性磷型萃取剂萃取稀土的线性自由能关系

用线性回归分析探讨了各种类型和结构的一元酸性磷型萃取剂萃取稀土的表观萃取平衡常数 (lgKex)与萃取剂分子中取代基的电子效应参数 (ΣσΦ)和空间效应参数 (Συ )之间的相关关系。结果表明 ,对于这类萃取体系 ,线性自由能关系式lgKex=ρΣσΦ ψΣυ h 普遍成立。据此讨论了萃取剂结构与萃取性能之间的定量关系 ,可用于初步预测一定结构的这类萃取剂萃取稀土的lgKex值。     

A UV resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopic study on the extractable compounds of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) wood. Part I: lipophilic compounds

The wood resin in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stemwood and branch wood were studied using UV resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopy. UVRR spectra of the sapwood and heartwood hexane extracts, solid wood samples and model compounds (six resin acids, three fatty acids, a fatty acid ester, sitosterol and sitosterol acetate) were collected using excitation wavelengths of 229, 244 and 257 nm. In addition, visible Raman spectra of the fatty and resin acids were recorded. Resin compositions of heartwood and sapwood hexane extracts were determined using gas chromatography. Raman signals of both conjugated and isolated double bonds of all the model compounds were resonance enhanced by UV excitation. The oleophilic structures showed strong bands in the region of 1660-1630 cm(-1). Distinct structures were enhanced depending on the excitation wavelength. The UVRR spectra of the hexane extracts showed characteristic bands for resin and fatty acids. It was possible to identify certain resin acids from the spectra. UV Raman spectra collected from the solid wood samples containing wood resin showed a band at approximately 1650 cm(-1) due to unsaturated resin components. The Raman signals from extractives in the resin rich branch wood sample gave even more strongly enhanced signals than the aromatic lignin.     

Direct determination of resin and fatty acids in process waters of paper industries by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry

Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS)-based methods were developed for the analysis of 10 resin acids and five fatty acids in process waters of paper industries. No fragmentation of target compounds was observed using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) with negative ionization. The [M - H](-) ion permitted the individual quantification of fatty and aromatic resin acids, whereas the non-aromatic resin acids presented a single and common ion at m/z 301. Separation with two columns of different polarity permitted peak confirmation. The method that used a C(8) column with 2-propanol in the mobile phase allowed a certain separation and identification of the non-aromatic resin acids, whereas the method using a C(18) column provided detection limits 10-fold lower for fatty acids. Limits of detection were 0.10 ng for all compounds. Direct sample introduction was compared with liquid-liquid extraction, with similar recoveries (70-101%). Whereas slightly lower detection limits were obtained with liquid-liquid extraction, better reproducibility was observed for direct sample introduction. Resin and fatty acids were determined in process waters of several paper industries. Palmitic, dehydroabietic and non-aromatic resin acids were encountered in most water samples, at levels between 22 and 403 micro g l(-1). LC/MS with direct sample introduction was found to be a good alternative to traditional liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography for the analysis of such compounds since no derivatization was required and sample manipulation was minimal.     

An improved extraction chromatographic resin for the separation of uranium from acidic nitrate media

The preparation and characterization of a new extraction chromatographic resin exhibiting extraordinarily strong retention of hexavalent uranyl ion over a wide range of nitric acid concentrations and very high selectivity for U(VI) over Fe(III) and numerous other cations is described. This new material (designated U/TEVA-2) comprises a novel liquid stationary phase consisting of an equimolar mixture of diamyl amylphosphonate (DA[AP]) and Cyanex 923^® (a commercially available trialkyl-phosphine oxide, TRPO) sorbed on silanized silica or Amberchrom CG-71. Cyanex 923 is shown to be preferable to a related TRPO, Cyanex 925^®, due to its lower viscosity and higher selectivity for U(VI) over Fe(III). The retention of uranyl nitrate by the U/TEVA-2 resin, as measured by the k′ values (number of free column values to peak maximum) is >5000 from approximately 0.1 to 8 M HNO₃. The ability of the new resin to strongly and selectively retain U(VI) from such a wide range of acid concentrations, along with its favorable physical properties, make it a good candidate for application in the separation and preconcentration of U(VI) from complex environmental, biological, and nuclear waste samples for subsequent determination.     

树脂酸性组分的氢氧化四甲铵甲基化与GC-MS分析

利用氢氧化四甲铵(TMAH)对马尾松树脂(塔罗油)进行甲基化，并对其产物进行GC—MS分析；研究表明TMAH甲基化后进行GC—MS分析是测定树脂中酸性组分的一种快速有效的方法，但酸性组分中的脂肪酸要比树脂酸难于甲基化，因此为了确保甲基化反应完全，应适当延长甲基化反应时间。     

碱性氨基酸离子交换平衡特性的研究

研究了碱性氨基酸与001×7阳离子交换树脂的离子交换平衡特性。测定了001×7树脂对碱性氨基酸两种价态离子的选择性吸附系数,并考察了pH和碱性氨基酸的浓度对平衡吸附量的影响,确定了离子交换的最佳pH 和碱性氨基酸的浓度。     

Gas chromatographic determination of pollutants in the chlorination and caustic extraction stage effluent from the bleaching of a bamboo pulp

The gas chromatographic detection and quantitative determination of various chlorophenolics as well as resin and fatty acids have been carried out in the chlorination and caustic extraction stage effluents generated in the laboratory by bleaching a bamboo pulp. A number of chlorinated phenols, catechols, guaiacols, syringaldehydes and resin acids as well as non-chlorinated saturated and unsaturated fatty acids together with resin acids have been detected. The concentration of various compounds detected have also been compared with the reported (96)LC(50) values.     

基于气相色谱-质谱的拟靶向代谢组学方法分析大米中脂肪酸

建立了一种基于气相色谱-质谱的拟靶向代谢组学分析方法对大米中脂肪酸进行分析,共检测到16种脂肪酸,并研究了不同大米中脂肪酸的轮廓差异。以提取到饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸的总量为评价指标,比较了6种提取方法及4种提取溶剂对脂肪酸提取效率的影响。将该方法用于5种不同大米（稻花香、吉星、金浪子、农大、状元）中脂肪酸的分析,发现稻花香大米中脂肪酸轮廓与其他4种均有较大差异;而金浪子与农大、状元间脂肪酸差异也较大,与吉星脂肪酸轮廓较为相似。该方法简单,有较好的稳定性和准确性,可为大米品质和营养价值改善研究提供基础数据。     

Determination of resin and fatty acids in sediments near pulp mill locations

A gas chromatographic method for the determination of resin and fatty acids in sediments is described. In this procedure, the sediment sample was air-dried and soxhlet-extracted with a mixture of acetone--methanol (88:12, v/v) in the presence of hydrochloric acid. The acids extracted were converted into their pentafluorobenzyl esters and were then cleaned up on a deactivated silica gel column. Final analysis was performed on either a DB-17 or a DB-5 capillary column with electron-capture detection. Quantitative recovery was obtained from fortified sediments for all acids except palustric, neoabietic and levopimaric acids. The detection limit of all acids in this method was 0.1 micrograms/g based on 1 g of sample. This procedure has been successfully applied to the monitoring of resin and fatty acids in sediment samples collected in the vicinity of several Canadian pulp mill locations.     

Determination of Free Fatty Acids in Natural Oils and Alkyd Resins by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

Mixtures of free fatty acids in natural oil and alkyd resin samples have been analyzed using a μBondapak Free Fatty Acid column in conjunction with a ternary mobile phase. Variation of the mobile phase composition allows ‘‘fingerprinting'’ as well as quantitation of the fatty acid components. Samples can be analyzed in ten minutes by this method. The results of the application of this technique to the identification of oil sources of fatty acids as well as the production of fatty acids during alkyd resin synthesis are given. Good agreement is observed for fatty acid compositions determined via HPLC with those obtained by gas chromatographic methyl ester analysis.     

Fatty Acid Composition of Tobacco Seed Oil and Synthesis of Alkyd Resin

The fatty acid composition of tobacco seed oil revealed that the oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, having linoleic acid （71.63%）, oleic acid （13.46%） and palmitic acid （8.72%） as the most abundant unsaturated and saturated fatty acids respectively. So the tobacco oil was characterized as semi-drying type on the basis of fatty acid composition. The synthesis of alkyd resin was carried out by alcoholysis or monoglyceride process using an alkali refined tobacco seed oil, pentaerythritol, cis-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride along with lithium hydroxide as catalyst. The alkyd resin so prepared was found to be bright and of low color with high gloss. The drying and hardness properties and adhesion of the tobacco seed oil derived alkyd resin were also found a bit superior to those of other alkyd resins of the same oil length. In addition, the water and acid resistance of the said alkyd was also found comparable to the other alkyds.