盐湖卤水提锂

随着新能源行业的迅速发展,锂因其独特的物化性质已被视为一种新的战略性能源,其需求量逐年递增,锂的提取分离技术也受到越来越多的关注。我国盐湖锂资源丰富,但因镁锂比高、分离难度大,目前尚未有效开发利用,开发适用于我国高镁锂比盐湖卤水的提锂分离技术,具有重要的研究价值和战略意义。本文综述了主要的盐湖提锂技术的研究现状,包括沉淀法、溶剂萃取法、离子筛吸附法、纳滤和电渗析技术等,探讨了各种技术方法的优势和特点,以及高镁锂比条件对分离效果的影响。近年来新兴的离子液体萃取剂和一价离子选择性交换膜电渗析技术也用于高镁锂比盐湖卤水提锂研究,这两种方法展现了良好的研究价值和应用前景,前者由于离子液体结构与功能的可设计性,具有开发高效提锂萃取剂的潜力,现有研究表明后者可以将初始镁锂比为150的模拟卤水降至8.0,锂回收率可达到95.3%。最后,对目前高镁锂比盐湖卤水提锂方法存在的问题和未来发展方向进行了总结与展望。     

用双重柱子从浓盐溶液中离子交换分离锂

各种型号的阳离子交换树脂分离锂,已有很多文献报导。我们也曾作过萃取分离锂的工作,但均混有其他杂质。我所也曾研究了盐湖卤水中锂同位素丰度比值的质谱测定方法。该法在测定前要将锂从其他元素中分离出来,采用的是正1×12号强酸性阳离子交换树脂,加入有机溶剂作淋洗剂,洗脱时间仍需五小时。自从我们研究了无机离子交换剂——     

t-BAMBP萃取法分离提取高钾卤水中铷

为解决盐湖卤水中的铷与大量的性质极为相近的碱金属元素钾、钠、锂、铯共存给分离带来的困难,以t-BAMBP为萃取剂,萃取分离了高钾卤水中铷钾,考察了稀释剂种类、萃取剂浓度、碱度、相比、时间等相关因素对分离的影响。结果表明,选定二甲苯体系,1 mol/Lt-BAMBP,碱度1 mol/L NaOH,相比3/1,萃取时间2 min等条件下获得纯度达99.8%RbCl。铷萃取率97.0%,反萃取率98.4%,总回收率为95.5%。     

共萃剂ClO4-作用下磷酸三丁酯分离盐湖卤水锂镁

采用磷酸三丁酯(TBP)作为萃取剂、NaClO4作为共萃剂从高镁锂比盐湖卤水中提取锂,考察了萃取温度、溶液pH值、相比和ClO-4用量等因素对Li+萃取率的影响.结果表明,卤水一次萃取的最佳操作条件为:萃取时间10 min,温度25℃,Vo/Vw=2.0,n(ClO-4)/n(Li+)=2.0,pH=5～8,Li+和Mg2+的最高萃取率分别为65.41%和13.31%,锂镁分离系数达到12.32.用水在Vw/Vo=1.0、50℃时进行反相萃取,Li+的反萃率达到81.52%,此时镁锂质量比由45.61下降至8.45.锂镁离子萃取过程呈放热效应,金属离子的萃入对TBP中H的化学位移没有影响,但会导致P O双键的红外伸缩振动吸收峰从1280 cm-1移至1264 cm-1.25℃时用斜率法测定Li+萃合物的组成接近2LiClO4.5TBP,反萃液经深度除镁后可制备碳酸锂.     

LiMg0.5Mn1.5O4的合成及对Li+的离子交换选择性

锂及其化合物在航空航天、化工、医药、空调、高能电池和热核反应等方面都有广泛应用，对锂及其化合物的需求与日俱增。我国液体锂资源非常丰富，开发利用其中的锂资源具有重要意义。从盐湖水、地下卤水、盐田母液、油气田水等咸水资源中提取锂的方法有碳酸盐沉淀法、离子交换法、萃取法等。离子     

火焰原子发射光谱法测定卤水中锂

卤水是天然水中矿化度很高的水,也被称为液态矿。柴达木盆地具有非常丰富的盐湖资源,特别是锂资源,具有储量大、品位高、分布集中的特点,号称世界三大锂矿区之一。在利用盐湖锂资源开发制备锂盐的生产过程中,随着盐湖卤水的不断蒸发浓     

盐湖卤水提锂分离材料的研究进展

采用吸附或离子交换技术直接从中低锂含量盐湖卤水中提取锂是最经济、最理想的提锂技术路线,寻找、研究性能优异的锂的吸附分离材料,是实现这一技术路径的关键。重点阐述了离子交换与吸附法提锂的各种分离材料,并指出了盐湖卤水提锂今后的研究方向。     

无机离子交换法从卤水中提锂的研究进展

无机离子交换法主要适合于从含锂较低的卤水中提取锂,是开发我国盐湖锂资源的重要研究方向之一。重点介绍了国内外无机离子交换法从卤水中提锂的研究进展,并指出了提锂的技术关键和发展方向。     

Li+，Na+//CO32-，B4O72--H2O交互四元体系273 K介稳相平衡研究

我国青藏高原由于特殊的地理气候特点而盐湖众多,西藏境内的扎布耶盐湖卤水中锂、硼、钾浓度之高,在世界盐湖中也非常罕见[1-3].     

五元体系Li+/Cl-,CO2-3,SO2-4,B4O2-7-H2O 298 K相关系实验研究

青藏高原盐湖富含锂、钠、钾的氯化物、硫酸盐、碳酸盐和硼酸盐,尤以其高锂、硼而闻名于世….这些盐湖卤水大多属于Li+,Na+,K+,Mg2+/Cl-,SO2-4,CO32-,Borate-H2O体系.在卤水蒸发浓缩后期,由于绝大部分钠盐、钾盐均已结晶析出,所以卤水的化学组成实际变成Li+,Mg2++/Cl-,SO2-4,CO2-3,Borate-H2O体系.这种复杂水盐体系相关系的研究对于制定从天然卤水中提取稀有元素锂、硼的工艺过程,阐明含锂盐湖的形成和演化规律都有十分重要的意义,是乔必不可少的基础性研究工作.     

Electrochemical methods for sustainable recovery of lithium from natural brines and battery recycling

This short review covers the recent developments in electrochemical methods for the extraction of lithium from natural brines, seawater, and battery recycling electrolytes by ion-pumping mixing entropy cells and electrodialysis. Lithium extraction by ion pumping takes advantage of the selective intercalation in lithium battery cathode materials and the concentration difference between the lithium source and the recovery electrolyte. Electrodialysis has attracted much interest in particular for large Mg/Li ratios in some natural brines.     

Distribution of benzo-substituted crown-ethers between chloroform and water: effects of macrocycle ring size and lithium chloride

Small size benzo-substituted crown ethers are attractive complexing agents for lithium isotope separation by solvent extraction. Low transfer of the crown ethers from solvent to water is a key point for applicability of the extractants. In the present study, 9- and 12-membered crown ethers were synthesized, and their distribution between chloroform and water was studied. Polyether ring size, benzene substituents and addition of LiCl to water were found to effect on distribution constants. Low losses of the macrocycles were observed at single-stage contact with aqueous phase. However, these losses should be taken into account in the design of multistage processes for the preparation of highly enriched lithium isotopes.     

Technology for Joint Production of Bromine and Lithium Bromide from Brines from Siberian Platform

Two methods for obtaining bromine and lithium bromide from highly mineralized brines enriched with lithium- and bromine-containing compounds, with Li : Br atomic ratio of 0.4-0.8, were studied. These methods are based on a combination of the technique for production of bromine and sorption recovery of lithium from brines to give eluates, LiCl solutions.     

Application of surfactants and microemulsions to the extraction of pyrene and phenanthrene from soil with three different extraction methods

In the present work, the use of surfactants and oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsions as alternative extractants in accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pyrene and phenanthrene) from soils was investigated. In particular, the effect of each individual component within the microemulsions, i.e., oil phase, surfactant and co-surfactatnt, and extraction conditions on the percentage recovery was systematically studied. When compared to the water and organic solvent, the important findings were that the common surfactant solutions at the concentrations above their critical micelle concentrations (CMC) were shown to enhance the percentage recovery at the lower extraction temperature. Moreover, the highest percentage recovery can be obtained using microemulsion as the extractant. The chemical component within the microemulsions and relative amounts of the oil phase appeared to play a much more significant role in ensuring high percentage recovery. Finally, an overall comparison between the percentage recoveries obtained with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ASE using organic solvents, surfactants and microemulsions as extractants was exhibited.     

The extraction of low-concentrations of gold(I) with 198Au as a radiotracer

The solvent extraction of gold from alkaline cyanide solution was studied by using ¹⁹⁸Au as a radiotracer. The influence of several variables on the gold extraction, including the concentration of gold, the molar ratio of extractants to gold(I), the volume percentage of cosolvent and the pH value of the aqueous phase, was investigated. The results indicated that the radioactive tracer technique is a quick, accurate, and convenient tool to investigate the extraction behavior of an element existing in low concentrations. The experimental results indicated that the studied amines, tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, N1923 and tri-n-octylamine, could be used as extractants for the recovery of gold from aqueous alkaline cyanide solutions.     

In situ growth of LiMn2O4 on graphene oxide for efficient lithium extraction by capacitive deionization

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Selective extraction of lithium from brines has attracted significant interests with the rapid development of lithium battery industry. LiMn2O4 (LMO) is a...     

Evaluation of lithium separation by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction using benzo-15-crown-5

In this article a dispersive liquid?Cliquid microextraction method was applied for evaluation of lithium separation from aqueous solution. Benzo-15-crown-5 (B15C5) was used as a chelating agent prior to extraction. An appropriate mixture of disperser solvent and extraction solvent were added rapidly into the aqueous sample containing lithium ion; as a result, a cloudy solution was formed which consisted of fine droplets of extraction solvent dispersed entirely into aqueous phase. The mixture was centrifuged and the lithium complex with B15C5 was sedimented at the bottom of the conical sample holder. Then, 2.0?mL of enriched phase containing lithium complex was used for determination of lithium ion by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The conditions for the microextraction performance were investigated. Under the best optimized conditions, the accepted recovery factors for the lithium obtained, ranged from 37.24 to 99.63?%. Furthermore, high preconcentration factors (7.46?C19.93) were also achieved. The relative standard deviation for three replicate measurements of 0.127?mg?L^?1 of lithium was 2.83?%.     

Effect of structure on the sorption properties of chlorine-containing form of double aluminum lithium hydroxide

The effect exerted by composition and specific structural properties of commercial batches of granular sorbent based on chlorine-containing form of double aluminum lithium hydroxide on its sorption properties in lithium extraction from magnesium chloride brines was determined. Deficiency in lithium chloride in the sorbent structure and structural defects are responsible for the selectivity of granular sorbent. It was shown that sorbent is selective for lithium even in the presence of high concentrations of magnesium chloride in brine and the borate ions exhibit adverse effect on the technological process.     

A Short Review of the Separation of Iridium and Rhodium from Hydrochloric Acid Solutions by Solvent Extraction

Iridium and rhodium are among the platinum group metals. The properties, production processes, and aqueous chemistry of both metals are reviewed. The separation of Ir(IV) and Rh(III) from hydrochloric acid solution is dependent on the characteristics of the solvent extraction systems. In most of the extraction conditions, Ir(IV) is selectively extracted over Rh(III) by either amines or neutral extractants. Rh(I) can be selectively extracted over Ir(III) by neutral extractants after Rh(III) is reduced in the presence of a reducing agent. The separation of these two metals using cationic extractants has also been reported. Although selective extraction of one metal over the other is possible, more efficient solvent extraction systems need to be developed.