Oxygen Selectivity on Partially K Exchanged Na-A Type Zeolite at Low Temperature

In previous work by the authors on Na-A zeolite (Izumi et al., Japan Patent Toku-Kou-Shou 63-058614, 1988), it was shown that the combination of high-temperature calcination and operation of the adsorption step at low temperatures improved the selectivity for oxygen over nitrogen from air (Izumi et al., CATS J Meeting Abstracts, 31(2A), 10, 1989; Izumi and Suzuki, Adsorption, 6, 2000). Berlin discloses in his U.S. Patent 3282028 (1966) that the partial exchange of potassium ions for sodium ions in the Na-A type zeolite also improved selectivity for oxygen by reducing the uptake rate of nitrogen. It was therefore expected that the oxygen selectivity of Na-K-A with high-temperature calcination and low-temperature adsorption might be enhanced. For the confirmation of optimum conditions for the appearance of oxygen selectivity on Na-K-A, samples were prepared with a K exchange ratio varied from 0–20 mol% (0–2.4 K ions/unit cell), and a calcination temperature varied from 923 to 1073 K, and an experiment concerning oxygen and nitrogen adsorption on Na-K-A was undertaken with a small adsorbent column under pressure swing adsorption (PSA) conditions at adsorption temperatures from room temperature to 213 K. It was found that (a) the K exchange ratio of 7 mol% (0.84 K ions/unit cell), and (b) the calcination temperature of 993 K, resulted in a remarkable increase in oxygen selectivity. Under optimum conditions for Na-K-A, the oxygen separation factor was about 8. Na-K-A has the potential to effectively separate oxygen and nitrogen from air by means of PSA.     

Oxygen Selectivity of Calcined Na-A Type Zeolite

Na-A type zeolite (Na-A) pellet showed a greater oxygen selectivity than Na-A powder (Izumi, J. and M. Suzuki, Adsorption, submitted; Izumi, J. et al., Japan Patent Toku-Kou-Shou 62-026808 (1987)). It was considered that a water adsorption at calcination stage influenced a window diameter shrinkage to increase the oxygen selectivity. For the confirmation of an optimum preparation condition for the oxygen selectivity enhancement of Na-A pellet, an experiment of oxygen and nitrogen adsorption on calcined Na-A was undertaken with a small adsorbent column under a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) condition at a temperature from 298 K to 213 K. It was found that the secondary calcination (953–1033 K) after the water vapor adsorption provided a remarkable increase of the oxygen selectivity. At the optimum condition for calcined Na-A, the oxygen separation factor is greater than 6. Calcined Na-A has a potential to separate oxygen and nitrogen from air by PSA effectively.     

Oxygen Selectivity on Na-A Type Zeolite at Low Temperature

Na-A type zeolite (Na-A) shows favorable selectivity for nitrogen in an oxygen-nitrogen bi-component system at room temperature and also it is known that oxygen selectivity is dominated by differences in adsorption rates. In this study, the oxygen adsorption behavior of Na-A pellets at low temperature was evaluated. When temperature decreased, oxygen selectivity was enhanced as a result of the difference in adsorption rates. It was also strongly suggested that the oxygen equilibrium adsorbed amount of Na-A pellets was larger than that of nitrogen below 213 K. Na-A pellets are expected to be a good oxygen adsorbent for oxygen-nitrogen separation from air by pressure swing adsorption (PSA).     

Structures, stabilities, and equilibrium contents of C2-fragmentated C70 clusters

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the C₂-fragmentation of C₇₀ destroys 4 of 37 original rings and generates 3 new rings, leading to 8 possible isomers. Each of those isomers contains a larger ring (7- or 8-member ring) with or without 4-member ring(s) besides 5- and 6-member rings. The most stable isomer consists of thirteen 5-member, twenty-two 6-member, and a 7-member rings without 4- and 8-member rings. The C₂-fragmentation energies (10.7–13.3 eV) of C₇₀ depend on resulted isomer-structures. Furthermore, the equilibrium fraction of the most stable isomer in the total isomers is 99.1%, 94.8%, and 94.0% at temperatures of 900, 1400, and 2000 K, respectively.     

SYNTHESIS OF SODALITE BY DRY POWDER METHOD

用新颖的干粉方法合成系列沸石的研究已从五元环沸石延伸到具有四元环和六元环的方钠石。本研究运用干粉方法在Ｎａ２Ｏ－ＳｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３混合物中分别以乙醇胺和乙二胺－氟化物为模板，合成出了方钠石。有机模板剂以吸附态模板方式进入体系。用ＸＲＤ数据、扫描电镜图及红外光谱测试结果对实验产品做了表征。结果表明，干粉体系制备的方钠石的晶胞参数小于水热体系和非水体系合成的方钠石的相应值。而以乙醇胺为模板制备的方钠石与以乙二胺－氟化物为模板的样品比较，后者具有较快的晶化速度、较小的晶胞体积和晶粒     

Quantum chemical density-functional theory calculations of the structures of defect C60 with four vacancies

Quantum chemical density-functional theory (DFT) calculations have been carried out for the six isomers obtained by removing four adjacent atoms from C60. The most stable isomer consists of twelve 5-member and eighteen 6-member rings, indicating that the removal of some atoms from C60, which contains twelve 5-member rings and twenty 6-member rings, does not always generate larger holes. Each of the other five isomers contains at least one 4-member ring and one larger ring (7-, 8-, 9-, or 10-member ring) besides the 5- and 6-member rings. All isomers have similar structures for singlet and triplet spin multiplicities but with different stabilities. The ground states for two of the isomers are triplets, whereas the ground states for the other isomers are singlets. Furthermore, a comparison between the various isomers allowed one to examine the effect of the structure on the stability of fullerene cages.     

Particle distribution in a microporous material: experiments with zeolite A.

The theory on particle distribution and exchange equilibria in a microporous material is applied to experimental ion-exchange data involving zeolite Na-A and zeolite K-A, with silver ions as the exchanging species. The presented method enables direct evaluation of the measured data and consideration of nonequivalent particle sites. The isotherms of the K+ versus Ag+ exchange in zeolite K-A rise much more steeply, at low exchange degrees, than those of the Na+ versus Ag+ exchange in zeolite Na-A. This result implies a different course of the ion-exchange reactions. Spectroscopic measurements on dehydrated, partly silver-exchanged zeolites Na-A and K-A do indeed show that in zeolite Na-A, the Na+ ions occupying four-ring positions are exchanged faster for Ag+ than the Na+ ions occupying eight- and six-ring positions, while in zeolite K-A the exchange does not start with the four-ring ion but with six-ring ions, followed by the four-ring ion. These findings are consistent with the results obtained from evaluation of the ion-exchange data. The resulting thermodynamic quantities significantly differ from published reference values, which we suggest should be revised.     

Ammonia IRMS-TPD study on the distribution of acid sites in mordenite

Using an IRMS-TPD (temperature programmed desorption) of ammonia, we studied the nature, strength, crystallographic location, and distribution of acid sites of mordenite. In this method, infrared spectroscopy (IR) and mass spectroscopy (MS) work together to follow the thermal behavior of adsorbed and desorbed ammonia, respectively; therefore, adsorbed species were identified, and their thermal behavior was directly connected with the desorption of ammonia during an elevation of temperature. IR-measured TPD of the NH4(+) cation was similar to MS-measured TPD, thus showing the nature of Br?nsted acidity. From the behavior of OH bands, it was found that the Br?nsted acid sites consisted of two kinds of OH bands at high and low wavenumbers, ascribable to OH bands situated on 12- and 8-member rings (MR) of mordenite structure, respectively. The amount and strength of these Br?nsted hydroxyls were measured quantitatively based on a theoretical equation using a curve fitting method. Up to ca. 30% of the exchange degree, NH4(+) was exchanged with Na+ on the 12-MR to arrive at saturation; therefore, in this region, the Br?nsted acid site was situated on the large pore of 12-MR. The NH4(+) cation was then exchanged with Na+ on 8-MR, and finally exceeded the amount on 12-MR. In the 99% NH4-mordenite, Br?nsted acid sites were located predominantly on the 8-MR more than on the 12-MR. Irrespective of the NH4(+) exchange degree, the strengths deltaH of Br?nsted OH were 145 and 153 kJ mol(-1) on the 12- and 8-MR, respectively; that is, the strength of Br?nsted acid site on the 8-MR was larger than that on the 12-MR. A density functional theory (DFT) calculation supported the difference in the strengths of the acid sites. Catalytic cracking activity of the Br?nsted acid sites on the 8-MR declined rapidly, while that on the 12-MR was remarkably kept. The difference in strength and/or steric capacity may cause such a difference in the life of a catalyst.     

Crystal structure of [2-(2-hydroxybenzilydene)-hydrazinecarboxoamidato(1-)][2-(2-hydroxybenzilydene)-hydrazinecarboxoamidato(2-)]chromium monohydrate

The crystal structure of [2-(2-hydroxybenzilydene)hydrazinecarboxoamidato(1-)][2-(2-hydroxy-benzilydene)hydrazinecarboxoamidato(2-)]chromium monohydrate [Cr(HL)(L)]·H₂O (I), where H₂L is salicylaldehyde semicarbazone, is determined. In I the central chromium atom is octahedrally surrounded by two ligand anions in the mer position and coordinated azomethine nitrogen atoms, phenol and carbamide oxygen atoms. In both ligands phenol groups are deprotonated; in one of them the imine group is also deprotonated. In the crystal, complexes of the compound studied are hydrogen bonded into layers along the [100] direction, with π-π stacking being observed between the phenyl rings inside the layer along with the X-H…Cg (π ring) interaction.     

Synthesis,crystal structure,and in vitro antitumor activities of copper(II) complexes containing tetradentate pyridine-based ligands

Several new Cu(II) complexes of Schiff bases obtained by condensation of 2-[N-(α-picolyl)-amino]-benzophenone with different chiral amino acids were synthesized and characterized by physico-chemical and spectroscopic methods. The crystal structure of one of the complexes was determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction. The ligands were coordinated to the metal atom in a tetradentate manner with ONNN donor sets using the carboxyl oxygen, azomethine nitrogen, CON⁻, and pyridine nitrogen. The cytotoxicities of the complexes were evaluated against human cancer cells. The substituents on the aromatic rings strongly influenced the cytotoxicities of the complexes. The complex with bromine substituents on the pyridine rings showed the highest cytotoxicity. The antitumor activities against tumor cell lines were assayed in vitro, and the complexes were found to be highly effective, with six of the nine complexes having inhibition ratios better than that of 5-Fluorouracil. This behavior is indicative of a high ability to circumvent the cellular drug resistance mechanisms.     

EPR and DFT study on the stabilization of radiation-generated methyl radicals in dehydrated Na-A zeolite

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was applied to study paramagnetic species stabilized in Na-A zeolite exposed to gaseous methane and gamma-irradiated at 77 K. Two types of EPR spectra were recorded during thermal annealing of zeolite up to room temperature. Owing to the results for the zeolite exposed to (13)CH(4) the multiplet observed at 110 K was assigned to a (.-)CH(3)...Na(+) complex. After decay of the multiplet, the isotropic quartet of methyl radical was recorded in the temperature range of 170-280 K. On the basis of the EPR parameters it is postulated that (.-)CH(3) radicals in this temperature region are able to freely rotate inside the zeolite cage. The structures of the (.-)CH(3)...Na(+) adsorption complex and respective hyperfine coupling constants were calculated by applying DFT quantum chemical methods. Two different models were applied to represent the zeolite framework: the 6T structure of one six-membered ring and the 3T cluster. The hyperfine coupling constants calculated for the (.-)CH(3)...Na(+) adsorption complex for both applied models show very good agreement with those obtained experimentally.     

[Ni(NH_2NHCO_2CN_3)_3](NO_3)_2·H_2O的制备、具体结构和热分解机理

由硝酸镍水溶液和肼基甲酸甲酯（NH_2NHCOOCH_3, MCZ）的水溶液反应,制备 出未见文献报道的配合物[Ni(MCZ)_3]-(NO_3)_2·H_2O。晶体结构测定结果表明, 该晶体属单斜晶系,P2_1/n空间群,晶体学参数为：a = 1.3681 (2) nm,b = 0. 8188 (1) nm,c = 1.6029 (4) nm,β = 92.16 (2)°,V = 1.7943 (6) nm~3, D_c = 1.744 g·cm~(-3),Z = 4,F(000) = 976,μ(Mo Kα) = 1.166 mm~(-1) 。结构采用全矩阵最小二乘法优化,除氢原子采用各向同性热参数外,其它非氢原 子均采用各向异性热参数修正,最终偏离因子R_1 = 0.0337,wR_2 = 0.0857。在 该配合物分子中,肼基甲酸甲酯作为双齿配体,由羰基氧原子和端基氮原子与Ni~ (2+)配位,形成五元平面螯合环,配合物分子中共有三个这样的螯合环,中心离子 为六配位八面体构型。配合物的外界是两个硝酸根离子和一个水分子,通过库仑力 和氢键与内界结合在一起。采用TG-DTG,DSC,IR等表征了标量化合物的热稳定性 。在程序升温条件下,该配合物的热分解过程是由一个弱的吸气热过程和三个较强 的连续的放热过程组成的,由TG-DTG和IR分析结果证明,在325 ℃时的最终分解产 物为NiO,得到了化合物的分解机理。     

Crystal structure of {aquaimidazole-[2-(2-carbamoylhydrazone)-propionato]} copper(II) nitrate

The crystal structure of {aquaimidazole[2-(2-carbamoylhydrazone)-propionato]}copper(II) nitrate [Cu(L)Im(H₂O)]NO₃ (I), where HL is the semicarbazone of pyruvic acid, Im is imidazole, is dtermined. The crystal structure of I contains two independent complexes IA and IB in which copper atoms coordinate once deprotonated tridentate HL, imidazole, and water molecules. Outer spheres of the complexes contain nitrate ions. In the compounds studied the coordination polyhedron of the copper atom is a distorted tetragonal pyramid. Its base is composed of carboxyl and carbamide oxygen atoms, azomethine nitrogen of monodeprotonated HL molecules, and the imidazole nitrogen atom. In the crystal, nitrate ions and imidazole molecules link the complexes via hydrogen bonds into 2D networks parallel to the (010) plane. These networks in turn are in pairs arranged into layers along the [010] direction due to hydrogen bonds between water molecules and oxygen atoms of nitrate ions, and also by water molecules and O3 atoms of the neighboring 2D networks. In the crystal, the π-π stacking interaction is observed between the imidazole rings from different layers and there is also a N-O…Cg (π ring) interaction inside the layers.     

Schiff碱(C_7H_7NO)钯(Ⅱ)配合物的合成与晶体结构

合成了N—H水杨醛Sch iff碱的钯(Ⅱ)配合物.X射线单晶衍射表明,配合物晶体属于单斜晶系,Pī空间群,分子式为C48H50N8O8Pd3,晶体学参数:a=0.945 8(19)nm,b=1.059 9(2)nm,c=1.396 5(3)nm,α=74.61(3),°β=75.18(3)°,γ=68.49(3)°,V=1.236(4)nm3,Dc=1.594 Mg/m3,Mr=1 186.16,Z=1,F(000)=596,R1=0.029 9,wR2=0.073 4.晶体结构表明,钯原子为四配位,位于配合物的中心与配体的氮原子和氧原子结合形成六元环.     

成膜溶剂对聚4-甲基戊烯-1膜的形态结构和透过行为的影响——Ⅱ.膜的气体透过行为

以聚4-甲基戊烯-1(PMP)为膜材质,分别以环己烷、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯及环已烷/三氯乙烯为溶剂,研究了这些溶液浇铸膜对O_2、N_2、H_2及CO_2等气体的透过行为。结果表明,气体的透过主要发生在PMP的无定形区域,但也在PMP的晶区进行。PMP的Ⅵ型结晶比Ⅰ型结晶具有较低的气体透过活化能。     

对甲酰基苯氧乙酸和2-氨基苯并噻唑的新型三元铜配合物的合成、晶体结构及抗微生物活性

以对甲酰基苯氧乙酸和2-氨基苯并噻唑为原料,合成了一种三元铜配合物,并通过元素分析, 红外光谱以及X-射线衍射单晶结构分析对其进行了表征。该配合物晶体属单斜晶系,P2₁/c空间群,中心铜(Ⅱ)离子的配位数为4,分别与2个对甲酰基苯氧乙酸配体分子的羧基和2个2-氨基苯并噻唑配体分子的噻唑环上的氮原子发生配位。抑菌实验结果表明,配合物对新型隐球菌、粘性红圆酵母、桔青霉和黑曲霉具有很好的抑制作用,而对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果一般。     

Energetics and bonding in aluminosilicate rings with alkali metal and alkaline-Earth metal charge-compensating cations

The stabilizing effect of alkali and alkaline-earth metal ions on the oxygen donors of four- and six-membered faujausite-like rings has been calculated in terms of Kohn-Sham core-level (O1s) energy shifts with respect to these same complexes without cations. The results confirm and complement earlier investigations by Vayssilov and co-workers where Na(+) and K(+) were the only complexing cations. The oxygen donor centers in six-membered rings are stabilized by -3.6 ± 0.4, -3.9 ± 0.5, -7.3 ± 0.1, and -7.6 ± 0.2 eV by K(+), Na(+), Ca(2+), and Mg(2+) adions, respectively. The energy shifts are even greater for four-membered rings where the stabilization effects attain -3.7 ± 0.1, -4.1 ± 0.1, -8.1 ± 0.1, and -9.0 ± 0.1 eV, respectively. These effects are also observed on the low-lying σ-bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals (MOs) of the oxygen framework, but in a less systematic fashion. Clear relationships with the core-level shifts are found when the effects of alkali metal complexation are evaluated through electron localization/delocalization indices, which are defined in terms of the whole wave function and not just of the individual orbitals. Complexation with cations not only involves a small but significant electron sharing of the cation with the oxygen atoms in the ring but also enhances electron exchange among oxygen atoms while reducing that between the O atoms and the Si or Al atoms bonded to them. Such changes slightly increase from Na to K and from Mg to Ca, whereas they are significantly enhanced for alkaline-earth metals relative to alkali metals. With respect to Al-free complexes, Si/Al substitution and cation charge compensation generally enhance electron delocalization among the O atoms, except between those that are linked through an Al atom, and cause either an increased or a decreased Si-O ionicity (smaller/higher electron exchange) depending on the position of O in the chain relative to the Al atom(s). The generally increased electron delocalization among O atoms in the ring is induced by significant electron transfer from the adsorbed metal to the atoms in the ring. This same transfer establishes an electric field that leads to a noticeable change in the ring-atom core-level energies. The observed shifts are larger for the oxygen atoms because, being negatively charged, they are more easily polarizable than Al and Si. The enhanced electron delocalization among O atoms upon cation complexation is also manifest in Pauling's double-bond nature of the bent σ-bonding MO between nonadjacent oxygen centers in O-based ring structures.     

成膜溶剂对聚4-甲基戊烯-1膜的形态结构和透过行为的影响——Ⅱ.膜的气体透过行为

以聚4－甲基戊烯－1（PMP）为膜材质，分别以环己烷、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯及环己烷／三氯乙烯为溶剂，研究了这些溶液浇铸膜对O2、N2、H2及CO2等气体的透过行为。结果表明，气体的透过主要发生在PMP的无定形区域，但也在PMP的晶区进行。PMP的Ⅵ型结晶比Ⅰ型结晶具有较低的氧化透过活化能。     

钯氮共掺杂TiO2的制备与表征及其可见光催化活性

在空气气氛和N₂中热处理表面均匀分散有尿素和氯化钯的纳米管钛酸,制备了两个系列Pd/N共掺杂的TiO₂光催化剂,并对所得样品进行了X射线衍射、透射电镜、X射线光电子能谱、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、荧光光谱和电子自旋共振等表征.结果表明,焙烧气氛对样品的形貌、晶体结构、光谱吸收、生成的氧空位浓度和可见光光催化性能的影响很大,其中在空气气氛中制备的样品光催化性能优于在N₂中制备的样品.在可见光(λ≥420nm)照射下,以丙烯为模型污染物考察了样品的光催化活性,发现在空气中400℃下焙烧的样品具有最佳的可见光催化活性.另外,讨论了Pd/N共掺杂TiO₂光催化剂具有可见光响应的机理,认为掺杂的Pd/N元素和制备过程中生成的氧空位是影响可见光催化性能的重要因素.     

TiO2-yNx纳米光催化剂的制备及其可见光响应机理

利用溶胶-凝胶技术,以尿素为氮源,采用原位掺杂方式制备了TiO2-yNx纳米粉体;以亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液在可见光下的光催化降解评价其可见光催化活性;考察了体系初始pH值、N的掺杂量和焙烧温度对样品可见光催化活性的影响。 结合XRD、XPS、ESR和DRS测试技术,研究了N掺杂纳米TiO2的可见光响应机理。 研究结果表明,TiO2-yNx纳米粉体的优化制备工艺条件为：体系初始pH=0.52,掺杂比n(N)∶n(Ti)=1∶6,焙烧温度为440 ℃。 此条件下制备的样品N含量为0.77%,为单一的锐钛矿相,平均粒径为19.0 nm,具有良好的可见光催化活性。 N掺杂导致TiO2纳米粉体的表面羟基含量增加,形成了大量束缚单电子的氧空位;N取代晶格O形成了N-Ti-O和O-N-Ti键合结构。 N掺杂导致TiO2纳米粒子的吸收带边红移,对可见光的吸收能力明显增强,这表明N掺杂改变TiO2电子结构,使带隙窄化,降低光响应阈值。 N掺杂TiO2纳米粒子的可见光响应归因于N取代掺杂形成的掺杂能级与氧空位形成的缺陷能级共同作用所致。