Ti—Mg系载体催化剂预聚合对乙烯气相聚合及产物颗粒形态的影响

研究了Ｔｉ－Ｍｇ系载体催化剂经预聚合与未经预聚合的乙烯气相聚合反应，结果表明，预聚合使催经活性增大，产物堆密度增大，颗粒大小均匀，扫描电镜观察表明，预聚合使催化剂颗粒疏松、多缝隙、预聚物、聚合产物颗粒分别由细小的二级类球形粒子紧密降集而成，二级粒子则由更细小的一级粒子组成，图象分析测得催化剂、预聚物、聚合产物颗粒平均粒径分别是３３、１６８、２６３μｍ，长短轴之比（Ｄ／ｄ）分别是１．５２４、１．５４     

新型高活性催化剂乙烯气相聚合的研究(Ⅱ)──改性剂、预聚合和聚合条件对乙烯气相聚合的影响

研究了新型高活性乙烯气相聚合催化剂TiCl₄/MgCl₂/ZnCl₂/SiCl₄/醇/Al(i-Bu)₃体系中不同醇、不同C₂H₅OH/Ti摩尔比和正丁醚对聚合反应及产物颗粒形态的影响。研究了预聚合反应及乙烯气相聚合反应规律。用扫描电镜和图象分析对催化剂、预聚物及聚合产物的形态和颗粒分布的研究结果表明:新型高活性催化剂和经预聚合制得的乙烯气相聚合物的颗粒形态类似球形,颗粒长短轴比值和大小粒径比值相近。     

新型高活性催化剂乙烯气相聚合的研究（Ⅱ）——改性剂,预聚…

研究了新型高活性乙烯气相聚合催化剂ＴｉＣｌ４／ＭｇＣｌ２／ＺｎＣｌ２／ＳｉＣｌ４醇／Ａｌ（ｉ－Ｂｕ）３体系中不同醇、不同Ｃ２Ｈ５ＯＨ／Ｔｉ摩尔比和正丁醚对聚合反庆及产物颗粒形态的影响，研究了预聚合反应及乙烯气相聚合反应规律，用扫描电镜和图象分析对催化剂、预聚物和聚合产物的形态和颗粒分布的研究表明：新型高活性催化剂和经预聚合制得的乙烯气相聚合物的颗粒形态类似球形，颗粒长短轴比值和大小粒径比值相近。     

预聚合条件对高效催化剂催化乙烯气相聚合的影响

采用经预聚合处理的ＭｇＣｌ２负载的钛系催化剂进行乙烯气相聚合和淤浆聚合比较．乙烯淤浆聚合其表观动力学呈现为加速型或渐升衰减混合型，而气相聚合则为衰减型．在聚合前期阶段，气相聚合速度明显高于淤浆聚合速度．这样的差别是由于淤浆聚合中明显存在着单体在颗粒中扩散受阻的影响，气相聚合中则存在过热现象．测定了两种聚合方式中催化剂的钛价态，结果表明气相聚合条件下钛的价态分布比淤浆聚合更大程度倾向于低价态．催化剂预聚合温度和预聚合产率对气相聚合活性及表观动力学行为的影响表明预聚合工艺是气相聚合反应平稳控制有效技术．     

用负载型Z-N催化剂制备形貌规则的空心球形聚乙烯粒子

采用一种含二酯类内给电子体的氯化镁负载Ziegler-Natta催化剂和三异丁基铝(TIBA)助催化剂,在同一反应器中经常压丙烯预聚和加压下的乙烯与少量丙烯淤浆共聚合两步反应,高效地合成了外径为0.4~3 mm的中空球形聚乙烯粒子,其球形粒子的外表面和内部空腔的内表面均较为平滑,壳层厚度均匀.聚合反应的催化剂效率最高达到7.49 kg/g Ti·h·MPa(6.5 kg PE/g Cat.).研究了助催化剂种类、助催化剂浓度(Al/Ti摩尔比)和乙烯聚合阶段的丙烯共单体添加量对聚合物粒子形貌的影响,发现采用三乙基铝(TEA)或TEA/TIBA混合物为助催化剂时,虽然聚合物粒子仍呈中空球形形态,但其内部空腔的形状极不规则.以TIBA为助催化剂时,在一定范围内提高Al/Ti比和丙烯添加量均可显著提高催化效率,聚合反应动力学曲线由衰减型变为增长型,但聚合物粒子的中空形貌得以保持.对比丙烯预聚产物的粒子形貌发现,助催化剂含TEA时所得预聚物粒子结构较松散,内部有较多孔隙和裂纹,而改为TIBA后预聚物粒子内部相对致密.     

Ti－Mg系载体催化剂乙烯加氢预聚合对乙烯气相聚合的影响

Ｔｉ－Ｍｇ系载体催化剂乙烯加氢预聚合对乙烯气相聚合的影响李悦，林尚安（东莞理工学院应用化学系，东莞，５１１７００）（中山大学高分子研究所）关键词Ｚｉｅｇｌｅｒ－Ｎａｔｔａ催化剂．预聚合催化剂．乙烯气相聚合乙烯聚合特别是气相聚合十分注意聚合初活性的调节...     

气相法钛系乙烯聚合催化剂的研究──催化剂性质、颗粒形态对乙烯气相聚会及产物颗粒形态的影响

研究了研磨法(CM型)和结晶沉淀反应法(MG－2型)制备的2种乙烯聚合钛系载体催化剂.CM型催化剂含钛3.4％～4.0％,三价钛占总钛含量15％～25％,比表面积为130m₂/g,催化剂活性为9.20kgPE/gTi·h,聚合反应衰减快.MG－2型催化剂含钛7.0％～8.0％,三价钛占总钛含量55％～69％,比表面积为78m₂/g,催化活性为4.45kgPE/(gTi·h),聚合反应衰减慢,反应平稳.对催化剂和聚合产物的扫描电镜和图象分析研究发现,催化剂颗粒小,颗粒分散度小,则聚会产物颗粒及颗粒分散度就小;反之亦然.当CM型和MG－2型催化剂平均粒径(D_av)和颗粒分散度(D_avmax/D_avmin)分别为6.8、33μm和9.2、7.0时,相应聚合产物平均粒径和颗粒分散度分别为155、263μm和10.8、9.0.结果表明,聚合产物颗粒形态复现催化剂颗粒形态。     

聚烯烃合金的研究进展(Ⅰ)——聚合催化剂和聚合工艺技术进展

聚烯烃合金以其优异的综合性能,得到了日益广泛的关注和研究。本文从聚合催化剂体系和聚合工艺技术角度出发,系统地综述了聚烯烃催化剂体系的发展历程及聚烯烃合金的制备工艺技术。特别介绍了基于反应器颗粒技术的聚合工艺特点,重点关注了Spheripol工艺、Catalloy工艺、Spherizone工艺等工艺技术。以第四代Ziegler-Natta催化剂为基础的反应器颗粒技术和以复合催化剂为基础的多催化剂反应器颗粒技术是聚烯烃新材料未来的发展方向。     

聚烯烃合金的研究进展(Ⅰ)——聚合催化剂和聚合工艺技术进展北大核心CSCD

聚烯烃合金以其优异的综合性能,得到了日益广泛的关注和研究。本文从聚合催化剂体系和聚合工艺技术角度出发,系统地综述了聚烯烃催化剂体系的发展历程及聚烯烃合金的制备工艺技术。特别介绍了基于反应器颗粒技术的聚合工艺特点,重点关注了Spheripol工艺、Catalloy工艺、Spherizone工艺等工艺技术。以第四代Ziegler-Natta催化剂为基础的反应器颗粒技术和以复合催化剂为基础的多催化剂反应器颗粒技术是聚烯烃新材料未来的发展方向。     

烯烃高效催化剂及聚合与共聚合的研究

为中山大学高分子研究所烯烃配位聚合研究室在高效Ziegler-Natta催化剂、茂金属催化剂烯烃聚合与共聚合方面部分研究工作的概述。重点叙述了催化剂的设计、过渡金属配合物配体结构及聚合条件对乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、丁二烯、苯乙烯等烯烃单体聚合及共聚合活性以及聚合产物结构和分子量的影响。     

Effect of Prepolymerization on the Kinetics of Ethylene Polymerization and Ethylene/1‐Hexene Copolymerization with a Ziegler–Natta Catalyst in Slurry Reactors

The effect of prepolymerization on ethylene homopolymerization and ethylene/1‐hexene copolymerization with a commercial TiCl₄/MgCl₂ catalyst was investigated and the apparent homo‐ and copolymerization rate constants were estimated by varying polymerization temperature, pressure, time, and 1‐hexene/ethylene molar ratio during the prepolymerization. The apparent rate constants for activation, propagation, and deactivation depend on the prepolymerization conditions, showing that the prepolymerization stage strongly regulates the behavior of the catalyst in the main polymerization. Interestingly, the surface morphology of the prepolymer particles correlates to and explains these changes in polymerization kinetics behavior.

     

Syndiospecific polymerization of styrene with embedded metallocene catalysts

Syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) is a highly crystalline polymer with high melting point (270°C). The syndiospecific polymerization of styrene to sPS with metallocene catalysts is characterized by significant phase changes that lead to global gelation. Since sPS does not dissolve in styrene or solvents such as toluene and n-heptane, sPS precipitates out immediately from the liquid phase with the start of polymerization. The polymer crystallites aggregate to primary particles and they develop to a gel. The gelation is not due to cross-linking polymerization but due to strong molecular interactions between the polymer and monomer molecules. In this work, homogeneous Cp*Ti(OMe)₃ catalyst is heterogenized or embedded into sPS prepolymer particles. The embedded catalyst has been tested in a laboratory scale diluent slurry process to illustrate the feasibility of slurry phase polymerization for the synthesis of sPS particles.     

Heterogeneous metallocene catalysts for ethylene polymerization

The catalyst precursor 9-fluorenylidene-1-cyclopentadienylidene-2-hex-5-enylidene zirconium dichloride proved to be highly active in the heterogeneously catalyzed polymerization of ethylene using silica gel/partially hydrolyzed trimethylaluminum (PHT) as cocatalyst. The substitution of position 4 of the fluorenylidene fragment and position 3 of the cyclopentadienylidene ring improves the catalyst activity. The introduction of a phenyl group into the bridge increases the catalyst activity and the molecular weight of the polymer. The prepolymerization of this catalyst system leads to a major change in catalyst and polymer properties. A significant increase in catalyst activity and a lower molecular weight of the produced polyethylene is observed. The presence of hydrogen during prepolymerization or polymerization of ethylene produces a broader molecular weight distribution indicating a higher number of different active centers.     

Propylene polymerization reactions with supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts: Observing polymer material produced by a single active center

Medium‐ and high‐resolution SEM analysis of several Ti‐based MgCl₂‐supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts and isotactic polypropylene produced with them is carried out. Each catalyst particle, 35–55 μ in size, produces one polymer particle with an average size of 1.5–2 mm, which replicates the shape of the catalyst particle. Polymer particles contain two distinct morphological features. The larger of them are globules with D_av ～400 nm; from 1 to 2 × 10¹¹ globules per particle. Each globule represents the combined polymer output of a single active center. The globules consist of ～2500 microglobules with an average size of ～20 nm. The microglobules contain several folded polymer molecules; they are the smallest thermodynamically stable macromolecular ensembles in propylene polymerization reactions. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55, 3832–3841     

Catalytic Polymerization of Liquid Propylene: Effect of Low‐Yield Hexene Prepolymerization on Kinetics and Morphology

Summary: A Ziegler‐Natta‐catalyst was used in ultra low‐yield slurry prepolymerization followed by liquid propylene (main) polymerizations. Complete catalyst disintegration down to 1.5–2 µm particle size is observed at prepolymerization yields of 10 g per g cat. The initial (main) polymerization rate increased up to 55% and the final average particle diameter can be controlled between 50 and 1 500 µm at main polymerization yields of 20 kg PP per g cat · hr⁻¹. Tension generation within the particle and the absence of a polymer layer explains these results.

Surface SEM. Top: Catalyst surface covered with polyhexene. Bottom: Cracks on catalyst surface after washing with hexane.     

聚合所得初生聚乙烯的晶型

聚合所得初生聚乙烯的晶型伍青，张启兴，卢泽俭，王海华，欧阳巍，林尚安，张光华（中山大学高分子研究所，广州，５１０２７５）（中国科学院广州化学研究所）关键词聚乙烯，结晶，单斜晶，颗粒形态热力学稳定的聚乙烯晶型为正交晶系［１］．当聚乙烯受一定应力作用时如...     

Nascent polypropylene morphology: Polymer fiber

A new morphological structure has been shown to be a general feature of polyolefin powders. This feature is a fiber approximately 0.5 μ in diameter and is common to a large number of samples of polyethylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, polypropylene, polybutene-1, and poly-4-methylpentene-1 samples. Polymer particles prepared with different catalysts under different conditions are composed of these fibers. The fibers grow from globules formed during the initial phase of polymerization, and their formation at high catalyst efficiency suggests that not all primary catalyst particles have equivalent activities. The fiber structure is one of at least six levels of order prevailing in the polypropylene particle. While the catalyst particle is responsible for some of the distinctive morphological arrangements, polymer morphology is the primary cause for the other structures. The primary catalyst particle is thought to be the determinant for the fiber.     

An Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Gas Phase Prepolymerization of Propylene

A systematic investigation is carried out on the gas phase of propylene during the initial instants of polymerization. The results confirm the positive impact of small amounts of mineral oil on the initial reaction rate and morphology. It is shown that polymerizing under conditions of mild temperature and pressure alone are not enough to achieve the same result. It is found that the presence of mineral oil, and low temperature of polymerization can be used to control the morphology of polymer particles and to obtain high activity in the main reaction. If enough oil is used, moderate to high temperatures of prepolymerization are acceptable in terms of controlling morphology but can compromise the activity of the main polymerization. It is also observed that the way in which the oil is introduced has an impact on the kinetics and particle morphology. Separate addition of oil from the precatalyst gives rise to relatively flat kinetics during prepolymerization and highest rate during main polymerization. To account for the activity enhancement, a selective quench‐labeling study employing methyl propargyl ether shows that the presence of mineral oil appears to increase the fraction of active titanium by a factor of almost 2.