RNA和DNA中碱基的染料配位亲和色谱分析

ＲＮＡ和ＤＮＡ中碱基的染料配位亲和色谱分析于世林，王金春，王朝晖，兰蔚（北京化工学院应化系，１０００２９）（北京理化测试中心，１０００８１）１引言近二十年来染料配位亲和色谱获得很大的发展，由三螓染料ＣｉｂａｃｒｏｎＢｌｕｅＦ３Ｇ－Ａ和ＰｒｏｃｉｏｎＢ...     

硅胶基质弱阳离子交换剂的合成及蛋清中溶菌酶的分离

用间接法合成了硅胶基质弱阳离子交换剂（ＸＩＤＡＣＥ－ＷＣＸ）,详细研究了合成填料的色谱性能,并与商品柱（Ｓｈｉｍ－Ｐａｃｋ ＷＣＸ－１和Ｐｏｌｙ ＣＡＴＡ）进行了比较。结果表明：合成柱比商品柱具有较高的分辨能力。通过考察合成填料的疏水性、蛋白质的保留值与等电点（ｐＩ）的关系、流动相的ｐＨ值和盐浓度对蛋白质保留行为的影响,论证了合成填料的离子交换特征。利用合成的色谱填料从蛋清中分离出纯度较高的溶菌酶     

含氮氧功能基新型键合固定相色谱性能及应用研究

用新合成的３－（二乙醇）氨丙基硅氧烷（ＤＥＡＰ）、３－（氮杂１８－冠－６）丙基硅氧烷（ＢＣＰ）作固定相，对二取代苯异构物进行液相色谱分离，研究流动相组成，ｐＨ值及其Ｋ￣＋离子浓度对色谱行为的影响．探讨溶质保留机理，并比较ＤＥＡＰ、ＢＣＰ与ＯＤＳ的色谱性能．     

金属离子对没食子酸（GA）—BZ非催化振荡反应的影响

测定了一系列金属离子对没食子酸（ＧＡ）－ＫＢｒＯ３－Ｈ２ＳＯ４体系非催化振荡反应的影响。从实验中发现,金属离子对上述振荡反应的影响可分为三类：（１）Ｃｅ３＋、Ｍｎ２＋、Ｆｅ（ｐｈｅｎ）２＋３、Ｂｉ３＋和Ｃｒ３＋,可促进ＧＡ－ＢＺ体系的非催化振荡反应,同时可产生连续振荡等复杂振荡现象;（２）Ｃｕ２＋、Ｚｎ２＋、Ｌ３＋ａ、Ｓｍ３＋、Ｅｕ３＋、Ｎｉ２＋、Ｃｏ２＋、Ｈｇ２＋、Ａｇ＋和Ｈｇ２＋２对振荡反应具有强烈的抑制作用;（３）碱金属和碱土金属离子对振荡反应几乎不发生影响。对上述金属离子的影响机理进行了探索,说明金属离子的电极电势、金属离子与ＧＡ形成络合物或与Ｂｒ－形成沉淀是影响上述振荡反应的主要原因,而金属离子与有机物中间体的偶合催化导致产生连续振荡反应     

Ag4Fe（CN）6溶胶表面对PABA分子增强机制及吸附态的探讨

通过向对氨基苯甲酸（ＰＡＢＡ）－Ａｇ_４Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）_６溶胶体系分别滴加少量Ｋ_４Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）_６、Ｋ_３Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）_６、Ｎａ_２Ｓ_２Ｏ_３、Ｈ_２Ｏ_２、ＮａＣｌ和ＮａＮＯ_３水溶液，以及改变体系ｐＨ值对ＰＡＢＡＳＥＲＳ谱带影响的观测，探讨Ａｇ_４Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）_６溶胶体系对ＰＡＢＡ分子的增强机制及在胶体表面受到极大增强的分子吸附态。     

丁基罗丹明B.四溴荧光素双荧光剂萃取荧光法测定镓

１引言本文在选择性、灵敏度较高的丁基罗丹明Ｂ（ＢＲＢ）甲苯萃取荧光法测定镓的基础上，调ｐＨ值使ＧａＣｌ４ＢＲＢ三元络合物解析，ＢＲＢ进入水相。加入与ＢＲＢ颜色相近的四溴荧光素（ＴＢＦ），形成的ＢＲＢ２·ＴＢＦ再被甲苯萃取，萃取液中加入等体积正丁醇后进行测定。由于离子对（ＢＲＢ２·ＴＢＦ）中双荧光剂的叠加效应，使方法具有较高的灵敏度，检出限由原方法的０．３μｇ／Ｌ降为０．１μｇ／Ｌ，用于矿样中镓的测定，结果满意。２实验部分２．１仪器与试剂岛津ＲＦ－５４０荧光分光光度计；ｐＨＳ－３Ｃ型精密ｐＨ计（上…     

肝素亲和柱与高效液相柱二步色谱法分离基因重组的人血小板第四因子

 介绍利用肝素亲和色谱和高效液相色谱二步法分离纯化基因重组的人血小板第四因子（ｒｈＰＦ４）。采用肝素柱，用含不同浓度的ＮａＣｌ的磷酸盐缓冲液（ｓｏｄｉｕｍｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔｂｕｆｅｒ，即ＰＢＳ）（２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ｐＨ７．４）分级洗脱，得到初步纯化的ｒｈＰＦ４（纯度达８０％）；再采用Ｃ１８柱，乙腈（含０．１％三氟醋酸即ＴＦＡ）－水（含０．１％ＴＦＡ）为流动相梯度洗脱，得到进一步纯化的产物。方法快速、准确、分离效果好，经过两次分离后产物纯度达９５％以上。     

FLUORESCENCE AND ITS ENHANCEMENT OR QUENCHING OF Eu(TTA)_3 Phen LB FILMS

ＦＬＵＯＲＥＳＣＥＮＣＥＡＮＤＩＴＳＥＮＨＡＮＣＥＭＥＮＴＯＲＱＵＥＮＣＨＩＮＧＯＦＥｕ（ＴＴＡ）_３ＰｈｅｎＬＢＦＩＬＭＳ￥ＲｅｎＪｉｅＺＨＡＮＧ；ＨｏｎｇＧｕｏＬＩＵ；ＣｈｅｎｇＲｕＺＨＡＮＧ；ＫｏｎｇＺｈａｎｇＹＡＮＧ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＣ?..     

肝素亲和柱与高效液相柱二步色谱法分离基因重组的人血小板第四因子

介绍利用肝素亲和色谱和高效液相色谱二步法分离纯化基因重组的人血小板第四因子（ｒｈＰＦ４）。采用肝素柱，用含不同浓度的ＮａＣｌ的磷酸盐缓冲液（ｓｏｄｉｕｍｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔｂｕｆｅｒ，即ＰＢＳ）（２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ｐＨ７．４）分级洗脱，得到初步纯化的ｒｈＰＦ４（纯度达８０％）；再采用Ｃ１８柱，乙腈（含０．１％三氟醋酸即ＴＦＡ）－水（含０．１％ＴＦＡ）为流动相梯度洗脱，得到进一步纯化的产物。方法快速、准确、分离效果好，经过两次分离后产物纯度达９５％以上。     

用聚乙二醇—硫酸铵—铬黑T体系从铁（Ⅲ）,钴（Ⅱ）,镍（Ⅱ）,铜（Ⅱ）中萃取…

本研究了聚乙二醇（ＰＥＧ）－（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４－铬黑Ｔ（ＥＢＴ）体系对Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）、Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）、Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）、Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）、Ｃｄ（Ⅱ）的非有机溶剂萃取行为。结果表明，在ｐＨ７￣１１的ＮＨ３·ＨＮＨＣｌ缓冲溶液中，Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）、Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）、Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）、Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）可被聚乙二醇（ＰＥＧ）相萃取，而Ｃｄ（Ⅱ）基本上不被萃取，从而获得了Ｃｄ（Ⅱ）与Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）、Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）、Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）、Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）混合离子的定量分离。     

Studies on high-performance size-exclusion chromatography of synthetic polymers. I. Volume of silica gel column packing pores reduced by retained macromolecules

Macromolecules, which stay adsorbed within the active size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) column packings may strongly reduce effective volume of the separation pores. This brings about a decrease of retention volumes of the non-retained polymer samples and results in the increased apparent molar mass values. The phenomenon has been demonstrated with a series of poly(methyl methacrylate)s (PMMA) and a polyethylenoxide (PEO) fully retained by adsorption within macroporous silica gel SEC column from toluene or tetrahydrofuran, respectively. The non-retained probes were polystyrenes (PS) in toluene and both PS and PMMA in THF eluents. The errors in the peak molar mass values determined for the non-retained polymer species using a column saturated with adsorbed macromolecules and considering calibration curves monitored for the original "bare" column packing assumed up to several hundreds of percent. Errors may appear also in the weight and number averages of molar masses calculated from calibration dependences obtained with columns saturated with adsorbed macromolecules. Moreover, the SEC peaks of species eluted from the polymer saturated columns were broadened and in some cases even split. These results demonstrate a necessity not only to periodically re-calibrate the SEC columns but also to remove macromolecules adsorbed within packing in the course of analyses.     

Purification method for recombinant proteins based on a fusion between the target protein and the C-terminus of calmodulin

Calmodulin (CaM) was used as an affinity tail to facilitate the purification of the green fluorescent protein (GFP), which was used as a model target protein. The protein GFP was fused to the C-terminus of CaM, and a factor Xa cleavage site was introduced between the two proteins. A CaM-GFP fusion protein was expressed in E. coli and purified on a phenothiazine-derivatized silica column. CaM binds to the phenothiazine on the column in a Ca(2+)-dependent fashion and it was, therefore, used as an affinity tail for the purification of GFP. The fusion protein bound to the affinity column was then subjected to a proteolytic digestion with factor Xa. Pure GFP was eluted with a Ca(2+)-containing buffer, while CaM was eluted later with a buffer containing the Ca(2+)-chelating agent EGTA. The purity of the isolated GFP was verified by SDS-PAGE, and the fluorescence properties of the purified GFP were characterized.     

Spectrometry: Speciation of Parts PER Billion of Metal Ions Using Silica and C18-Bonded Silica Columns and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Abstract

It is demonstrated that silica gel columns will quantitatively adsorb free Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions at pH > 8. These are eluted with 0.1 M HNO₃ but not with methanol. Negatively charged EDTA chelates are not adsorbed. Neutral APDC chelates are partially adsorbed on silica columns, but are quantitatively adsorbed on C18-bonded columns, and are eluted with methanol. The metal ions are partially adsorbed on C18-bonded columns, due to residual silanol groups. A microcolumn (1 mm i.d., 5 cm length) manifold system is described for automatic delivery of eluant (0.12 ml) to a heated atomic absorption graphite atomizer, using either methanol or 0.1 M HNO₃ in methanol eluant, allowing speciation and measurement of parts per billion of metals. These studies demonstrate that by using a mixed column or sequential columns of silica gel and C18-bonded silica, cationic and neutral metal species could be adsorbed, followed by sequential elution and measurement using methanol and then 0.1 M HNO. Negatively charged species could be measured directly in the sample eluant or obtained by difference from a total metal measurement.     

Alternative mobile phases for the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of peptides and proteins

The use of a high content of acetic acid as mobile phase additive for the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) of several proteins and extracts of biological tissues was evaluated for a divinylbenzene (DVB)-based stationary phase, and the separations obtained with acetic acid gradients in acetonitrile, isopropanol or water were compared with classical polypeptide RP-HPLC on silica C4 with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)-acetonitrile. The separation patterns for recombinant derived interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) on the C4 column eluted with TFA-acetonitrile and the DVB column eluted with acetic acid-acetonitrile were similar, but only the polymeric column was able to separate the components present in an iodinated IL-1 beta preparation. Neither eluent had any harmful effect on the biological activity of IL-1 beta isolated after RP-HPLC. Several standard proteins could be separated when the polymeric column was eluted with acetic acid gradients in acetonitrile, isopropanol or water and, although the separation efficiency with acetic acid in water was lower than that in combination with classical organic modifiers, insulin, glucagon and human growth hormone (hGH) were eluted as sharp, symmetrical peaks. The recoveries of insulin and hGH were comparable for all three mobile phases (80-90%). The separation patterns obtained from a crude acetic acid extract of a normal and a diabetic, human pancreas analysed using acetic acid gradients with or without organic modifiers were found to be similar and comparable to those obtained on a silica C4 column eluted with an acetonitrile gradient in TFA. The principal differences resulted from the use of different UV wavelengths (215 nm for TFA-acetonitrile, 280 nm for acetic acid). Acetic acid extracts of recombinant derived hGH-producing Escherichia coli were separated on the DVB column eluted with an acetic acid gradient in water. Although the starting material was a highly complex mixture, the hGH isolated after this single-step purification was surprisingly pure (as judged by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). Consequently several (pure) polypeptides and complex biological samples were separated on a polymeric stationary phase eluted with acetic acid gradients in water without the use of organic modifiers.     

Fast separation of native proteins using sub‐2 µm nonporous silica particles in a chromatographic cake

A novel method for the fast separation of native proteins was investigated using sub‐2 µm nonporous silica packing inside a chromatographic cake having a diameter much larger than its thickness. Various silica‐based particles ranging from 630 nm to 1.2 µm were synthesized and chemically modified with polyethylene glycol 600. The packing material was laterally packed into a series of chromatographic cakes containing the same diameter (10 mm) and different thicknesses, ranging from 2 to 10 mm, and tested by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The results showed that the sub‐2 µm NPS particles in a small chromatographic cake were found to have a high efficiency at a flow rate of 10 mL/min and a backpressure of <20 MPa. The effect of the thickness of the chromatographic cake on the resolution of the proteins was also investigated and it was found that too short a column length could dramatically decrease the protein resolution; the minimum column length was also qualitatively evaluated. The presented method is expected to be useful for routine analysis of native and/or intact proteins in hospitals and as a tool for the fast screening protein drugs and optimization of experimental laboratory conditions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis of an adsorbed reversed-phase packing material for the separation of proteins and peptides

We have described the preparation and chromatographic evaluation of an adsorbed hydrophobic stationary phase suitable for reversed-phase chromatography of proteins and peptides. The synthetic procedure involves three steps: the adsorption of a polyamine to the silica surface; crosslinking of the adsorbed polyamine layer with a bis-phenyl difunctional epoxide; and the benzoylation of the remaining accessible amino groups. Performance of this chromatographic material compared favorably with SynChropak RP-8 silica (SynChrom, Linden, IN, U.S.A.) and was stable to 40% formic acid. Good separations were obtained between the components of sample mixtures containing proteins or the cyanogen bromide fragments of sperm whale myoglobin. However, in both cases, the adsorbed hydrophobic stationary phase was less retentive. Furthermore, this medium exhibited slightly different selectivity. Whereas the heme which was present in the cyanogen bromide digest of myoglobin desorbed as the second peak from the RP-8 column, it eluted last from the adsorbed stationary phase. Comparable performance, acid stability and alternate selectivity suggest that this material is an interesting alternative to organosilane reversed-phase coatings.     

Synthesis of chitosan resin possessing a phenylarsonic acid moiety for collection/concentration of uranium and its determination by ICP-AES

A chitosan resin possessing a phenylarsonic acid moiety (phenylarsonic acid type chitosan resin) was developed for the collection and concentration of trace uranium prior to inductively coupled plasma (ICP) atomic emission spectrometry (AES) measurement. The adsorption behavior of 52 elements was systematically examined by packing it in a minicolumn and measuring the elements in the effluent by ICP mass spectrometry. The resin could adsorb several cationic species by a chelating mechanism, and several oxo acids, such as Ti(IV), V(V), Mo(VI), and W(VI), by an anion-exchange mechanism and/or a chelating mechanism. Especially, U(VI) could be adsorbed almost 100% over a wide pH region from pH 4 to 8. Uranium adsorbed was easily eluted with 1 M nitric acid (10 mL), and the 25-fold preconcentration of uranium was achieved by using a proposed column procedure, which could be applied to the determination of trace uranium in seawater by ICP-AES. The limit of detection was 0.1 ng mL⁻¹ for measurement by ICP-AES coupled with 25-fold column preconcentration.     

Adsorption and preconcentration of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on a chemically modified silica gel surface

The herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), chemically anchored to a silica gel surface, was used to adsorb and preconcentrate the same herbicide from aqueous solutions at room temperature. From a series of adsorption isotherms adjusted to a modified Langmuir equation, the maximum number of moles adsorbed was calculated as 4.67 x 10(-5) mol g(-1), with the highest retention capacity at pH 5. This modified silica gel was used in a column for preconcentrating trace levels of 2,4-D. The preconcentrated herbicide can be directly eluted with methanol with a recovery efficiency higher than 97%. The concentration factor was 8.33.     

肝素温度敏感色谱填料的制备与性能研究

利用自由基聚合法制备了含有聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺/N-丙烯酰氧琥珀酰亚胺)和肝素共聚物的温度敏感的亲和色谱填料; 通过热失重分析得到该填料表面聚合物的接枝率为9.45%; Elison-Morgan 法测定该填料表面的肝素含量为3.6mg/g. 将其用作HPLC 固定相, 分离苯和氢化可的松, 表明该色谱固定相具有温度敏感特性; 该色谱柱对凝血酶具有较强的亲和作用, 通过控制温度缩短了凝血酶的释放时间, 回收率为81.4%, 这为蛋白质的分离提供了一个快速有效的方法.     

A chelate-forming resin bearing mercapto and azo groups and its application to the recovery of mercury(II)

A new chelate-forming resin bearing mercapto and azo groups was prepared from a common anion-exchange resin by treatment with azothiopyrine disulphonic acid (ATPS). ATPS resin was very stable and highly effective for the collection of mercury(II) by the batch and column methods. In the column method, the amount of mercury(II) in solution could be reduced to below 0.5 mug/l. The mercury(II) adsorbed could be eluted with thiourea solution, and the resin could be used repeatedly.