Effects of carrier and Mn loading on supported manganese oxide catalysts for catalytic combustion of methane

Supported manganese oxide catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method for methane catalytic combustion, and effects of the support （Al2O3, SiO2 and TiO2） and Mn loading were investigated. These catalysts were characterized with N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and temperature-programmed reduction techniques. Methane conversion varied in a large range depending on supports or Mn loading. Al2O3 supported 15% Mn catalyst exhibited better activity toward methane catalytic oxidation. The manganese state and oxygen species played an important role in the catalytic performance,     

Complete Oxidation of Methane Alumina Modified with Calcium, over Palladium Supported on Lanthanum, and Cerium Ions

The activity and thermal stability of Pd/Al2O3 and Pd/（Al2O3＋MOx） （M=Ca, La, Ce） palladium catalysts in the reaction of complete oxidation of methane are presented in this study. The catalyst supports were prepared by sol-gel method and they were dried either conventionally or with supercritical carbon dioxide. Then they were impregnated with palladium nitrate solution. The catalysts with unmodified alumina had a high surface area. The activity and thermal stability of the aluminasupported catalyst was also very high. The introduction of calcium, lanthanum, or cerium oxide into alumina support caused a decrease of the surface area in the way dependent on the support precursor drying method. These modifiers decreased the activity of palladium catalysts, and they required higher temperatures for the complete oxidation of methane than unmodified Pd/Al2O3. The improvement of the palladium activity by lanthanum and cerium support modifier was observed only at low temperatures of the reaction.     

Catalytic Combustion of Methane over CO1-xMgxO/Al2O3/FeCrAl Monolithic Catalysts

A series of CoxMgxO/Al2O3/FeCrAl catalysts （x=0-1） were prepared. The structures of the catalysts were characterized using XRD, SEM, and TPR analyses. The catalytic activity of the catalysts for methane combustion was evaluated in a continuous flow microreactor. The results indicated that the active washcoats adhered well on the FeCrAl foils. The phases in the catalysts were Co--xMgxO solid solutions, α-Al2O3, and γ-Al2O3. The surface particle size of the catalysts varied with variations in the molar ratios of Co to Mg. The Co component of the Co1_xMgxO/Al2O3/FeCrAl catalysts played an important role in the catalytic activity for methane combustion. In the Co1-xMgxO/AluO3/FeCrAl series catalyst （x=0.2-0.8）, the catalytic activity in terms of x was in the order of 0.5〉0.2〉0.8 under the experimental conditions. The presence of Mg in these catalysts could promote the thermal stability to a large extent. There were strong interactions between the Co1-xMgxO oxides and the AluO3/FeCrAl supports.     

Effect of Ni Loading and Reaction Conditions on Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas

The partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas is studied in this paper over Ni/Al2O3 catalysts under atmospheric pressure. The effects of Ni loading on the activity and stability of catalysts with 5 mm α-Al2O3 and θ-Al2O3 pellets as supports were measured in a continuous fixed bed reactor. It is found that the optimum Ni loading is 10%. And the effect of reaction conditions on partial oxidation of methane is also studied. The methane conversion and CO selectivity increase with the increase of the reaction temperature and the space velocity on 10%Ni/α-Al2O3 catalysts. The best CH4/O2 mole ratio is 2 for CO selectivity, and the optimum space velocity is 5.4x105 h-1.     

Catalytic activity of Mn-substituted barium hexaaluminates for methane combustion

The catalysts of hexaaluminate (BaMnxAl12-xO19-δ , x = 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0) to be used in methane combustion have been successfully synthesized by co-precipitation method and supercritical drying. The crystalline structure and surface area of catalyst were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nitrogen adsorption analysis of BET method. BET analysis revealed that the preparing and drying method proposed here provides stable materials with higher surface area of 51.4 m2/g in comparison to materials prepared using conventional ambient drying method for BaMnxAl12?xO19-δ calcined at 1200℃ under oxygen. XRD analysis indicated that formation of a pure single phase BaMnxAl12-xO19-δ occurred up to x = 3 in the case of Mn-substituted barium hexaaluminates. Incorporation of Mn in excess leads to BaAl2O4 phase formation. As far as the valence state of Manganese ions was concerned, the introduced Mn ions were either divalent or trivalent. The first Mn ions were introduced in the matrix essentially as Mn2 and only for BaMn3Al9O19-δ does manganese exist exclusively as Mn3 ; the higher the Mn concen- tration, the higher the proportion of Mn3 . Catalytic activity for methane combustion has been measured for Mn-substituted barium hexaaluminates, light-off temperature was observed in the 512-624℃ range. The highest activity was obtained for catalysts containing 3 Mn ions per unit cell, which reveals that the BaMnxAl12-xO19-δ catalyst was a promising methane combustion catalyst with high activity and good thermal stability. Temperature programmed reduction (TPR) under hydrogen has been used to correlate the catalytic activity with the amount of easily reducible species.     

Low Temperature Catalytic Combustion of Ethanol over Pt/γ-Al_2O_3/Ce_xZr_(1-x)O_2 Honeycomb Catalysts

It has been found that the catalytic activity toward the decomposition of ethanol in a fix bed reactor can be greatly improved by loading Pt on the surface of CexZr1-xO2. In this study, we have investigated the effects of different x of Pt/γ-Al2O3/CexZr1-xO2 on the catalytic activity of catalysts. The prepared catalysts were characterized by BET, XRD, and TPR. The BET surface areas of the catalysts decreased with x decreasing. XRD results reveal that deposited Pt dispersed on the CexZr1-xO2 and γ-Al2O3 matrix. The order of catalytic activities is Pt/y-Al2O3/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2＞Pt/γ-Al2O3/Ce0.25Zr0.75O2＞Pt/γ-Al2O2/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2＞Pt/y-Al2O3/CeO2＞Pt/γ-Al2O3/ZrO2. Among the catalysts, the reduction peak area of Pt/γ-Al2O3/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 is the largest and the oxygen mobility is noticeably pro-moted, which is in good harmony with the catalytic activity. Incorporation of ZrO2 into the CeO2 lattice considerably decreases the destruction temperature for ethanol. Based on these observations, the mechanistic role of oxygen mo-bility in the oxidation reaction has been suggested.     

Modified Ceria-Zirconia Fluorite-Like Catalysts for the Combustion of Methane

For dispersed ceria-zirconia-based solid solutions prepared via the polymerized complex method and annealed at 700℃, effects of bulk doping by Ca, Mn, Co, Bi or Nb cations and surface modification by Mn and Pt on their structural features, surface/bulk oxygen reactivity and catalytic activity in methane combustion are considered. With up to 20 mol% doping, a structural type of homogeneous solid solutions of anion-deficient fluorite with disordered anion vacancies is formed. Doping by transition metal cations or Pt increases the mobility and reactivity of the surface/bulk oxygen. A broad variation in specific rates of methane combustion for the studied systems was observed, suggesting structural sensitivity of this reaction. In general, there is no universal relationship between the oxygen mobility, the reactivity and the catalytic activity in methane combustion, which is explained by the factor of specific methane activation on surface active sites. For the Pt-promoted samples, Pt efficiency in methane activation depends on the Pt-support interaction, and the most favorable ones being mixed Pt/MnOx and Pt/NbOx clusters on the surface of the supports that exhibit high lattice oxygen mobilities.     

Catalytic combustion of methane over nano ZrO2-supported copper-based catalysts

The nano ZrO2-supported copper-based catalysts for methane combustion were investigated by means of N2 adsorption, TEM, XRD, H2-TPR techniques and the test of methane oxidation. Two kinds of ZrO2 were used as support, one （ZrO2-1） was obtained from the commercial ZrO2 and the other （ZrO2-2） was issued from the thermal decomposition of zirconium nitrate. It was found that the CuO/ZrO2-2 catalyst was more active than CuO/ZrO2-1. N2 adsorption, H2-TPR and XRD measurements showed that larger surface area, better reduction property, presence of tetragonal ZrO2 and higher dispersion of active component for CuO/ZrO2-2 than that of CuO/ZrO2-1. These factors could be the dominating reasons for its higher activity for methane combustion.     

Metathesis of Butylene-2 and Ethylene to Propylene over 3.0Mo／（Hβ＋γ-Al2O3） Catalysts with Different γ-Al2O3 Contents

A series of 3. OMo/(Hβ γ-Al2O3) samples with γ-Al2O3 contents in the range of 0-100% (mass fraction) was studied by means of XRD, NH3-TPD, TPR and BET determinations for characterizing their structures. The Hβ zeolite structure in the 3.0Mo/Hβ sample can be effectively stabilized by adding some γ-Al2O3 to Hβ zeolite. γ-Al2O3 mainly favors the formation of polymolybdate or multilayered Mo oxide, while Hβ mainly forms the Al2(MoO4)3 species, as evaluated by the TPR technique. When used as the catalyst for the metathesis of butylene-2 and ethylene to propylene, there exists a close correlation between the specific surface area and stability of the catalyst. The specific surface area of the catalyst shows the maximum when (Hβ γ-Al2O3) contains 30%γ-Al2O3, which is in agreement with that of the time needed for the reaction stablization. In the case of maximum surface area, the rate of coke deposition is the minimum.     

CH_4 reforming with CO_2 for syngas production over La_2O_3 promoted Ni catalysts supported on mesoporous nanostructured γ-Al_2O_3

Nanostructured γ-Al2O3 with high surface area and mesoporous structure was synthesized by sol-gel method and employed as catalyst support for nickel catalysts in methane reforming with carbon dioxide. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, N2adsorption-desorption,TPR, TPO, TPH, NH3-TPD and SEM techniques. The BET analysis showed a high surface area of 204 m2 g-1and a narrow pore-size distribution centered at a diameter of 5.5 nm for catalyst support. The BET results revealed that addition of lanthanum oxide to aluminum oxide decreased the specific surface area. In addition, TPR results showed that addition of lanthanum oxide increased the reducibility of nickel catalyst. The catalytic evaluation results showed an increase in methane conversion with increasing lanthanum oxide to 3 mol% and further increase in lanthanum content decreased the catalytic activity. TPO analysis revealed that the coke deposition decreased with increasing lanthanum oxide to 3 mol%. SEM and TPH analyses confirmed the formation of whisker type carbon over the spent catalysts. Addition of steam and O2 to dry reforming feed increased the methane conversion and led to carbon free operation in combined processes.     

MnOx/Al2O3/Ce0.45Zr0.45M0.10Oy （M = Mn, Y, La） catalysts used for ethanol catalytic combustion

MnOx/Al2O3/Ce0.45Zr0.45M0.10Oy (M = Mn,Y,La) catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and characterized by BET,TPR and XRD analyses.The catalytic activities toward ethanol combustion were investigated in a microreactor.The results demonstrated that the catalytic activity of MnOx/Al2O3/Ce0.50Zr0.50O2 monolithic catalyst could be improved by doping Mn,Y and La into Ce0.50Zr0.50O2.When doping Y into Ce0.50Zr0.50O2,the catalyst MnOx/Al2O3/Ce0.45Zr0.45Y0.10O1.95 showed the highest activity.The 100% conversion temperature of ethanol was 230 ℃.Furthermore,once the conversion of ethanol started,the complete conversion was quickly achieved.The doping of Mn,Y and La led to better activity for ethanol combustion and lower temperature reduction peaks in TPR profiles.The doping of Mn resulted in enhanced oxygen storage capacity (OSC),larger area of the reduction peaks,and excellent reactivity,and the doping of Y resulted in the lowest reduction temperature and the best activity.     

Al含量对Pt-S2O82-/ZrO2-Al2O3型固体超强酸催化剂异构化性能的影响

通过向S₂O₈^2-/ZrO₂催化剂中同时引入适量的Pt和Al₂O₃, 制备出了具有较高催化性能和高稳定性的Pt-S₂O₈^2-/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃型固体超强酸催化剂. 以正戊烷异构化反应为探针, 考察了Al含量对催化剂的异构化性能的影响, 并采用XRD, BET, FTIR, TPR, TG-DTA, NH₃-TPD和ICP手段对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, Al能够延迟ZrO₂的晶化温度, 抑制硫的分解; Al能够增加催化剂的比表面积, 增强硫氧键的结合, 提高催化剂的还原性能, 增加催化剂的酸强度和酸总量. 当Al₂O₃质量分数为2.5%时, Pt-S₂O₈^2-/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃固体超强酸催化剂的催化活性最高, 正戊烷异构化收率可达60.02%, 选择性在98.2％以上.     

Autothermal reforming of methane over Ni catalysts supported over ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3

Ni catalysts supported on Al2O3, ZrO2-Al2O3, CeO2-Al2O3 and ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 were prepared by coprecipitation method, and their catalytic performances for autothermal reforming of methane to hydrogen were investigated. The Ni-supported catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPR and XPS. The relationship between the structures and catalytic activities of the catalysts was discussed. The results showed that the catalytic activity and stability of the Ni/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst was better than those of other catalysts with the highest CH4 conversion, H2/CO and H2/COx ratio at 750 ℃. The catalyst showed a little deactivation along the reaction time during its 72 h on stream with the mean deactivation rate of 0.08%/h. The catalytic performance of the Ni/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst was also affected by reaction temperature, no2 ： nCH4 molar ratio and nH2O ： nCH4 molar ratio. TPR, XRD and XPS measurements indicated that the formation of ZrO2-CeO2 solid solution could improve the dispersion of NiO, and inhibit the formation of NiAl2O3, and thus significantly promoted the catalytic activity of the Ni/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst.     

Ni／ZrO2-Al2O3制备表征及催化性能的研究

本文采用浸渍沉淀法制备了不同配比的ZrO2-Al2O3复合载体。并通过浸渍法制备Ni/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂,以苯加氢制环己烷反应为探针,考察了ZrO2与Al2O3的配比对Ni催化剂催化加氢性能的影响;采用X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(TPR)、程序升温脱附(TPD)等技术考察复合载体对Ni催化剂的体相结构、还原性能以及表面吸附性能的影响。研究结果表明,ZrO2质量分数为20%的复合载体所负载的Ni催化剂有很好的加氢活性,优于单组分载体负载的Ni催化剂;采用浸渍沉淀法制备的ZrO2-Al2O3复合载体中ZrO2以非晶态形式存在,这是由于Al2O3的存在影响了ZrO2的内部结构;该载体负载的Ni催化剂较其他催化剂更容易被还原,吸附中心数量增加。     

催化精馏专用填料型固体酸SO42-/ZrO2-Al2O3-Al的研究

为了研制催化精馏专用催化剂,采用铝阳极氧化法制备了Al2O3-Al一体型载体,并将活性固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2引入到Al2O3-Al上,得到一种新型催化精馏专用填料式固体酸SO42-/ZrO2-Al2O3-Al催化剂.利用XRD、 SEM、 BET、 XPS、 NH3-TPD等手段对其进行了表征.结果表明,所制得的阳极氧化铝膜厚为56 μm, SO42-/ZrO2-Al2O3-Al固体酸具有比表面积大、酸强度适中的特点.XRD结果表明, ZrO2在Al2O3-Al上处于高度分散状态.将该固体酸用于乙酸/乙醇酯化反应中,显示出较高的催化活性,且稳定性较好.     

TiO2-Al2O3作为Mo催化剂担体的研究

Tio。－AI。oa二元氧化物的制备at艺大体可分为两种．一种是利用液相浸渍或气相沉积方法将Tio。担载在AI。0。上，使Tio。主要覆盖在AI。0。表面上［‘－1另一种是通过Ti盐和AI盐混合溶液共沉淀方法使Tio。和AI。0。均匀混合在一起【‘－’1．不同的制备工艺对Tio。－AI。03的表面结构和表面性质有很大影响问．我们曾报导用TICly蒸气化学气相沉积方法制备出了D02在1川2O3表面呈现十分均匀分布的DoZ一周。03复合氧化物担体＊’1．本文进一步考察D0。在周。0。表面的沉积对川。0。孔结构的影响，以及Ti02－A1203作为加氢精制MO催…     

ZrO2负载量对负载型纳米ZrO2/Al2O3复合载体的结构及性能影响

ZrO2在基载体Al2O3表面存在分散阈值(0.242 g/gAl2O3).在ZrO2/Al2O3复合载体中,ZrO2负载量不同其分布和粒度大小不同,当ZrO2负载量在0.242 g/gAl2O3-0.60 g/gAl2O3的范围内,ZrO2/Al2O3复合载体中纳米ZrO2的粒子的大小保持在4.2 nm,且单层分布在Al2O3的表面.当ZrO2负载量大于0.60 g/gAl2O3时,纳米粒子的粒径增大,并出现多层分布或堆积.XRD、DSC、HRTEM、XPS、H2-TPR结果表明,随着ZrO2负载量增大,复合载体中纳米ZrO2的分布由单层分布转化为多层或堆积分布,ZrO2负载量为0.60 g/gAl2O3时复合载体表面积最大(164.3 m2/g),ZrO2负载量的继续提高,复合载体的表面积明显下降.     

Ce0.50Zr0.50O2中掺杂M(M = Mn,Y)对乙酸乙酯燃烧催化剂MnOx/Ce0.50-zZr0.50-zM2zOy/Al2O3性能的影响

考察了乙酸乙酯催化燃烧时,铈锆固溶体中掺杂M (M = Mn, Y)对催化剂MnO_x/Ce_0.50-zZr_0.50-zM_2zO_y/Al₂O₃活性的影响。结果表明: Mn的掺杂明显增加了储氧材料的储氧量(OSC),Y的掺杂明显降低了催化剂的还原温度;Mn 和Y的同时掺杂兼具Mn掺杂和Y掺杂的优点。催化剂MnO_x/Ce_0.40Zr_0.40Mn_0.10Y_0.10O_y/Al₂O₃ 性能最佳,完全转化温度为513K,且T_10% 和 T_100%间隔的温度范围最窄,可适用于较大初始浓度变化范围和较高空速(GHSV)条件下的乙酸乙酯净化。H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)和X射线衍射(XRD)测试显示,MnO_x/Ce_0.40Zr_0.40Mn_0.10Y_0.10O_y/Al₂O₃具有较低的还原温度和较大的还原峰面积; Mn 和Y进入铈锆固溶体的晶格,改善了其织构性能,促进了锰氧化物在载体表面的分散。     

掺杂助剂Ce和Zr的Ni/Al2O3催化剂的X光电子能谱分析

以Na2CO3为沉淀剂,在pH 9.0的沉淀条件下,采用并流沉淀法制备了Ni/Al2O3、Ni/CeO2-Al2O3、Ni/ZrO2-Al2O3和Ni/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O34种催化剂,催化剂中Ni负载量(质量分数)为10%。采用XPS表征手段及常压固定床反应器对催化剂进行活性评价,考察了助剂Ce和Zr及二者的协同作用对Ni基催化剂表面物种结合能的影响以及对甲烷自热重整制氢反应性能的影响。结果表明,助剂Ce和Zr的添加及二者的协同作用对Ni基催化剂表面各物种的结合能均有一定的影响,结合评价结果可知,Ce和Zr二者的协同作用对Ni基催化剂的催化性能提高最大。     

Selective catalytic oxidation of NO with O2 over Ce-doped MnOx/TiO2 catalysts

A series of Ce-doped MnOx/TiO2 catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and used for catalytic oxidation of NO in the presence of excess O2. The sample with the Ce doping concentration of Ce/Mn=1/3 and calcined at 300°C shows a superior activity for NO oxidation to NO2. On Ce(1)Mn(3)Ti catalyst, 58% NO conversion was obtained at 200°C and 85% NO conversion at 250°C with a GHSV of 41000 h-1, which was much higher than that over MnOx/TiO2 catalyst (48% at 250°C). Characterization results implied that the higher activity of Ce(1)Mn(3)Ti could be attributed to the enrichment of well-dispersed MnOx on the surface and the abundance of Mn3+ and Ti3+ species. The addition of Ce into MnOx/TiO2 could improve oxygen storage capacity and facilitate oxygen mobility of the catalyst as shown by PL and ESR, so that its activity for NO oxidation could be enhanced. The effect of H2O and SO2 on the catalyst activity was also investigated.