金属胶束催化体系中经Turing分支形成的空间有序结构与催化活性

摘要基于金属胶束催化反应的三元复合物动力学模型, 分析了金属胶束作为一类特殊的超分子体系, 其参与催化反应的特殊动力学行为与体系中可能出现的自组织结构的关系. 研究结果表明, 在一定的边界条件下, 即使基元反应是线性化学反应步骤, 由于扩散步骤与化学反应的耦合, 以及非理想性的组分热力学行为, 也将不可避免地出现经Turing分支形成的浓度场空间自组织. 计算结果表明, 这种宏观有序结构的形成将使金属胶束催化体系中呈现出以存在反应活性极高的位点为特征的反应活性的空间有序分布; 从自组织理论的角度对这类胶束体系催化活性的时空有序特征给予一定程度的阐释.     

反相胶束对辣根过氧化物酶催化反应的影响

胶束体系是酶学研究比较理想的体系,因为它所具有的诸如热力学稳定、光学透明及能增溶亲水分子、亲油分子或两性分子等性质,使许多酶在胶束体系中的反应速率远远高于在水相中,即人们发现的所谓“超活性”［‘j．辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）是一种比较稳定的酶,且价廉易得,具备一般过氧化物酶的典型反应．在研究中人们发现,HRP在反相胶束体系中同样具有“超活性”,由于HRP能够催化大量底物进行反应,因此“超活性”对HRP的催化反应具有重要意义．已有研究者［’、’j对CTAB反相胶束体系中HRP的性质进行了探讨,但反相胶束对HRP的…     

典型超分子体系在放射化学领域的应用

本文主要通过评述两类超分子体系和离子印迹聚合物对重要金属离子的分离研究,阐明超分子化学在放射化学领域的重要应用。第一类超分子体系所含的主体分子有冠醚、杯芳烃、杯芳冠醚等大环化合物。第二类超分子体系主要有反胶束、微乳液和液膜。离子印迹聚合物通过超分子的识别功能实现对离子的选择性分离,而在液膜分离技术中,超分子的输运功能得到了很好的诠释。本文还对超分子化学在放射化学领域的应用前景作了分析展望。     

基于非共价键作用的二嵌段共聚物/均聚物超分子体系的自组装行为

采用实空间求解的自洽场理论,研究了两亲性二嵌段共聚物(AB)/均聚物(C)超分子体系在溶液中的自组装行为,其中B疏水嵌段的自由末端与C均聚物的一个末端形成可逆的非共价键.在稀溶液中,AB/C超分子聚合物体系通过自组装形成了一系列不同形貌的胶束,如核-壳-冠的三层胶束和蠕虫状胶束等.研究发现,胶束形貌受到非共价键强度和初...     

分子纳米技术与金属有机分子纳米体系

基于超分子自组装的分子纳米技术是一种新兴的高新技术。本文从金属矢量操纵的自组装分子纳米体系、自组装的纳米微反应器与超分子催化和自组装金属超分子高分子纳米材料等三个方面评述了分子纳米技术及其在构筑金属有机分子纳米体系中的发展现状 ,进一步阐述了“金属矢量”的概念 ,并首次提出建立“自组装子工具箱” ,探讨了分子纳米技术的发展方向。     

一维超分子体系的研究进展

超分子化学是一个新兴领域,但现今对形成超分子体系所需要的超分子非共价键作用力的理解还不是很全面。文章介绍了几个典型的通过金属配位作用、氢键、π-π堆积、疏水作用和多个非共价键共同作用等自组装的一维超分子体系,以期为超分子的设计提供理论依据。     

有机反应的微环境效应—手性胶束中的交叉Aldol反应

有机反应的微环境效应——手性胶束中的交叉Ａｌｄｏｌ反应张永敏孙培培（杭州大学化学系３１００２８）微环境效应在有机反应中起着重要作用，如手性胶束体系能为反应提供一个立体规整性的微环境［１］。利用胶束及类似聚集体和受物形成的超分子体系进行不对称反应近年来...     

配位超分子自组装

配位超分子化学是研究存在配位相互作用的超分子体系的化学,其中配位键对超分子体系的形成和功能具有重要作用。配位超分子材料,又称为金属-有机材料(metal-organic materials,MOMs),既包括具有特定外形、尺寸或空腔的分立、寡聚配合物(如配位多边形和多面体、螺旋体、轮烷、索烃等),也包含由数目不定的组分自发组装而成的无限/多聚配位聚集体(如配位聚合物、金属-有机框架和金属-有机凝胶)等。配位超分子化学的发展很大程度上依赖于配位超分子自组装方法的发展,而各种可设计、可预测、可调控的精准巧妙的配位自组装策略的涌现,不但将超分子化学推向前所未有的水平,同时也极大地丰富和提升了现代超分子化学合成方法与技术。本文主要介绍目前常见的一些配位超分子体系的制备与合成方法,特别是定向合成不同类型的配位超分子体系的组装策略与应用实例。     

胶束及反胶束微环境中的槲皮素金属配合物

无机金属元素可与中药活性有机化合物通过配位键结合形成配合物,进而影响药物的生理活性[1]。但配合物的形成往往改变了原有机成分的溶解性能(如水溶性或脂溶性),而表面活性胶束体系可使金属有机配合物的水溶性或脂溶性得到明显改善,从而提高药物的生物利用度和改善药物的吸收。然而,胶束体系中已有的研究多是针对单纯的有机化合物[2]或生物分子如蛋白质[3]等,而涉及金属配合物胶束溶液的则很少,尤其是反胶束微环境中的中药金属配合物。反胶束亦称W/O型微乳液,是双亲物质在非极性有机溶剂中自发形成的具有纳米尺寸的含有水核的微小胶团聚集…     

多酸-环糊精超分子体系的研究进展

综合评述了近些年来基于环糊精的多金属氧簇超分子体系的代表性工作, 以参与构建的多酸-环糊精超分子复合物中不同多酸的结构类型为分类依据进行了相应的归纳概述. 希望本文可以引起读者对于多金属氧簇-环糊精超分子体系的研究兴趣, 并为研究者提供一些新的思路和启发.     

Self-Associating Systems of Alkylated 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octanes with Ag(I) and Gd(III) Complexes for Increasing the Solubility of Griseofulvin and Orange OT

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - Novel metallomicellar systems have been created on the basis of amphiphilic metallocomplexes of 1-hexadecyl-4-aza-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane nitrate...     

Preparation of a new metallomicelle catalyst for the hydrolysis of bis(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate

A new metallomicellar system containing cerium(III), a macrocylic polyamine ligand, and the nonionic surfactant Brij35(polyoxyethylene(23) lauryl ether) was prepared and used as a catalyst in the hydrolysis of bis(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP). Catalytic rate of the BNPP hydrolysis was measured kinetically using the UV-VIS spectrophotometric method. The results indicate that the metallomicellar system has relatively high stability and excellent catalytic function in the BNPP hydrolysis; also, the reaction rate of the BNPP catalytic hydrolysis increased by a factor of ca. 1 × 10¹⁰ compared to the BNPP spontaneous hydrolysis due to the catalytic effect of the active species and the local concentration effect of the micelles in the metallomicellar system. Experimental results also showed that the mono-hydroxy complex containing the macrocyclic polyamine ligand and cerium(III) is the real active species in the BNPP catalytic hydrolysis, and that the micelles provide a useful catalytic environment for the reaction. On basis of the research results, the reaction mechanism of BNPP catalytic hydrolysis has been proposed.     

Function of the Metallomicelle from an Aza-Crown Ether Complex with an Acetamide Branch as a Highly Potent Promoter of Phosphate Diester Hydrolytic Cleavage

This study reports the synthesis method of a new aza-crown ether with an acetamide branch ligand, 2-(1,10-dioxa-4,7,13,16-tetraaza-cyclooctadec-4-yl)-acetamide (L), and determines the chemical composition of the cerium complex containing the aza-crown ether ligand by a new fluorescence spectrophotometric method. In the report, the cerium complex and its metallomicellar systems were used as catalysts in the hydrolysis of bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate ester (BNPP), and their catalytic activity was studied by the comparative method. The interaction between the metallomicelle and BNPP was proved by the fluorescence spectrum. The catalytic rate of BNPP hydrolysis was measured kinetically using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. The results indicated that the metallomicellar system of the anionic surfactant exhibited excellent catalytic function and relatively higher catalytic activity than that of the complex solution, the metallomicelle of nonionic and cationic surfactants, and the micelle provided an effective catalytic environment for the catalytic reaction. The experimental results also showed that the best acidity for the metallomicelle catalysis is pH 8.0, and the mono-hydroxy complex may be the real active species uaed as a catalyst in BNPP catalytic hydrolysis. The reaction mechanism was proposed on the basis of the research results.     

仿酶催化与绿色化学

仿酶催化是绿色化学研究中的一个重要课题。本文简要论述了仿酶催化研究的一些新进展,包括功能环糊精和桥联环糊精仿酶研究、双核铜酶的模拟、咪唑环番仿酶新体系、手性金属胶束体系以及新型手性口恶唑硼烷化学酶。     

Activity of a New Metallomicelle Catalytic System on the Hydrolysis of bis(4-nitrophenyl) Phosphate Ester

A new metallomicellar system containing cerium ion (III), a macrocylic polyamine ligand and the hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was constructed and used as catalyst in the hydrolysis of bis(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate ester (BNPP). The catalytic rate of BNPP hydrolysis was measured kinetically with UV-vis spectrophotometric method. The results indicated that the metallomicellar system exhibited relatively high stability and excellent catalytic function in BNPP hydrolysis, and the reaction rate of the BNPP catalytic hydrolysis, compared with BNPP spontaneous hydrolysis, increased by a factor of ca. 1 × 10⁸ due to the catalytic effect of the active species and the local concentration effect of the micelle in metallomicellar system. The experimental results also showed that the mono-hydroxy complex made of the macrocyclic polyamine ligand and cerium (III) is the real active species as catalyst in BNPP catalytic hydrolysis, and the micelles provide a useful catalytic environment for reaction. On the basis of the research results, the reaction mechanism of BNPP catalytic hydrolysis was proposed in this work.     

Stereochemical study of phosphonothioate cleavage by a metallomicelle

[reaction: see text] The copper metallomicellar hydrolysis of O-methyl O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate to O-methyl phenylphosphonothioic acid takes place with effectively complete inversion at phosphorus.     

Metallomicellar catalysis: accelerated hydrolysis of BNPP by copper(II), zinc(II), and nickel(II) complexes of long alkanol-imidazole in CTAB micellar solution

Two alkanol-imidazole ligands have been synthesized. Metal (Cu(II), Zn(II), Ni(II)) complexes of these ligands have been investigated as catalysts for the hydrolysis of bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP) in the buffered CTAB co-micellar solution at 30 degrees C and various pH values, respectively. The ternary complex kinetic model for metallomicellar catalysis was employed to analyze the results, to obtain the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. The effect of the structure of the ligands and the microenvironment of the reaction on the hydrolytic reaction of BNPP has been discussed in detail. The results indicate that the hydrophobic interaction between the substrate and the metallomicellar catalyst and the micellar microenvironment are important factors.     

HYDROLYSIS OF p-NTTROPHENYL PICOLINATE CATALYZED BY ZINC(H) OR NICKEL (II) COMPLEXES OF LONG ALKYL-PYRIDINES WITH HYDROXYL GROUPS IN MICELLAR SOLUTION

The ternary complex kinetic model for metallomicellar catalysis was employed to investigate the effect of Zn²⁺ ion or Ni²⁺ion complexes of long alkyl-pyridines with hydroxyl groups in micellar solution on the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl picolinate in this paper. The kinetic and the thermodynamic parameters (K _N, K _r, K _M) were obtained. More worthily, the effect of pH on the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl picolinate in metallomicellar phase was discussed quantitatively. The rate constant (K _N) of the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl picolinate in metallomicellar phase was obtained and compared with Cu²⁺ ion complex system. The results indicated that Cu²⁺ ion micelle, Ni²⁺ ion micelle and Zn²⁺ ion micelle all exhibited great catalytic effects on the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl picolinate. and the order of activity is:Cu²⁺ ion micelle ≥ Ni²⁺ ion micelle ≥ Zn²⁺ ion micell. Moreover, the reasonability of the ternary complex kinetic model was verified further.     

Interaction between Bifunctional Dioxo Macrocyclic Polyamine Co(II) Complex and DNA in Metallomicellar System

Artificial enzymes are non-protein molecules that are more simple than natural enzymes, but they also possess high efficiency and specificity. In recent years, the study of enzyme models is one of the most active fields1-2, especially chemical nuclease. Micelles, dynamic colloidal aggregates formed by amphipathic surfactant molecules, can mimic the hydrophobic structure of active site of enzymes because they offer a hydrophobic microenviornment which is similar to the important part located …     

Synthesis of new Cu(II)-chelating ligand amphiphiles and their esterolytic properties in cationic micelles

Four new tetradentate 2,6-disubstituted pyridine and tridentate 2-substituted pyridine ligands were synthesized. Two of these compounds possessed a metal ion binding subunit in the form of a 2,6-disubstituted-4-N,N'-dimethylamine pyridine moiety. Cu(2+)-complexes of these ligands incorporated in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr) micelles speeded the cleavage of p-nitrophenyldiphenyl phosphate and p-nitrophenyl hexanoate at pH 7.6. On the basis of a kinetic version of Job plot analysis, a 1:1 ligand/Cu(2+) stoichiometry was found to be the most active species. In CTABr micelles, the pK(a) values for the Cu(2+)-coordinated hydroxyl or pendant -CH(2)OH in these ligands were between 7.8 and 7.9. The metallomicellar systems displayed catalytic (turnover) behavior in the presence of excess substrates.