La1-xSrxCoO3-δ体系中缺陷形成与输运过程研究

利用碘滴定法测定了钙钛矿型复合氧化物La1-xSrxCoO3-δ系列样品中金属元素的平均价态及氧的非化学计量值。实验发现:La1-xSrxCoO3-δ样品中的Co元素的平均价态随Sr掺杂量x的增加先增后减,室温下,在x=0.5时取最大值,温度升高,最大值移至x=0.4处。实验还发现,样品的电导率和330 K时的内耗峰峰高随Sr掺杂量x的变化也有类似极值,且极值点也分别出现在0.4和0.5左右,表明复合氧化物La1-xSrxCoO3-δ中的电子传导是通过极化子进行的。对于同一Sr掺杂量的样品,Co元素平均价态随温度的增加而减小。     

Pr2-xSrx CoO4±λ催化剂的合成及对CO还原NO的活性

采用聚乙二醇凝胶法合成了Co系稀土复合氧化物Pr2-xSrxCoO4±λ(0.2≤x≤1.0),以CO还原NO为探针反应及XRD、IR、TPR、XPS和化学分析等方法对催化剂的组成、结构进行了表征.结果表明所有样品都具有K2NiF4型结构,x=0.2和x=1.0时,样品中有少量杂相,0.6≤x≤1.0时,形成的复合氧化物除T相外尚有少量T*相生成;Pr2-xSrxCoO4±λ复合氧化物中Co3+的含量及非化学计量氧(λ)随x增大而增加;CO还原NO的催化活性与Co3+含量以及氧空位浓度有关.     

Pr_(2-x)Sr_xCoO_(4±λ)催化剂的合成及对CO还原NO的活性

采用聚乙二醇凝胶法合成了Co系稀土复合氧化物Pr2-xSrxCoO4±λ(0.2≤x≤1.0),以CO还原NO为探针反应及XRD、IR、TPR、XPS和化学分析等方法对催化剂的组成、结构进行了表征.结果表明:所有样品都具有K2NiF4型结构,x=0.2和x=1.0时,样品中有少量杂相,0.6≤x≤1.0时,形成的复合氧化物除T相外尚有少量T*相生成;Pr2-xSrxCoO4±λ复合氧化物中Co3+的含量及非化学计量氧(λ)随x增大而增加;CO还原NO的催化活性与Co3+含量以及氧空位浓度有关.     

CeO2对低氟连铸保护渣转折温度和结晶性能的影响

研究了低氟条件下,稀土氧化物CeO2对连铸保护渣转折温度和结晶性能的影响,同时与常规的高氟连铸保护渣性能进行了对比分析。结果表明：在碱度R较低的条件下,随着CeO2含量的升高,转折温度和结晶温度均有先下降后上升的趋势;在碱度较高的情况下,CeO2的加入将明显提高连铸保护渣的转折温度和凝固温度。     

铈锆氧化物纳米粉的合成及催化性能研究

采用改进的高分子凝胶法在较低温度下合成了铈锆氧化物固溶体Ce1-xZrxO2.这种合成方法对于合成亚稳相的复合氧化物是独特而有效的.XRD分析表明,当x=0～0.6时,固溶体为立方相结构;当x=0.7～0.9时,固溶体具有四方相结构;晶胞体积随x的增大呈线性减小;固溶体在1000 ℃以下具有稳定的相结构.从透射电镜图可以看出,产物的粒径在10～20 nm之间.TPR实验显示,当CeO2的摩尔含量为40%～60%时,铈锆氧化物固溶体的催化活性最好.     

Eu2掺杂SiAION基复相荧光粉物相组成及发光性能的研究

采用高温固相法合成了由Ca-α-SiAlON:Eu2+(α相)和β-SiAlON:Eu2+(β相)两相组成的Ca0 25-xSi9.9 Al2.1O16 N14.4:xEu2+系列荧光粉,研究了Eu掺杂浓度及烧结条件对其物相组成及发光性能的影响.结果表明,在0.5 MPa氮气气氛下,1700℃保温1h的产物中α相质量分数随x值增大先减小后增大,于x =0.025时达到最小值27.0％；产物中α相含量随烧结温度升高而增大,在1900℃时达到55.2％.此体系荧光粉的激发和发射强度与α相含量成正比例关系,且发射峰位置随α相含量增多发生红移.     

反应法去除近共沸浓度乙醇-水混合物中水的宏观动力学研究

 针对乙醇汽油制备过程中乙醇原料的除水问题,提出了用反应法除去近共沸浓度乙醇中水的新技术路线,着重进行了近共沸乙醇-水混合物与异丁烯水合醚化反应的宏观反应动力学研究. 实验以β分子筛为催化剂,在2.0 MPa和313～363 K的条件下考察了搅拌速度、乙醇中初始水含量、烯水比和温度等因素对水的转化率和叔丁醇选择性的影响. 结果表明,乙醇对异丁烯水合反应有先促进后抑制的作用,而水对异丁烯醚化反应影响较小; 水的转化率随烯水比的增大而增大,随乙醇中初始水含量的增大而减小,随着温度的升高呈现先增大后减小的趋势. 叔丁醇的选择性随初始水含量的增大而增大. 基于实验结果和Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson理论,充分考虑反应体系的高度非理想性,以活度代替浓度建立了宏观反应动力学模型; 采用混合进化算法对模型进行求解,结果表明模型计算值与实验值可较好地吻合.     

SO2在Fe2O3颗粒表面不同温度下非均相反应的实验模拟

使用漫反射Fourier变换红外光谱(DFTIRS)、离子色谱(IC)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)对不同温度条件下SO2在α-Fe2O3颗粒表面的非均相反应过程进行实验模拟和监测,并分析了反应剧烈波段(8.7μm)的产物硫酸盐以及颗粒吸收和后向散射光学系数的变化.结果表明,在15-45℃内,硫酸盐生成量、生成速率以及吸收系数、后向散射系数都随反应温度的升高而呈现先增加后减少的趋势;同一反应温度下,硫酸盐生成速率随时间呈现先增大后减小,最后逐渐趋于稳定的演变;光学系数变化与硫酸盐生成量之间存在较好的指数关系.在当前全球气候变暖背景下,研究结果将对深入了解真实大气中SO2与矿尘非均相反应造成的气溶胶光学特性演变,以及定量评估其辐射强迫影响具有一定意义.     

La~2~-~xSr~xNiO~4~-~λ系列催化剂结构与氨氧化活性的关系

本文报道了La~2~-~xSr~xNiO~4~-~λ(0≤x≤1)系列复合氧化物的固体结构性质和用于氨的氧化制硝酸的催化性能。La~2~-~xSr~xNiO~4~-~λ的晶胞体积V随x的增大而逐渐减小;c轴在x≤0.5前逐渐增大,在x≥0.5后逐渐减小。α轴在x≤0.5前逐渐减小,在x≥0.5后基本保持恒定。在x≤0.5前,La~2~-~xSr~xNiO~4~-~λ中存在氧过剩,在x≥0.5后存在氧缺陷。TPD表明,α氧(吸附在氧缺陷上的氧)在x=0.6时出现极大,β氧(晶格氧)随x增大而逐渐增大。La~2~-~xSr~xNiO~4~-~λ的氧化还原能力,Ni^3^+的量,氨氧化的NO选择性都随x增大而增加。由此得出,Ni^3^+是催化剂的活性离子,β氧是氨的氧化的活性氧种,在La~2~-~xSr~xNiO~4~-~λ上的氨的氧化遵循氧化还原(Redox)机理。     

TiO2选择性富集的物理化学行为

创造合适的物理化学条件,可使富钛还原性熔渣体系(CaO SiO2 TiOx MgO Al2O3)中的钛组分在化学位梯度的驱使下,选择性地富集于钙钛矿相中,从而便于分离与提取.促进钛组分选择性富集的物理化学成因可归结为:将熔渣在高温下氧化,可使渣中低价钛转变为四价钛而增加TiO2活度;此外,提高熔渣碱度可增加渣中CaO活度,这些均增强了钙钛矿析出反应 TiO2＋CaO = CaTiO3(s)的热力学趋势,促使渣中的TiO2尽可能与CaO结合生成钙钛矿并随之析出.实验结果表明,将碱度调整在1.3的熔渣彻底氧化,可使其中80％左右的TiO2富集于钙钛矿相中,其富集程度相对于调质与氧化前增加约一倍.     

Sc2MgGa2 and Y2MgGa2

Scandium magnesium gallide, Sc₂MgGa₂, and yttrium magnesium gallide, Y₂MgGa₂, were synthesized from the corresponding elements by heating under an argon atmosphere in an induction furnace. These intermetallic compounds crystallize in the tetragonal Mo₂FeB₂‐type structure. All three crystallographically unique atoms occupy special positions and the site symmetries of (Sc/Y, Ga) and Mg are m2m and 4/m, respectively. The coordinations around Sc/Y, Mg and Ga are pentagonal (Sc/Y), tetragonal (Mg) and triangular (Ga) prisms, with four (Mg) or three (Ga) additional capping atoms leading to the coordination numbers [10], [8+4] and [6+3], respectively. The crystal structure of Sc₂MgGa₂ was determined from single‐crystal diffraction intensities and the isostructural Y₂MgGa₂ was identified from powder diffraction data.     

Electrochemical study of (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2 and (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2FeCl2

Summary The ability of [MoS₄]^2–, anions to be used as ligands for transition metal ions has been widely demonstrated, especially with Fe²⁺. The present study has been restricted to linear complexes such as (NEt₄)₂ [Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂] and (NEt₄)₂[Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂FeCl₂]. Their electrochemical properties are described: upon electrochemical reduction, these compounds yield MoS₂, as a black precipitate, and an iron complex in solution, assumed to be [SFeCl₂]^2–. The electrochemical reduction goes through two electron transfers, coupled with the breakdown of the molecular skeleton: a DISPl and an ECE mechanism. Depending on the solvent, the following equilibrium may be observed: [Cl₄Fe₂MoS₄]^2–[Cl₂FeMoS₄]^2–+FeCl₂. The equilibrium constant, K_D, was evaluated by differential pulse polarography. K_D is tightly related to the donor number of the solvent.     

The alkali hypophosphites KH2PO2, RbH2PO2 and CsH2PO2

The structures of the hypophosphites KH₂PO₂ (potassium hypophosphite), RbH₂PO₂ (rubidium hypophosphite) and CsH₂PO₂ (caesium hypophosphite) have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structures consist of layers of alkali cations and hypophosphite anions, with the latter bridging four cations within the same layer. The Rb and Cs hypophosphites are isomorphous.     

Zur Kenntnis der Dialkalimetalldichalkogenide β-Na2S2, K2S2, α-Rb2S2, β-Rb2S2, K2Se2, Rb2Se2, α-K2Te2, β-K2Te2 und Rb2Te2

On Dialkali Metal Dichalcogenides β-Na₂S₂, K₂S₂, α-Rb₂S₂, β-Rb₂S₂, K₂Se₂, Rb₂Se₂, α-K₂Te₂, β-K₂Te₂ and Rb₂Te₂ The first presentation of pure samples of α- and β-Rb₂S₂, α- and β-K₂Te₂, and Rb₂Te₂ is described. Using single crystals of K₂S₂ and K₂Se₂, received by ammonothermal synthesis, the structure of the Na₂O₂ type and by using single crystals of β-Na₂S₂ and β-K₂Te₂ the Li₂O₂ type structure will be refined. By combined investigations with temperature-dependent Guinier-, neutron diffraction-, thermal analysis, and Raman-spectroscopy the nature of the monotropic phase transition from the Na₂O₂ type to the Li₂O₂ type will be explained by means of the examples α-/β-Na₂S₂ and α-/β-K₂Te₂. A further case of dimorphic condition as well as the monotropic phase transition of α- and β-Rb₂S₂ is presented. The existing areas of the structure fields of the dialkali metal dichalcogenides are limited by the model of the polar covalence.     

Formal [(2+2)+2] and [(2+2)+(2+2)] nonconjugated dienediyne cascade cycloadditions

[reaction: see text] Fluoranthene 2 and heptacycle 3 are easily accessible from the reaction of diyne 1 and norbornadiene (NBD) in the presence of the rhodium catalyst. The unusual [(2+2)+(2+2)] adduct 3 was confirmed by the X-ray crystal structure analysis.     

Crystal Structures of [Bu2Sn(O2PPh2)2], [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2], and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2. Raman Spectra of [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2] and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2

[(n‐Bu)₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 1 ), and [Ph₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 2 ) have been synthesized by the reactions of R₂SnCl₂ (R=n‐Bu, Ph) with HO₂PPh₂ in Methanol. From the reaction of Ph₂SnCl₂ with diphenylphosphinic acid a third product [PhClSn(O₂PPh₂)OMe]₂ ( 3 ) could be isolated. X‐ray diffraction studies show 1 to crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 1303.7(1) pm, b = 2286.9(2) pm, c = 1063.1(1) pm, β = 94.383(6)°, and Z = 4. 2 crystallizes triclinic in the space group , the cell parameters being a = 1293.2(2) pm, b = 1478.5(4) pm, c = 1507.2(3) pm, α = 98.86(3)°, β = 109.63(2)°, γ = 114.88(2)°, and Z = 2. Both compounds form arrays of eight‐membered rings (SnOPO)₂ linked at the tin atoms to form chains of infinite length. The dimer 3 consists of a like ring, in which the tin atoms are bridged by methoxo groups. It crystallizes triclinic in space group with a = 946.4(1) pm, b = 963.7(1) pm, c = 1174.2(1) pm, α = 82.495(6)°, β = 66.451(6)°, γ = 74.922(6)°, and Z = 1 for the dimer. The Raman spectra of 2 and 3 are given and discussed.     

Die Photoionenspektren von SCl2, S2Cl2 und S2Br2

Photoionization Mass Spectra of SCl₂, S₂Cl₂, and S₂Br₂ Photoionization mass spectra of SCl₂, S₂Cl₂, and S₂Br₂ have been measured. Heats of formation, bond energies, and ionization potentials of fragments have been calculated from appearance potentials.