丝光沸石催化愈创木酚选择性烷基化反应的研究

本文研究了氢型丝光沸石催化愈创木酚(1)与莰烯(2)的选择性烷基化反应. 该烷基化反应产物萜基愈创木酚(3～6)中含5-异莰基愈创木酚(3a)25.0%, 经氢化, 氢解得萜基环己醇混合物, 含人造檀香主要成份反式-3-异莰基环己醇(7a)23.0%. 通过IR, ^1H NMR 和MS鉴定了烷基化产物色谱图中的5个主要化合物.     

邻苯二酚甲基化合成愈创木酚

愈创木酚是一种重要的化工原料 ,可用于合成止咳祛痰的药物愈创木酚磺酸钾和香料香兰素 .目前愈创木酚是由邻甲氧基苯胺重氮化反应制得 ,工艺路线长 ,产率低 .本文由邻苯二酚和硫酸二甲酯反应合成愈创木酚取得较好的结果     

基于脂肪酸的漂浮液滴固化分散液液微萃取-高效液相色谱法联用测定酒类样品中的4-乙基苯酚和4-乙基愈创木酚

建立了基于脂肪酸的漂浮液滴固化分散液液微萃取（FA-DLLME-SFO）方法,与高效液相色谱联用检测了酒类样品中的4-乙基苯酚和4-乙基愈创木酚。该方法萃取时间仅需4 min,仅需脂肪酸、氨水和硫酸3种对环境友好的试剂。对影响方法萃取效率的因素（包括样品的体积、萃取剂的种类和用量、氨水和硫酸的体积以及盐的加入量）进行了详细的考察。在最佳萃取条件下（10 mL样品,100 μL辛酸萃取剂,110 μL 25%～28%（质量分数）的氨水,0.8 mL 98%（质量分数）的浓硫酸,3.0 g NaCl）,4-乙基苯酚和4-乙基愈创木酚在0.02～1.0 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.9997和0.9999,相对标准偏差（n=3）分别为6.2%和3.5%,检出限分别为6.33和5.81 μg/L,富集倍数分别为79和86。在啤酒和白葡萄酒样品中,加标回收率为81.4%～108.7%,相对标准偏差（n=3）小于8.9%。该方法简单、对环境友好,可用于酒类样品中4-乙基苯酚和4-乙基愈创木酚的检测。     

蒸馏温度对核桃壳生物油馏分组分分布的影响

通过改变蒸馏温度对生物油进行常压蒸馏并将馏分分为油水两相，研究了馏分的组分分布变化。结果表明，在120-300℃随着蒸馏温度的升高，生物油馏出率不断增加；蒸馏温度低于240℃的油相馏分中萘、甲苯等芳烃类化合物和乙酸等羧酸类化合物明显富集，以120℃油相馏分为例，芳烃类和羧酸类化合物的相对含量是生物油原油的13.86倍和3.15倍；当蒸馏温度高于240℃时苯酚、愈创木酚等酚类化合物大量馏出，使得油相馏分的产率明显增加；同时，所获水相馏分中的水分含量皆高于60%，水分的富集效果明显；在馏分中检测到了2-乙基乙酸丁酯和环戊酮等原油中未检测到的组分并且馏分中水分总量高于生物油原油，这些都表明生物油在蒸馏过程中发生了酯化、缩聚等化学反应。通过对油相馏分的组分分布进行分析，发现改变蒸馏温度可以有效富集生物油中的高价值化合物，如苯酚、愈创木酚、4-甲基愈创木酚、4-乙基愈创木酚和4-丙基愈创木酚的相对含量在300℃的油相馏分中分别比生物油提高了109%、160%、84%、53%和444%。     

愈创木基丙三醇-β-愈创木基醚-[α-13C]的合成新方法及结构分析

本文研究了愈创木基丙三醇-β-愈创木基醚-[α-13C]的合成新路线,首次合成出α位带13C同位素标记的愈创木基丙三醇-β-愈创木基醚-[α-13C],并利用1H-NMR、13C-NMR等手段对其化学结构进行了分析。研究结果表明:利用乙醇作为反应溶剂使4-乙酰基愈创木酚-[α-13C]的溴代反应成为均相反应,溴代产物的产率可提高到90%以上。采用硅胶层析用乙酸乙酯和正己烷(1/2=V/V)做流动相可以分离得到该中间产物。通过利用过量愈创木酚和4-(α-溴代乙酰基)-愈创木酚-[α-13C]进行反应,可以得到β-0-4型木素模型化合物———愈创木基丙三醇-β-愈创木基醚-[α-13C]。     

离子液体顶空单滴微萃取分析中药中的高沸点挥发性成分

建立了分析中药中高沸点挥发性成分的离子液体顶空单滴微萃取-液相色谱法,并用于复方鲜竹沥液中愈创木酚的含量的测定.采用改进的悬滴装置,增大了液滴与微量进样器针尖处塑料套管的接触面积,使离子液体的液滴达12 μL,提高了液滴的稳定性及方法的灵敏度.考察并优化了影响萃取的因素,确定了萃取条件:以12 μL 1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑基六氟磷酸盐([PF6])为悬滴,在5 mL含36%(w/V)NaCl的样品溶液中,萃取温度80 ℃、搅拌速度1000 r/min的条件下,顶空萃取30 min,萃取后直接将液滴吸回微量进样器,进行HPLC检测.愈创木酚在0.05～1.6 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9997); 检出限为0.39 μg/L,愈创木酚的加样回收率为97.6%,RSD为2.5%.本方法操作简单、定量准确,样品前处理简单,成本低,无污染.     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用分析果汁中愈创木酚和2,6-二溴苯酚

建立了HS-SPME-GC-MS分析果汁中脂环酸芽孢杆菌产生的主要代谢产物的方法。采用顶空-固相微萃取捕集目标代谢产物,利用气相色谱-质谱联用对愈创木酚和2,6-二溴苯酚进行定性和定量分析。在优化后的萃取条件下,愈创木酚在0.49~2.0×10~3μg/L和2,6-二溴苯酚在0.42~1.7×10~3μg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)分别为0.9981和0.9976,回收率为82.1%~125%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为5.2%~6.0%。方法可用于果汁中脂环酸芽孢杆菌主要代谢产物的检测。     

UPLC法测定苹果中4种新型植物生长调节剂农药残留

采用固相萃取反相液相色谱法对苹果中4种新型植物生长调节剂残留量进行分离分析。方法回收率在90.1%~95.2%范围内,相对标准偏差范围为1.1%~2.4%。对氯苯氧乙酸、5-硝基愈创木酚钠、噻苯隆和氯吡脲的方法检出限分别为0.5,0.5,0.5,0.2 mg/kg。方法可实现此4种植物生长调节剂残留的定量测定。     

在Al-P-Ti-Si-O催化剂上由甲醇和邻苯二酚合成愈创木酚的研究

采用非均匀沉淀法制备了Al1P1.30TiaSib(a=0-0.51,b=0-0.90）复合催化剂,研究了邻苯二酚与甲醇在该催化剂上的气相o-甲基化反应。结果表明,催化剂组成、相结构和表面性质对催化剂的活性和选择性有很大影响。其中Al1P1.30Ti0.30si0.17催化剂的愈创木酚收率最高,在反应温度为553K时,邻苯二酚转化率和愈创木酚收率分别为92%和86%。     

生物油模型化合物催化裂化制备芳香烃的实验研究

通过HZSM-5分子筛催化剂对生物油典型模型化合物(乙酸、愈创木酚、正庚烷和环己烷等)在550℃进行了催化裂化反应,研究模型化合物催化裂化特性和反应机理以及催化剂性质。结果表明,正庚烷和环己烷裂化产物主要是芳香烃(53%和91%,均为积分面积分数),对于此类不含氧的模型化合物,催化裂化反应过程更容易进行;随着催化剂用量的增加,可以有效增加乙酸裂化产物中芳香烃含量(12%到90%,均为积分面积分数);愈创木酚结构比较复杂,HZSM-5催化剂主要脱除了甲氧基,催化剂用量的增加可以使芳香烃类稳定物质更容易形成。     

Highly accurate gas chromatographic analysis of reference gases for use in vehicle emission measurements

 A highly accurate gas chromatographic analytical method has been developed for the determination of the composition of gas mixtures. It was tested using a reference gas as an example consisting of 3.5% of CO, 14% of CO₂, 0.2% of propane and residual N₂ intended for the use in vehicle emission measurements. The method is based on comparison measurements with samples of a calibration gas, whose composition is iteratively adapted to that of the sample investigated using a gravimetric gas mixing method. For the gas chromatographic measurement, a molecular sieve column and a polymer column are used in parallel and in isothermal operation. All gas components can be determined by a single gas chromatographic measurement, and the relative uncertainty of measurement achievable is ?0.4%. Received: 6 March 1996/Revised: 30 May 1996/Accepted: 6 June 1996     

Analysis of plasma free fatty acid cyanomethyl derivatives by GC-NPD for the diagnosis of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorders

Summary Early diagnosis of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) disorders is important to reduce severe morbidity and mortality. Although analysis of plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) is frequently performed using stable isotope-dilution gas chromatography-mass-spectrometry (GC-MS), there are institutions where the required instrumentation is not available to support a rapid work-up of acutely ill patients. For this reason, we have developed a novel cyanomethyl derivatization method for FFAs which is followed by GC analysis of the resulting esters using nitrogen-phosphorus detector (NPD) for the rapid diagnosis of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorders. FFAs were extracted from plasma and derivatized to the cyanomethyl ester by heating with bromoacetonitrile at 60°C for 30 min GC-NPD analysis was then performed. The mean recoveries of C6:0-C18:0FFAs were between 87% abd 96%. The method detection limits (S/N=3) were 0.1–0.5 ng for C6:0-C14:0 FFAs, and 0.001–0.01 ng for C16:0-C18:0 FFAs. We succesfully performed differential diagnosis of representative FAO disorders from the confimed patient's plasmas. This simple method offers cost-effective and time-saving alternative to GC-MS for the biochemical diagnosis of selected FAO disorders.     

Simultaneous determination of six alkaloids in tobacco and tobacco products by direct analysis of real‐time triple quadrupole mass spectrometry with a modified pretreatment method

In order to determine six alkaloids (mass fraction) of nicotine, nornicotine, myosmine, anatabine, anabasine, and nicotyrine in tobacco and tobacco products quickly, accurately, and simultaneously, a novel method based on direct analysis of real‐time model in situ ionization technique combined tandem mass spectrometry with a modified sample pretreatment was established, in which experimental parameters such as the type and amount of extraction solvent and injection rate were optimized, respectively. The samples of five commercial cigarettes and five kinds of tobacco leaves were analyzed by the established method, and the determined values were compared with those obtained using a gas chromatography with mass spectrometry method: (1) Under optimized conditions (30 mL ultrapure water as extraction solvent and with extraction rate of 0.6 mm/s), analysis could be completed within 10 min. (2) The linear range of the method was 0.002–2000 μg/g with, the recovery ranged from 86.8 to 105.6%, and the limit of detection and the limit of quantification were 0.004–0.835 μg/g and 0.013–2.787 μg/g, respectively. (3) The relative standard deviation between direct analysis of real‐time method and the gas chromatography with mass spectrometry method was 0.34–8.83%. The established method is rapid, reliable, and suitable for the ultrafast determination of six alkaloids in tobacco and tobacco products.     

Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Cyclophosphamide in Plasma and Tissues Using Nitrogen-Phosphorus Detection

Abstract

A gas chromatographic method for the analysis of cyclophosphamide in plasma, blood, and organ tissues is described. This method involves extraction of aliquots of plasma or tissue homo-genate in alkaline condition with ether. The extracted drug is derivatized with heptafluorobutyric anhydride followed by gas chromatographic separation via a glass column of 183 cm × 2 mm i. d. packed with 3% SE-30 on chromosorb W-HP. The derivatized cyclophosphamide and isophosphamide, an added internal standard, are detected by a nitrogen-phosphorus detector. The sensitivity limit of this method is 10 ng per gm or ml of sample and gives linearity over 100-fold of concentration range.     

Liquid-liquid Microextraction Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Drops Coupled with Gas Chromatography for Analyzing Trace Benzene,Toluene and Xylene in Water Samples

A new liquid-liquid microextraction method based on the solidification of floating organic drops coupled with gas chromatography was developed for the determination of trace benzene, toluene and xylene(BTX) in water samples. In the microextraction procedure, a microdrop of n-decanol was delivered to the surface of the analytes’ solution, and stirred for a desired time. Following the absolute extraction, the sample vial was cooled in an ice bath for 10 min. The solidified n-decanol was then transferred into a plastic tube and melted naturally; and 1 μL of it was injected into gas chromatography for analysis. Factors relevant to the extraction efficiency were studied and optimized. The optimal experimental conditions were: 15 μL of n-decanol as extractive solvent, 30 mL of solution containing analytes, no salt, the stirring rate 400 r/min, the extraction temperature 30 °C, and the extraction time 30 min. Under those optimized conditions, the detection limit(LOD) of analytes was in a range of 0.05―0.10 ng/mL by the developed method. A good linearity(r>0.99) in a calibration range of 0.01―100 μg/mL was obtained. The recoveries of the real samples at different spiked levels of BTX were in the range from 92.2% to 103.4%.     

气相色谱-火焰光度法测定土壤中有机磷农药残留

建立了气相色谱-火焰光度(GC-FPD)分析土壤中敌敌畏、氧化乐果、二嗪农、乐果、甲基对硫磷、马拉硫磷、对硫磷、水胺硫磷、喹硫磷等9种有机磷农药残留量的方法。样品用丙酮-二氯甲烷(1:3)提取,浓缩、定容后用Hp-5MS(30m×0.25 mm×0.25μm)毛细管柱分离,FPD检测器检测。方法回收率在68.71%～110.39%之间;RSD在5.5%～11%之间;检出限在0.397～1.60μg/mL之间,方法可用于环境土壤样品中有机磷农药残留的测定。     

HPLC and GC Methods for Determination of Lubricants and Their Evaluation in Analysis of Real Samples of Polyethylene

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) are introduced for analysis of polymer lubricants (stearamide, oleamide and erucamide). In the HPLC method, a reverse phase octadecylsilane (ODS) column along with acetonitrile/methanol (60:40) as a mobile phase were used. Detection of analytes was performed by a UV detector at 202 nm. The analysis time was less than 8 min. In the GC method, polar capillary column and flame ionization detector (FID) were used for separations and detection, respectively. The analysis time by GC was longer than HPLC and was about 30 min. Limits of detection, linear range and repeatability of both methods are similar, but determination of oleamide in real samples by HPLC method is difficult due to complexity of the initial part of HPLC chromatogram in polyethylene samples. That problem is not observed in the GC method. Detection limits in both methods for all analytes are lower than 0.003% which are much lower than the amount of lubricants in commercial polymers (0.05–0.2%).     

Investigation of adsorbed mercury distribution in silver coated filters by X-ray fluorescence

We have been working on mercury collection from flue gas by amalgamation and subsequent XRF analysis. Previous results showed unexpectedly high relative standard deviation (30%) in collection efficiency when silver-coated filters were exposed to gas phase mercury in a pilot-scale test chamber. Filters were analyzed by micro-XRF, TXRF and conventional XRF to explore the source of scattering. It was concluded that mercury had inhomogeneously adsorbed in the filter as the cause of this variation, leading to a positive bias of 50% in efficiency value. Results reported in this paper suggest the TXRF method is accurate to within ±10% when X-ray counting statistics are not the limiting factor. Application of this filter in flue gas measurement will be presented.     

Low‐temperature headspace‐trap gas chromatography with mass spectrometry for the determination of trace volatile compounds from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L.

The total saccharides content of Lycium barbarum L. is very high, and a high temperature would result in saccharide decomposition and the emergence of a large amount of water. Moreover, the volatile compounds from the fruit of L. barbarum L. are rather low in concentration. Hence, it is difficult for a conventional headspace method to study the volatile compounds from the fruit of L. barbarum L. Since headspace‐trap gas chromatography with mass spectrometry is an excellent method for trace analysis, a headspace‐trap gas chromatography with mass spectrometry method based on low‐temperature (30°C) enrichment and multiple headspace extraction was developed to explore the volatile compounds from the fruit of L. barbarum L. The headspace of the sample was extracted in 17 cycles at 30°C. Each time, the compounds extracted were concentrated in the trap (Tenax TA and Tenax GR, 1:1). Finally, all the volatile compounds were delivered into the gas chromatograph after thermal desorption. With the method described above, a total of 57 compounds were identified. The identification was completed by mass spectral search, retention index, and accurate mass measurement.     

Polyvinylimidazole/sol–gel composite as a novel solid‐phase microextraction coating for the determination of halogenated benzenes from aqueous solutions

A polyvinylimidazole/sol–gel composite is proposed as a novel solid‐phase microextraction fiber to extract five halobenzenes from the headspace of aqueous solutions in combination with gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. The prepared fiber was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The obtained results showed that porous polyvinylimidazole/sol–gel composite was chemically deposited on fused silica fiber. The effect of important extraction parameters including extraction temperature, extraction time, and salt content were investigated. The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 25°C, extraction time 20 min, and salt concentration 30 w/v%. Detection limits and relative standard deviations of the developed method for halogenated benzenes were below 0.1 pg/mL and 15%, respectively. Repeatability of the proposed method, explained by relative standard deviation, varied between 5.48 and 9.15% (n = 5). The limits of detection (S/N = 3) ranged between 0.01 and 0.10 ng/L using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring mode. For real sample analysis, three types of water samples with different matrices (ground, surface, and tap water) were studied. The optimized procedure was applied to extraction and method validation of halogenated benzenes in spiked water samples.