NaNO3和NaClO4在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的离子溶剂化

利用红外光谱研究了NaNO₃和NaClO₄在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶剂中发生离子-溶剂和离子-离子的相互作用, 分析结果表明, DMF的OC-N谱带发生了明显的变化. 定量计算了在Na⁺浓度为0.22~1.24 mol/kg范围内的溶剂化数为1~4. 对谱图中酰胺基上C-N和CO的特征峰强度随Na⁺浓度变化的对比, 推测离子溶剂化作用导致DMF的酰胺基内部形成共轭键. 利用量子化学方法进行优化及热力学性质计算, 得到C-N键伸缩振动频率及红外光谱强度变化规律. 优化结构与实验结论相符合. 由NaNO₃的ν₂谱带及NaClO₄的ν₁谱带的解析得到溶液中阴离子缔合效应的一般规律, 并通过阴离子缔合特征峰与酰胺基上的N-C-N面外振动峰(865 cm^-1)的变化情况, 讨论了溶液中的离子溶剂化作用.     

胃和结直肠癌的傅里叶变换红外光谱研究

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪及带ATR探头的中红外光纤系统测定了手术切除的胃癌、结直肠癌及相应的正常组织共31对标本粘膜面的反射红外光谱. 结果表明, 与正常组织相比, 癌组织的红外光谱发生明显变化: (1) 与脂类相关的谱带2955, 2920, 2870, 2850和1740 cm-1出现几率明显低于正常组织(P<0.001), I1460/I1400(I为峰强度)明显降低(P<0.001), 表明癌组织的脂类相对含量降低; (2) 与蛋白质相关谱带N—H和O—H明显红移(P=0.025), 表明N—H和O—H的氢键化程度增加, 癌组织的I3375/I1460, I1640/I1460和I1550/I1460明显升高(P<0.01), 表明癌组织的蛋白质相对于脂类的含量增加, 癌组织的HW1550/I1550(HW为半高宽)明显升高(P=0.036), HW1550则明显降低(P=0.05), 表明癌组织中蛋白质的二级结构发生显著变化; (3) 与醣类相关谱带中癌组织的I1160/I1460降低(P=0.002), 结合组织化学染色, 推测可能是癌组织表面的糖蛋白明显减少造成的, 而I1120/I1460升高(P=0.019)则可能是癌组织表面的糖原颗粒增加所致. (4) 与核酸相关谱带中癌组织的PO的反对称伸缩振动蓝移(P=0.033), 表明癌组织中磷酸基团的氢键化程度降低. 研究结果表明, 红外光谱有望成为诊断恶性肿瘤的有力工具.     

BSA与羟磷灰石相互吸附的FTIR-ATR光谱

采用傅里叶变换红外衰减全反射(FTIR-ATR)光谱法对牛血清白蛋白(BSA)在羟磷灰石(HA)[Ca₁₀(OH)₂(PO₄)₆]表面不同时间的相互吸附作用进行了表征。在BSA溶液作用下,羟磷灰石表面的Ca²⁺、PO₄^3-和OH^-离子初始的溶解和再沉淀使得BSA与HA相互作用层层叠加,在HA表面形成从表层到次表层分子都包含有吸附的BSA的覆盖层,从而加深两者之间的相互作用。经红外差谱法处理过的相关ATR数据表明, BSA与HA之间的相互作用是快速的,并随时间变化进一步加强;来自HA上PO₄^3-的P=O基团对蛋白质肽键的酰胺II带(―CNH)、多肽链的甲基(―PO₃)和亚甲基(―CH₂)上氢的吸附作用要比P―O快速而且强烈。Ca²⁺在该吸附过程中起了极其重要的作用,其快速与蛋白质肽键的羰基氧发生作用,并诱导该蛋白质二级结构由β-折叠向α-螺旋和β-转角构象转变;伴随着这一构象变化,蛋白质多肽链上大多数肽键的―C=O和H―N―活性基团从链间氢键交联中释放出来,带动众多的氢分别参与同HA表面的Ca²⁺、PO43-和OH^-离子的相互吸附作用,并牢牢地结合于HA表面;这对硬组织的再生起着重要作用,促进了HA的生物矿化过程。     

低温等离子体处理聚酯(PET)表面润湿性与表面结构的研究

研究了O₂、N₂、He、Ar、H₂和CH₄气体低温等离子体改性聚酯(PET)的表面润湿性与表面结构的关系.用已知表面张力的液体测定接触角,作Zisman曲线,求得试样的临界表面张力γ_c;并按扩展的Fowkes式计算试样的表面张力γ_s及其三组分值γ_s^a(色散力)、γ_s^c(偶极矩力)和γ(氢键力),发现经O₂、N₂、He和Ar等离子体短时间处理的聚酯表面自由能显著增大,表面润湿性增强,主要是聚酯表面张力的氢键力成分的贡献,X射线光电子能谱分析表明,这是由于聚酯表面含氧或含氮极性基团增加所致.     

2-乙酰基-1-甲基吡咯激发态结构动力学及溶剂效应的共振拉曼光谱和密度泛函理论计算

获取了覆盖紫外光谱中A带和B带吸收的共7个不同激发波长的共振拉曼光谱, 并结合密度泛函理论方法研究了2-乙酰基-1-甲基吡咯(2-Ac-NMP)的A带和B带电子激发和Franck-Condon区域结构动力学. 在TD-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)计算水平上, A带和B带吸收的跃迁主体为π→π^* . A带和B带共振拉曼光谱分别指认为13个振动模式和8个振动模式的基频、泛频和组合频, 其中C＝O伸缩振动(ν₈)、C3-C4-C5不对称伸缩振动+C2-C6伸缩振动(ν₁₄)及环上CH面内摇摆(ν₁₈)对拉曼光谱强度贡献最大, 表明2-Ac-NMP的S_π激发态结构动力学主要沿反应坐标展开. 考察了溶剂对共振拉曼光谱强度模式的影响, 结果表明, 在同一溶剂中, 随激发波长由长变短, C＝O伸缩振动模(ν₈)的强度呈现出由强变弱再变强的现象. 这种变化规律与Franck-Condon区域S_n/S_π态混合或势能面交叉相关, 并受溶剂的有效调控.     

La1-xCexFe1-y-nCoyRunO3三效催化剂的结构表征及催化性能

用溶胶-凝胶法合成了La_1-xCe_xFe_1-y-nCo_yRu_nO₃(x,y=0.1～0.5,n=0.01～0.1)系列催化剂,XRD对晶体结构的表征发现,掺入Ru后基本结构未改变,但2θ值减小,晶胞参数变大.红外光谱分析表明,Ru改性的催化剂对应的特征峰位和峰形基本相似,但随着Ru掺杂量的增加,600cm^-1附近的谱带向高波数方向移动,n=0.01的样品,ν₁和ν₂向低波数方向移动,n=0.05样品的ν₁带出现最大吸收峰.XPS研究表明,掺杂Ru后Fe的外层电荷密度增大,并以多种价态存在;随着掺杂量的增加,表层中的Ce由与氧结合转变为与多羟基结合,其它氧种含量增加,催化活性增强.O₂-TPD结果表明,掺杂Ru使催化剂表面的吸附氧和晶格氧脱附温度降低,A离子空位增加.H₂-TPR研究表明,掺杂Ru使A离子空位增加,晶格氧活动性增强,催化活性提高;La_0.8Ce_0.2Fe_0.7Co_0.2Ru_0.1O₃的催化性能最佳.     

甲状腺癌微转移淋巴结的红外光谱检测

采用衰减全反射(ATR)探头和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)仪测定了新鲜离体的甲状腺癌微转移颈部淋巴结(16枚)和非转移性淋巴结(16枚)的FTIR光谱, 配对比较了两组光谱13个谱带的峰位、相对峰强及半高宽等38个FTIR参数, 明确了甲状腺癌微转移淋巴结的光谱特征.结果表明, 与非转移性淋巴结相比, 微转移淋巴结光谱中与蛋白、脂质、糖类和核酸相关的谱带均发生了明显变化:与蛋白质相关的谱带的相对峰强I₃₂₈₀/I₁₄₆₀和I₁₆₄₀/I₁₄₆₀显著升高, 半高宽F₁₆₄₀显著增宽, 而F₁₅₄₆则变窄; 与脂类相关的相对峰强I₁₄₀₀/I₁₄₆₀明显增高; 与糖类相关的1165 cm^-1处谱带的相对峰强I₁₁₆₅/I₁₄₆₀显著降低; 与核酸相关的1240 cm^-1处谱带的相对峰强I₁₂₄₀/I₁₄₆₀显著升高.结果表明, FTIR能够检测出甲状腺癌的微转移淋巴结, 可能应用于甲状腺癌病人的精准手术治疗.     

胆囊组织、组织细胞膜及细胞株的FTIR研究

研究了不同病理生理状态的胆囊组织、胆囊组织细胞膜及胆囊癌细胞株的傅里叶变换红外光谱的相关性.结果显示,与正常组织比较,胆囊癌组织中脂质相关谱带(2955,2920,2870,2850和1740 cm-1)与蛋白相关谱带(1550 cm-1)强度降低;胆囊癌细胞株中脂质相关谱带与蛋白相关谱带(1550 cm-1)强度明显增加;胆囊癌组织细胞膜中脂质相关谱带强度明显增加;核酸相关吸收谱带强度变化在胆囊癌组织和胆囊癌细胞株中一致,在细胞膜中消失;I1460/I1400比值在组织、细胞株和细胞膜层面变化一致,与正常组织相比均有所减少.结果表明,与胆囊癌组织相比,胆囊癌细胞株和胆囊癌组织细胞膜的红外光谱发生了显著变化:癌组织的脂类和蛋白质的相对含量降低;癌细胞株的脂质和蛋白相对含量增加;胆囊癌组织细胞膜的脂质和蛋白相对含量升高.从组织、细胞和细胞膜3个层面阐述了癌变的分子光谱变化.I1460/I1400比值的变化在组织、细胞株和细胞膜层面变化一致,对此指标的深入研究有望获得一个良好的临床诊断指标.     

氟、氯和甲基取代丁二酰亚胺的结构、红外光谱和热力学性质的密度泛函理论研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法(6-31G^*基组),计算研究了丁二酰亚胺(SIM)的氟、氯和甲基取代物(SIMF,SIMCl和SIMMe)的几何构型、电子结构、红外光谱和热力学性质,讨论了取代基效应.结果表明,SIMF和SIMCl均为平面构型,SIMMe接近平面构型.羰基伸缩振动频率(νC=O)均分裂为两个谱带,低频带出现在1734～1771cm^-1,高频带出现在1792～1822cm^-1,且前者强于后者.与SIM相比,吸电子基(F和Cl)使νC=O和偶极矩增大,推电子基(CH₃)的影响正相反.由校正频率计算了298～800K温度范围的热力学性质熵(S°)和热容(C_p°).     

超高分子量聚乙烯的红外光谱的特性研究

研究了超高分子量聚乙烯(M_w>1×10⁵)的红外光谱-温度特性.3条非晶谱带(1368、1352和1304cm^-1)的吸收强度均随温度升高而增大,但都比普通分子量聚乙烯增加的小,尤以高于140℃更甚.分子链中次甲基的近程构象序列分布随温度的变化不受分子量的影响,但旁式构象序列分布则随温度升高而增大.升温和降温过程的红外光谱均表明1352和1304cm^-1两谱带随结晶状态的变化比1368cm^-1更敏感.     

高岭石/甲酰胺插层的Raman和DRIFT光谱

用Raman和漫反射红外光谱研究高岭石/甲酰胺插层反应机理及插层作用对高岭石微结构的影响.     

Infrared study of νOD modes in isotopically dilute (HDO) kieserite-type compounds MXO4·H2O (M=Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, and X=S, Se) with matrix-isolated M′ and X′O4 guest ions

The hydrogen bond strength in kieserite-type sulfate and selenate monohydrates has been studied by the method of double-matrix spectroscopy. The infrared spectra of isotopically dilute (matrix-isolated HDO molecules) kieserite-type compounds MXO₄·H₂O (M=Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, and X=S, Se) with matrix-isolated X′O₄²⁻ and M′²⁺ guest ions are presented and discussed in the region of the OD stretching modes. The OD frequencies indicate that the compounds under investigation form comparatively strong hydrogen bonds. The frequency shifts of the uncoupled OD stretching modes of the HDO molecules within the isostructural series and those influenced by the guest ions, and the strength of the hydrogen bonds formed, are discussed in terms of the respective O_wO distances, which hint at stronger hydrogen bonds for the sulfate series than for the selenate one by mistake, the larger hydrogen bond acceptor capability of SeO₄²⁻ ions compared to SO₄²⁻ ones, the different metal–water interactions and repulsion potentials of the lattice, and the reorientation of the water molecules caused by the guest ions. The shifts of the OD stretches of the ODOSe′O₃ bonds (Se′O₄²⁻ matrix isolated) to the lower wavenumbers as compared to the parent selenates are caused by the reorientation of the hydrate water molecules and strengthening the hydrogen bond to the stronger acceptor and vice versa. When smaller metal ions having smaller M–OH₂ bond lengths and, hence, stronger synergetic effect replace larger ones, the OD stretches are shifted to lower wavenumbers as compared to those due to the host M–O_wO bonds and vice versa.     

正常与癌症肺组织的傅里叶变换红外光谱差异的研究

傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱可以在分子水平上研究细胞和组织等复杂的生命体系,提供分子结构和组成的信息.我们发展了一种用于直接测定肿瘤及正常组织红外光谱的方法,对16例肺癌及其癌旁正常组织进行了测定.结果表明,对于正常和癌变的肺组织,FTIR光谱中存在显著差异,相关谱带的相对峰高比可以表征这些差异.因此,傅里叶变换红外光谱可以用来诊断癌症与正常的肺组织,有望成为肿瘤快速诊断的新方法.     

外电场作用下离子液体振动光谱变化的分子动力学模拟研究

Vibrational spectroscopy is a powerful tool for studying the microstructure of liquids, and anatomizing the nature of the vibrational spectrum (VS) is promising for investigating changes in the properties of liquid structures under external conditions. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been performed to explore changes in the VS of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Emim][PF₆]) ionic liquid (IL) under an external electric field (EEF) ranging from 0 to 10 V·nm^-1 at 350 K. First, the vibrational spectra for [Emim][PF₆] IL as well as its cation and anion are separately obtained, and the peaks are strictly assigned. The results demonstrate that the VS calculated by MD simulation can well reproduce the main characteristic peaks in the experimentally measured spectrum. Then, the vibrational spectra of the IL under various EEFs from 0 to 10 V·nm^-1 are investigated, and the intrinsic origin of the changes in the vibrational bands (VBs) at 50, 183, 3196, and 3396 cm^-1 is analyzed. Our simulation results indicate that the intensities of the VBs at 50 and 183 cm^-1 are enhanced. In addition, the VB at 50 cm^-1 is redshifted by about 16 cm^-1 as the EEF is varied from 0 to 2 V·nm^-1, and the redshift wavenumber increases to 33 cm^-1 as the EEF is increased to 3 V·nm^-1 and beyond. However, the intensities of the VBs at 3196 and 3396 cm^-1 show an obvious decrease. Meanwhile, the VB at 3396 cm^-1 is redshifted by about 16 cm^-1 when the EEF increases to 3 V·nm^-1, and the redshift increases to 33 cm^-1 with an increase in the EEF beyond 4 V·nm^-1. The intensity of the VB at 50 cm^-1 increases because of the increase in the total dipole moment of each anion and cation (from 4.34 to 5.46 D), and the redshift is attributed to the decrease in the average interaction energy per ion pair (from -378.7 to -298.0 kJ·mol^-1) with increasing EEF. The intensity of the VB at 183 cm^-1 increases on account of the more consistent orientations for cations in the system with increasing EEF. The VB at 3196 cm^-1 weakens visibly because a greater number of hydrogen atoms appear around the carbon atoms on the methyl/ethyl side chains and the vibrations of the corresponding carbon-hydrogen bonds are suppressed under the action of the EEF. Furthermore, the intensity of the VB at 3396 cm^-1 decreases due to the decrease in the intermolecular ⁺C-H···F^- hydrogen bonds (HBs), while the relaxation effect that is beneficial for the formation of HBs simultaneously exists in the system under the varying EEF, thus causing a redshift of the VB at 3396 cm^-1.     

新鲜乳腺癌组织的近红外拉曼光谱分析

采用便携式拉曼光谱仪对正常、良性和恶性的乳腺癌组织进行检测,通过对其拉曼光谱的指认,归纳了其主要区别和特征. 在3类乳腺组织中有明显的脂类的特征峰（1230,1268,1301,1440和1743 cm^-1）,而在良性和恶性的组织中,则出现了较为明显的蛋白（1246,1271,1315和1364 cm^-1）和核酸（1340 cm^-1）的特征峰. 良性和恶性组织的区别在于恶性组织特有的特征峰（1340 cm^-1）,而良性组织所特有的特征峰则应归属为蛋白. 在数据分析过程中,选择能够反映样本化学本质的特征峰,利用高斯过程的机器学习对特征峰值建立模型. 特异性（0.94）、灵敏度（0.95）和Matthews相关系数（0.86）表明在模型中3种组织有比较良好的辨别度,对于应用拉曼光谱方法辨别正常和患病乳腺组织具有参考价值.     

FTIR-PAS技术在卟啉类化合物中的应用(Ⅱ)──乙酰丙酮-meso-四-(对-甲氧基)苯基卟啉稀土配合物的红外光声光谱

研究了乙酰丙酮-meso-四-(对-甲氧基)苯基卟啉及其Sm、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu配合物在3600～225cm^-1范围的付立叶变换红外光声光谱,对主要谱带进行了经验归属。结果表明,由于四-(对-甲氧基)苯基卟啉与稀土金属离子配位,削弱了乙酰丙酮环上的M-O键的伸缩振动,使此谱带向低波数移动。配合物中PN-H伸缩振动谱带消失,出现M-N伸缩振动与卟啉环变形振动等的复合振动。     

Theoretical study of the changes in the vibrational characteristics arising from the hydrogen bonding between Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) and H2O

The vibrational characteristics (vibrational frequencies, infrared intensities and Raman activities) for the hydrogen-bonded system of Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) with five water molecules have been predicted using ab initio SCF/6-31G(d,p) calculations and DFT (BLYP) calculations with 6-31G(d,p) and 6-31++G(d,p) basis sets. The changes in the vibrational characteristics from free monomers to a complex have been calculated. The ab initio and BLYP calculations show that the complexation between Vitamin C and five water molecules leads to large red shifts of the stretching vibrations for the monomer bonds involved in the hydrogen bonding and very strong increase in their IR intensity. The predicted frequency shifts for the stretching vibrations from Vitamin C taking part in the hydrogen bonding are up to -508 cm(-1). The magnitude of the wavenumber shifts is indicative of relatively strong OH...H hydrogen-bonded interactions. In the same time the IR intensity and Raman activity of these vibrations increase upon complexation. The IR intensity increases dramatically (up to 12 times) and Raman activity increases up to three times. The ab initio and BLYP calculations show, that the symmetric OH vibrations of water molecules are more sensitive to the complexation. The hydrogen bonding leads to very large red shifts of these vibrations and very strong increase in their IR intensity. The asymmetric OH stretching vibrations of water, free from hydrogen bonding are less sensitive to the complexation than the hydrogen-bonded symmetric OH stretching vibrations. The increases of the IR intensities for these vibrations are lower and red shifts are negligible.     

Intramolecular hydrogen bonds with large proton polarizability in semisalts of mono- and di-N-oxides of N,N′-tetraalkyl-o-xylyldiamines

Heteroconjugated NO⁺H … N NO … H⁺N and homoconjugated NO⁺H … ON NO … H⁺ON intramolecular hydrogen bonds formed in semisalts of mono- and di-N-oxides of N,N′-tetraalkyl-o-xylyldiamines were studied by IR and NMR spectroscopy. All these hydrogen bonds show large proton polarizability. In the case of the heteroconjugated hydrogen bonds the proton transfer equilibrium shifts from compounds 1 to 3 to the left hand side since the interaction of the hydrogen bond with the solvent environment decreases in this series of compounds. With compound 1 the hydrogen bonds are slightly weaker and longer, hence the wavenumber dependence of the intensity of the continuum caused by these hydrogen bonds is slightly changed with compound 1 compared with compound 2. In the case of compound 3 the intensity of the continuum decreases because of increasing screening of the hydrogen bonds. In the series of homoconjugated hydrogen bonds, from compound 4 to 6 the intense continuum vanishes, and only the band of the 0–1 proton transition at 950 cm⁻¹ remains. The vanishing of the continuum is caused by increasing screening of the hydrogen bonds against their solvent environments by bulky groups, and thus, this change demonstrates again that the interaction of the hydrogen bond with large proton polarizabilities is a necessary prerequisite for IR continua to appear.     

Infrared study of νOD modes in isotopically dilute (HDO) isostructural compounds M(HCOO)2·2H2O (M=Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn) with matrix-isolated guest ions (Cu in M(HCOO)2·2H2O and M in Cu(HCOO)2·2H2O)

The infrared spectra of isotopically dilute (matrix-isolated HDO molecules) isostructural compounds M(HCOO)₂·2H₂O (M=Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Zn,Cu) are presented and discussed in the region of the OD stretching modes. According to the structural data the compounds under study are divided into two groups: in M(HCOO)₂·2H₂O (M=Mn,Ni,Zn) the H₂O(1) molecules form stronger hydrogen bonds as compared to H₂O(2); in M(HCOO)₂·2H₂O (M=Fe,Co,Cu) the H₂O(2) molecules form stronger hydrogen bonds as compared to the H₂O(1) molecules. The influence of the metal–water interactions (synergetic effect) and the unit-cell volumes (repulsion potential of the lattice) on the hydrogen bond strength within the isostructural series is discussed. The wavenumbers of the uncoupled OD stretching modes of the HDO molecules influenced by guest ions (Cu²⁺ ions matrix-isolated in M(HCOO)₂·2H₂O and M²⁺ ions matrix-isolated in Cu(HCOO)₂·2H₂O) are presented and commented. For example, the analysis of the spectra reveals that when Cu²⁺ ions are included in the structure of M(HCOO)₂·2H₂O the hydrogen bonds of the type M–OH₂OCHO–Cu are considerably weaker as compared to those of the same type formed when M²⁺ ions are included in the structure of Cu(HCOO)₂·2H₂O if the cations remain unchanged.     

Decylammonium chloride/ammonium chloride aqueous solutions A Raman scattering study

Aqueous solutions of decylammonium chloride and decylammonium chloride/ammonium chloride between 20 and 50 per cent of DACl have been studied by Raman scattering. The spectral behaviour was followed as a function of temperature and phase transitions were observed for all samples. We have focused our study on the intensity variations of both the symmetric and the antisymmetric stretching vibration modes of CH₂ groups situated in the region 2800-3000cm^-1. The study of the high frequency part of the spectrum showed the characteristics of order disorder transitions already studied for other materials. We have observed that the existence of a nematic phase in the ternary systems is caused by the addition of the salt.