超疏水超亲油玉米秸秆粉油污吸附剂的制备及其在油水分离中的应用（英文）

超疏水超亲油材料因其在油水分离等领域有广泛的应用前景而引起人们极大关注。目前,有很多方法可以用来制备超疏水超亲油材料,但因其过程复杂、成本高、环境适应性差限制了其在实际生产、生活中应用。本文以玉米秸秆为原料,经TiO_2溶胶浸涂并经辛基三甲氧基硅烷修饰后显示出超疏水和超亲油,水滴、油滴在其表面的接触角分别为160°和0°。研究结果显示,玉米秸秆粉表面的超疏水性源于其表面微纳米复合阶层结构及低表面能化学组成的协同作用。利用玉米秸秆粉表面的憎水性和亲油性,能将其用于水面油污的吸附和分离,具有分离效率高、稳定性好、可循环利用的优点。相比于其它材料,以玉米秸秆为原料制备超疏水超亲油的油污吸附剂,原料丰富、成本低、过程简单、易降解、可循环利用,有望在生产、生活中得到应用。     

超疏水-超亲油棉织物的制备及在油水分离中的应用

采用溶胶-凝胶法制得Zn O溶胶,以棉织物为基底,在其表面浸涂Zn O溶胶,再经辛基三甲氧基硅烷表面修饰后显示出超疏水性和超亲油性,水滴和油滴在其表面的接触角分别为152°和0°.利用棉织物表面的超疏水性和超亲油性,可以实现对油水混合物中油和水的有效分离.为防水服饰的设计、超疏水/超亲油材料的制备及在油水混合物的分离与应用提供借鉴.     

超疏水超亲油铜网的制备及其在油水分离中的应用（英文）

以铜网为基底,通过浸涂法在其表面制得超疏水超亲油有机-无机复合薄膜,水滴、油滴在其表面的接触角分别为152°和10°。线性低密度聚乙烯-SiO_2纳米球构成的复合阶层结构及低表面能线性低密度聚乙烯涂层的协同作用使铜网产生独特的润湿性。该铜网具有很好的自清洁性和抗腐蚀性,可用于油水混合物的有效分离。与传统方法相比,该方法制备超疏水-超亲油薄膜方法简单、成本低、无氟,有望在实践中得到应用。     

超疏水超亲油铜网的制备及其在油水分离中的应用

以铜网为基底,通过浸涂法在其表面制得超疏水超亲油有机-无机复合薄膜,水滴、油滴在其表面的接触角分别为152°和10°。 线性低密度聚乙烯-SiO₂纳米球构成的复合阶层结构及低表面能线性低密度聚乙烯涂层的协同作用使铜网产生独特的润湿性。 该铜网具有很好的自清洁性和抗腐蚀性,可用于油水混合物的有效分离。 与传统方法相比,该方法制备超疏水-超亲油薄膜方法简单、成本低、无氟,有望在实践中得到应用。     

超疏水油水分离材料研究进展

近年来,石油泄漏和有机污染物排放对环境和生态系统造成了严重甚至不可挽回的损害,油水分离已成为一个全球性的挑战,如何处理油水混合物并将其有效分离已成为目前亟待解决的问题.许多仿生超疏水材料已被用于选择性油水分离研究,显示出诱人的应用前景.本文作者简要介绍了自然界超疏水现象以及固体表面浸润性理论,分析了材料的疏水亲油原理,重点介绍了近年来超疏水油水分离材料的研究应用进展,并对本领域的研究趋势进行了展望.     

用于油/水分离的环保无氟超疏水织物的制备与性能

针对目前用于油/水分离的超疏水材料普遍存在的原料不环保、不可降解、涂层耐久性差等缺点,采用简便的浸渍法,制备了一种环保、工艺简单且性能优良的超疏水材料。首先,使用水性聚氨酯（WPU）将聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯P（MMA-r-GMA）微球固定在棉织物表面,构造微纳米级粗糙结构。其次,通过水解-缩合反应,将无毒的十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷（HDTMS）与甲基三乙氧基硅烷（MTES）锚定在棉织物表面,制备得到超疏水棉织物。结果表明,改性棉织物接触角最高可达157.3（°）,滚动角为5（°）。同时具有很好的耐溶剂性,在酸碱溶液中浸泡30 min后,接触角几乎无变化。油水分离效率最高可达97.8%,即使在经过10次循环分离之后,油水分离效率仍然在95%以上。该超疏水织物具有出色的油水分离效率和优良的稳定性,可用于可持续且环保的油水分离领域。     

超疏水涂膜的研究进展

超疏水涂膜以其独特的性能，在国防、工农业生产和日常生活中有着广泛的应用前景。但目前的制备技术制约了其在建筑外墙涂料等大型设施方面的应用。探索如何采用简单有效的方法构造和调控涂膜的双微观结构，从而获得性能持久优异的超疏水性涂膜，并有效应用于生产和生活的各个方面是这一领域研究的最终目标。本文就超疏水材料表面理论的发展和近几年来超疏水膜制备技术取得的新成果进行了概括，并指出制备超疏水涂膜存在的问题和发展方向。利用表面能极低的含氟材料，将溶胶－凝胶、相分离技术和自组装梯度功能等技术有机结合，获得适宜的表面粗糙度和微观构造，是实现超疏水涂膜工业化生产的可行途径。     

溶液浸泡结合表面涂层制备超疏水-超疏油表面

超疏水-超疏油材料在防污、防水、防油等领域有广泛的应用前景而引起人们极度关注。 本文用全氟辛酸溶液浸泡锌粉制得超疏水-超疏油锌粉,用聚乙烯醇胶将超疏水-超疏油锌粉粘合、固定到玻璃、木头、塑料、不锈钢、纸片、石头表面后可制得超疏水-超疏油表面,水滴、油滴在其表面的接触角均超过150°。 锌粉与全氟辛酸反应后生成Zn[CF₃(CF₂)₆COO]₂,氟代长链烷基的低表面能化学组成与微纳米粗糙结构的协调作用使其表现出超疏水、超疏油性能。 相关研究有望为超双疏材料的设计、制备及其在自清洁、防水防油及抗污等领域的应用提供借鉴。     

超疏水超亲油不锈钢网的制备工艺优化及其性能研究

采用十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷(HDTMS)对纳米二氧化硅(Nano-SiO2)进行疏水改性,通过一步浸渍法将疏水Nano-SiO2负载在化学刻蚀后的不锈钢网表面。以空气中水的静态接触角为评价手段,优化制备工艺并研究改性剂HDTMS的用量、改性时间、改性温度以及浸渍时间对疏水处理后不锈钢网的影响。采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)对制得的疏水亲油Nano-SiO2进行表征;采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、接触角测量仪对制得的超疏水超亲油油水分离材料进行表征,并将其应用于油水分离。结果表明,控制HDTMS用量为1.5 mL,改性时间为3 h,改性温度为50℃,不锈钢网浸渍时间为30 min,所制得的负载疏水性Nano-SiO2的不锈钢网表面水的静态接触角为153°,煤油的接触角为0°。油水分离实验表明负载疏水改性的Nano-SiO2的不锈钢网片有良好的油水分离性能,可以分离多种油(环己烷、甲基环己烷、甲苯、煤油、液体石蜡、大豆油等)与水的混合物。     

超亲水疏油材料的制备及其油水分离性能

含油污水的随意排放对海洋、沿海周边环境以及人类健康造成了严重的影响。传统的油水分离方法易造成环境二次污染,同时也是对有限资源的一种损耗。因此,如何高效环保地解决含油污水问题具有重要意义。物理过滤/吸附法被认为是一种高效环保的分离方法,基于仿生学原理,许多可用于物理选择性分离的超亲油疏水和超亲水疏油材料被制备出来。超亲油疏水材料易被油污染,重复利用率低;相比之下,超亲水疏油材料具有自清洁性且重复利用率高,在油水分离方面具有广阔的应用前景。根据基底材料的选择不同,本文综述了金属基以及高分子基超亲水疏油材料的研究现状,总结了其优缺点,并对今后超亲水疏油材料的研究方向和重点进行了展望。     

Green Approach to the Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Mesh Surface for Oil/Water Separation

We report a simple and environment friendly method to fabricate superhydrophobic metallic mesh surfaces for oil/water separation. The obtained mesh surface exhibits superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity after it was dried in an oven at 200 °C for 10 min. A rough silver layer is formed on the mesh surface after immersion, and the spontaneous adsorption of airborne carbon contaminants on the silver surface lower the surface free energy of the mesh. No low‐surface‐energy reagents and/or volatile organic solvents are used. In addition, we demonstrate that by using the mesh box, oils can be separated and collected from the surface of water repeatedly, and that high separation efficiencies of larger than 92 % are retained for various oils. Moreover, the superhydrophobic mesh also possesses excellent corrosion resistance and thermal stability. Hence, these superhydrophobic meshes might be good candidates for the practical separation of oil from the surface of water.     

树莓状超疏水多孔复合棉纤维的制备及油水分离性能

基于聚多巴胺（PDA）的化学性质和树莓状纳米粒子的粗糙结构,以聚多巴胺包覆的棉纤维为基底,制备了具有多重粗糙度的树莓状超疏水多孔复合棉纤维材料.通过扫描电子显微镜观察树莓状超疏水多孔复合棉纤维表面的微观形貌,PDA-SiO₂纳米粒子稳定地固定在聚多巴胺涂覆的棉纤维表面.经过氟化改性的树莓状超疏水多孔复合棉纤维具有超疏水性,水接触角为158.2°,油接触角为0°.油/水分离实验结果表明,树莓状超疏水多孔复合棉纤维对己烷/水混合物的分离效率可达99.4%以上,使用20次后仍维持较高的分离效率.同时,其具有较高的溶剂吸附能力（13~34 g/g）、重复使用性及机械稳定性,吸油能力可与硅气凝胶相媲美.     

Mechanically durable biomimetic fibrous membrane with superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity for aqueous oil separation

Developing an effective and mechanically durable biomimetic membrane for the separation of highly emulsified aqueous oil is significant but challenging owing to its low water flux and serious membrane fouling. In this work, a biomimetic membrane with superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity was rationally developed via co-electrospinning of polysulfonamide/polyacrylonitrile (PSA/PAN) emulsion solution, followed by decorating of α-Fe₂O₃ nanowire onto the membrane surface to create membrane roughness, and grafting of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorododecyltrichlorosilane (FTCS) to lower membrane surface free energy. Benefiting from the nanowire-wrapped rough membrane structure and the low surface free energy FTCS, the resultant membrane showed superhydrophobicity with a high water contact angle (WCA) of 156°, superoleophilicity with a low oil contact angle (OCA) of 0°, which can separate the highly emulsified aqueous oil with an ultrahigh permeation flux over 7000 L m⁻² h^-1 and high separation efficiency of about 99%. Significantly, the biomimetic membrane also displayed robust stability for long-term separation owing to its advantage of antifouling property, showing great potential applications in large-scale aqueous oil treatment.     

Ultraviolet-durable superhydrophobic zinc oxide-coated mesh films for surface and underwater-oil capture and transportation

In this paper, we report a simple and an inexpensive method for fabricating superhydrophobic/superoleophilic mesh films from microstructured ZnO coatings. The microstructured ZnO coatings, which do not contain any fluorinated compounds, maintain their superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity after ultraviolet irradiation and display environmental stability. Furthermore, those microstructured ZnO-coated mesh films exhibit good selectivity (even underwater) and excellent recyclability, making them promising candidates for many potential applications, including liquid-liquid separation, water treatment, and liquid transportation.     

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Surface with Different Metal Films on Aluminum Alloy

A simple technique was developed for the fabrication of a superhydrophobic surface on the aluminum alloy sheets. Different hierarchical structures(Ag, Co, Ni and Zn) were formed on the aluminum surface by the galvanic replacement reactions. After the chemical modification of them with fluorination, the wettability of the surfaces was changed from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS) and water contact angle measurement were performed to characterize the morphological characteristic, chemical composition and superhydrophobicity of the surfaces. The as-prepared superhydrophobic surfaces showed a water contact angle as high as ca.160° and sliding angle as low as ca.3°. We hope the method to produce superhydrophobic surface can be used in many fields.     

Thermo‐Driven Controllable Emulsion Separation by a Polymer‐Decorated Membrane with Switchable Wettability

A thermoresponsive Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)‐modified nylon membrane was fabricated via hydrothermal route. Combining rough structure, proper pore size, and thermoresponsive wettability, the membrane can separate at least 16 types of stabilized oil‐in‐water and water‐in‐oil emulsions at different temperatures. Below the LCST (ca. 25 °C), the material exhibits hydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity, which can be used for the separation of various kinds of oil‐in‐water emulsions. Above the LCST (ca. 45 °C), the membrane shows the opposite property with high hydrophobicity and superoleophilicity, and it can then separate stabilized water‐in‐oil emulsions. The material exhibits excellent recyclability and high separation efficiency for various kinds of emulsions and the hydrothermal method is facile and low‐cost. The membrane shows good potential in real situations such as on‐demand oil‐spill cleanup, industrial wastewater treatment, remote operation of oil/water emulsion separation units, and fuel purification.     

Superhydrophobic Micro/Nanostructured Copper Mesh with Self-Cleaning Property for E ective Oil/Water Separation

In this work, a simple method was carried out to successfully fabricate superoleophilic and superhydrophobic N-dodecyltrimethoxysilane@tungsten trioxide coated copper mesh. The as-fabricated copper mesh displayed prominent superoleophilicity and superhydrophobicity with a huge water contact angle about 154.39^° and oil contact angle near 0^°. Moreover, the coated copper mesh showed high separation efficiency approximately 99.3%, and huge water flux about 9962.3 L·h^-1·m^-2, which could be used to separate various organic solvents/water mixtures. Furthermore, the coated copper mesh showed favorable stability that the separation efficiency remained above 90% after 10 separation cycles. Benefiting from the excellent photocatalytic degradation ability of tungsten trioxide, the coated copper mesh possessed the self-cleaning capacity. Therefore, the mesh contaminated with lubricating oil could regain superhydrophobic property, and this property of self-cleaning permitted that the fabricated copper mesh could be repeatedly used for oil and water separation.     

羧甲基纤维素钠修饰的聚氨酯泡沫制备磁性吸油材料

采用聚氨酯泡沫为模板,依次修饰羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)、Fe~(3+),在惰性气氛中高温热处理反应,制备多孔结构的磁性吸油材料.用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、红外吸收光谱、X-射线衍射、接触角等技术对材料进行表征.详细考察了加热反应温度、CMC浓度和Fe~(3+)浓度对材料吸油性能和磁性的影响规律.实验表明,当加热反应温度选择230°C,CMC浓度为0.3 wt%,FeCl_3浓度为0.1 mol/L时,材料吸油性能最佳,对正己烷、二甲苯、环己烷、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、氯仿、机油、原油等有机溶剂和油类分子的吸附容量为10倍左右.磁性多孔材料具有明显的亲油、疏水特性,水的接触角达115.9°,同时材料密度只有0.036g/cm~3,能够漂浮于水面,实现对水面有机溶剂的快速吸附.吸附后的材料在外界磁场控制下,能够通过磁分离方式从水面快速分离.该材料具有良好的循环利用性能,可重复使用20次以上,吸油性能仍然保持良好.     

Facile preparation of superhydrophobic nanorod surfaces through ion-beam irradiation

Obtaining superhydrophobic surfaces for their application in electronics and flexible wearable devices remains a significant challenge. Most previously reported methods for obtaining superhydrophobic surfaces involve complex and expensive preparation techniques and thus cannot be used for practical applications. Ion-beam irradiation is a simple and promising method for fabricating superhydrophobic nanostructures on large areas at a low cost. Ion-beam irradiation using argon and oxygen gases was used to prepare silica nanorod structures on glass substrates. This study is not just a modification of the surface of nanoparticles, but a change in nanoparticle shape. The nanorods were subsequently treated with perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane to obtain superhydrophobicity. The surface of the silica nanorods exhibited a static water contact angle of 153°, indicating superhydrophobicity. The combination of rough structures of silica nanorods and low surface energy resulted in superhydrophobicity. The surface properties were evaluated in detail using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The proposed method is facile, inexpensive, and can be used for the large-scale production of nanorod structures for potential industrial applications.     

Formation of Consolidated Bed by Carbon Sorbent and Oil in Removal of Spilled Oil

Formation of a consolidated bed by carbon sorbent and oil in sorption removal of spilled oil was observed and substituted experimentally; the dynamics of this process was analyzed. A process for eliminating oil spills on the water surface using a carbon sorbent was developed.