XMgO·YMg(OH)_2吸附剂除氟机理及其净化水的水质研究

研究了XMg O·YMg(OH)2对水中氟离子的吸附性能,考察了吸附时间、吸附剂用量、含氟水p H值、温度、含氟水初始浓度等因素对吸附的影响。实验结果表明,在较宽的p H(3.4~8.4)值和水温(22~51℃)范围内,XMg O·YMg(OH)2对水中氟离子具有极强的吸附能力,室温下0.4g XMg O·YMg(OH)2可将100m L浓度为30mg F-1·L-1含氟水处理为符合含氟标准的饮用水。氟离子在XMg O·YMg(OH)2上的吸附速率较大,30min内基本达到吸附平衡,吸附平衡符合Langmuir方程,在50min内达到饱和吸附,室温下饱和吸附量为13.46mg·g-1。净化水呈微碱性,含有5.68~15.07mg·L-1Mg2+,有益于人体健康。吸附饱和后的XMg O·YMg(OH)2经焙烧再生,除氟率可达81%。     

铝改性赤泥吸附剂的制备及其除氟效能的研究

以铝工业废矿渣为原材料,通过铝盐改性及焙烧活化处理,制备了水中除氟吸附剂。研究考察了吸附剂吸附氟能力、反应时间、pH值以及投加量对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,铝改性赤泥吸附剂具有较好的除氟效果,未焙烧铝改性赤泥吸附剂及经过200 ℃焙烧活化赤泥吸附剂的饱和吸附量分别达到68.07和91.28 mg·g^-1,远高于原状赤泥的饱和吸附量13.46 mg·g^-1。经吸附后出水氟含量低于1 mg·L^-1的国家饮用水标准。吸附规律符合Langmuir等温方程,溶液pH值显著影响除氟效果,在溶液pH值为7~8时达到最佳去除效果。     

磷酸铝吸附除水中氟的研究

采用静态吸附法研究了比表面为308m2/g的无定形磷酸铝吸附除氟性能,研究了接触时间、pH值、吸附剂量等对吸附的影响。结果表明,磷酸铝吸附除氟高效、迅速,30min内可以接近最大吸附量。对含氟50mg/g的溶液,优化条件下的最大除氟率约93%。研究了吸附与溶液pH的关系,得到了优化pH值并解释了吸附机理。吸附的最佳pH值约为5.5。用拟二级动力学方程描述了吸附速率并计算了速率常数。用Langmuir方程拟合了吸附等温线,计算的饱和吸附量为53.5mg/g。吸附剂量对分配系数的影响表明吸附剂表面是不均匀的。     

磷酸酯化改性梨渣吸附污水中Cu(Ⅱ)离子的研究

通过批次试验法研究了不同pH值、吸附剂浓度、试验物浓度和吸附时间条件下磷酸酯化改性梨渣对Cu(Ⅱ)离子的吸附.溶液pH=4.5时,Cu(Ⅱ)离子的吸附达到最大值;浓度为100 mg/L的Cu(Ⅱ)离子,15g/L及以上的改性梨渣能吸附62%Cu(Ⅱ)离子.酯化梨渣对Cu(Ⅱ)离子的吸附符合Langmuir等温模型,其最大吸附能力为20.16 mg/g.Cu(Ⅱ)离子达到吸附平衡的时间为loo min,准一级反应动力学方程可描述酯化梨渣对Cu(Ⅱ)离子的吸附过程.     

层状氢氧化镁铝焙烧产物对SCN~-的吸附性能

研究了层状氢氧化镁铝焙烧产物对SCN-的吸附行为,考察了焙烧温度、吸附温度、时间、pH值等因素对吸附的影响.在SCN-初始浓度为25 mg/L,温度为40℃,焙烧物投加量为2 g/L,pH值为6的条件下,4 h达到吸附平衡,SCN-脱除率可达96.91%.吸附过程符合Langmu ir等温方程式,主要是单分子层的吸热吸附.     

D406螯合树脂对硫酸锌溶液中氟的吸附和解吸性能及动力学研究

研究了D406螯合树脂对硫酸锌溶液中氟的吸附和解吸性能,考察了影响氟吸附和解吸的因素以及该树脂吸附和解吸氟的动力学参数。结果表明,在25℃、pH=2、硫酸锌浓度为1.50mol/L、氟离子浓度为200mg/L条件下,D406螯合树脂对氟的吸附量为5.55mg/g。D406螯合树脂对氟的吸附符合Freundlich吸附模型。吸附和解吸的动力学符合Boyd液膜扩散方程,吸附反应活化能Ea=12.14kJ/mol,解吸反应活化能Ea=19.54kJ/mol。     

浮石负载壳聚糖吸附去除水中丙溴磷

通过浮石负载壳聚糖制备了吸附剂壳聚糖/浮石复合物,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析(TGA)、元素分析、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线荧光光谱(XRF)等技术手段表征了吸附剂性质,考察了吸附剂量、吸附时间、溶液pH值、离子强度和温度对该吸附剂吸附去除水中丙溴磷的影响,研究了再生吸附剂的吸附性能。结果表明,负载在浮石上的壳聚糖占吸附剂总量的8.69%;在p H值3.0~7.0内,壳聚糖/浮石对丙溴磷的吸附率大于90%;这种吸附剂对丙溴磷的吸附受溶液离子强度影响较小,随温度升高而稍微减小。在溶液温度25℃、pH=7.0、丙溴磷浓度40 mg/L、壳聚糖/浮石剂量为0.7 g/L和吸附平衡时间为90 min条件下,此吸附剂对丙溴磷最大吸附率为93.3%(最大吸附量为53.4 mg/g)。壳聚糖/浮石连续经过3次吸附/再生循环,每次循环对丙溴磷的吸附率下降约12%。可见壳聚糖/浮石通过吸附可有效地去除水中的农药丙溴磷。     

邻菲咯啉改性膨润土吸附水中镉离子的研究

通过邻菲咯啉改性膨润土,对水中镉离子进行吸附性能的研究.探讨了投加量、pH值、接触时间、温度等影响因素对改性膨润土吸附镉离子的影响.实验结果表明:在25℃,250 r/min,pH 5.5,NaNO3浓度0.01 mol/L,投加量为5.0 g/L,镉离子质量浓度100 mg/L的条件下,未改性膨润土对水中镉离子的吸附...     

希夫碱型木质素基吸附材料的制备及其对Pb~(2+)吸附性能研究

以乙酸木质素为原料,通过曼尼希胺化反应和希夫碱反应制备希夫碱型木质素基离子吸附材料(SLA),利用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和元素分析等手段对SLA的结构进行表征。考察了溶液pH值、吸附剂用量和离子溶液初始浓度等因素对SLA吸附性能的影响。结果表明,在pH=5.0、吸附剂用量2.0g/L、Pb~(2+)溶液浓度200mg/L条件下,SLA对Pb~(2+)具有较高的吸附量(65.45mg/g)和良好的吸附选择性。研究结果表明,SLA对Pb~(2+)的等温吸附过程符合Freundlich等温吸附模型,存在非均匀多层吸附现象;SLA对Pb~(2+)的吸附动力学过程符合准二级吸附动力学模型,表明SLA对Pb~(2+)的吸附作用主要为化学吸附。     

向日葵盘低酯化果胶对水溶液中镉离子的吸附作用

本文研究了向日葵盘中的天然低酯化果胶对水溶液中镉离子(Cd²⁺)的吸附作用,考察了果胶添加量、果胶溶液的pH值、温度、吸附时间、共存离子对Cd²⁺吸附量和去除率的影响。随果胶添加量的增加,Cd²⁺的去除率从2.25%逐渐升高至14.60%,而吸附量则先从18.00mg/g增加至20.53mg/g,后逐渐降低至5.84mg/g;随果胶溶液pH值的升高,吸附量和去除率先分别增加至20.70mg/g和15.53%,后逐渐降低;随温度的升高,吸附量和去除率分别增加至20.80mg/g和15.60%后几乎不变;反应10min吸附量和去除率即可达到最大,分别为19.81mg/g和14.75%。此外,溶液中的Ca²⁺也会影响果胶的吸附作用,当Ca²⁺与Cd²⁺的质量比为2时,吸附量和去除率降低了36.70%。确定了向日葵盘果胶吸附Cd²⁺的最佳条件：当溶液中Cd²⁺的浓度为8.0mg/L时,添加等体积80mg/L的pH值为8....     

Aldol condensation of furfural and acetone on layered double hydroxides

The Aldol condensation of furfural (Fur) with acetone (Ac) to 4-(2-Furyl)-3-buten-2-one (FAc) is one of the most important processes in the aqueous-reforming of oxygen-containing biomass derivatives and has been carried out in the presence of solid-base catalysts, calcined-rehydrated Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH). The Mg-Al Layered Double Hydroxides has been prepared by the coprecipitation, calcination and regeneration from mixed oxides by rehydration. The catalyst prepared with different Mg/Al molar ratios showed different catalytic performance and the best catalyst was with the Mg/Al molar ratio of 2.5. Phenol adsorption showed that the best catalyst had the largest numbers of accessible basic sites. The appropriate rehydration temperature and time for mixed oxides obtained by calcination were also investigated. The Mg-Al LDH catalysts can be regenerated by calcination at 773 K and rehydration in decarbonate water, but the regeneration is complex and incomplete. In addition, the catalyst calcined at high temperature also had activity, which was attributed to the formation of the Mg-Al spinels.     

多孔NiO的制备及其对水中四环素的吸附

采用水热法及高温灼烧合成了多孔金属氧化物NiO,并用于水样中四环素(TC)的吸附。使用扫描电镜(SEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)以及X-射线衍射(XRD)方法进行表征。结果表明,产物呈现团簇的花朵状结构,表面多孔。考察了pH值、吸附时间、TC浓度及温度对NiO吸附能力的影响。得到NiO吸附TC的最佳pH值为7.0,吸附120 min即可达到吸附平衡,当TC浓度由10 mg/L增加到100 mg/L时,吸附量由26.49 mg/g增加到134.84 mg/g。吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,通过Langmuir模型拟合得出NiO对TC的最大吸附容量为144.90 mg/g。NiO具有可重复使用、成本低廉、制备方法简单,对TC吸附容量高等优点,适用于污染水体中TC类污染物的快速去除。     

Adsorption of Acid Dyes from Aqueous Solutions by Calcined Alunite and Granular Activated Carbon

Dyestuff production units and dyeing units have always had a pressing need for techniques that allow economical pretreatment for color in the effluent. The effectiveness of adsorption for dye removal from wastewaters had made it an ideal alternative to other expensive treatment options. This paper deals with an investigation on alunite, existing wide reserves in Türkiye and in the world, for dye removal. Calcined alunite was utilized for this study and its performance evaluated against that of granular activated carbon (GAC). The use of calcined alunite for the removal of Acid Blue 40 and Acid Yellow 17 (AB 40 and AY 17) from aqueous solution at different calcination temperature and time, particle size, pH, agitation time and dye concentration has been investigated. The adsorption followed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The process follows first order adsorption rate expression and the rate constant was found to be 7.65 × 10^–2 and 5.74 × 10^–2 min^–1 for adsorption of AB 40 and AY 17 on calcined alunite, and 8.41 × 10^–2 and 10.04 × 10^–2 min^–1 for adsorption of AB 40 and AY 17 on GAC, respectively. The equilibrium saturation adsorption capacities were 212.8 mg dye/g calcined alunite and 151.5 mg dye/g calcined alunite for AB 40 and AY 17, respectively. The adsorption capacities were found to be 57.47 mg and 133.3 mg dye per g of GAC for AB 40 and AY 17, respectively. The results indicate that, for the removal of acid dye, calcined alunite was most effective adsorbent, although comparable dye removals were exhibited by GAC.     

Adsorption behavior of calcined layered double hydroxides towards removal of iodide contaminants

Calcined layered double hydroxide (CLDH) as a potential adsorbent to remove iodide contaminants was investigated in batch mode. The uptake capacity of calcined LDH is higher than that of LDHs as precursor, due to their different mechanism which is supported by XRD and TG-MS measurements. The influences of CLDH structure, dosage of CLDH, initial concentration of iodide ion and co-existing anions on the removal of iodide ion have been investigated. The applicability of the Langmuir isotherm shows that the maximum uptake capacity was approximately 376 mg/g, and Gibbs free energy (ΔG ⁰) for the process is −23.8 kJ/mol. The negative ΔG ⁰ value shows the spontaneity of the adsorption process.     

A templated electrosynthesis of macroporous NiAl layered double hydroxides thin films

Colloidal crystals of polystyrene (PS) beads self-assembled on Pt electrode were used as a sacrificial template to electrosynthesis thin films of macroporous Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH). Such nanostructured materials display a high internal surface area and porosity leading to enhanced electrochemical performance.     

杂多阴离子柱撑水滑石的合成、热稳定性、酸碱性研究

采用水溶液中阴离子直接交换法合成了过渡金属单取代Keggin结构杂多阴离子SiW11M(H2O)O39^6^- (M=Mn^2^+, Fe^2^+, Co^2^+, Ni^2^+, Cu^2^+,Zn^2^+)柱撑水滑石。用元素分析、XRD和IR对产物的组成与结构进行了表征。XRD结果给出柱撑产物的底面间距达1.47nm。DTA结合不同温度下焙烧样品的XRD、IR研究表明, 柱撑水滑石在低于250℃时脱除物理吸附水和层间水; 在400~500℃之间脱除层上羟基, 形成一个无定形的混合氧化物状态; 在600℃以上无定形态结晶为晶态氧化物混合物。异丙醇探针反应表明, 柱撑水滑石具有高于水滑石前驱体和相应杂多酸盐的催化活性, 且同时存在酸碱两类催化活性中心, 但酸中心明显较强。     

Treatment of methyl orange by calcined layered double hydroxides in aqueous solution: adsorption property and kinetic studies

Adsorption of a weak acid dye, methyl orange (MO) by calcined layered double hydroxides (LDO) with Zn/Al molar ratio of 3:1 was investigated. In the light of so called "memory effect," LDO was found to recover their original layered structure in the presence of appropriate anions, after adsorption part of MO(-) and CO(2-)(3) (come from air) intercalated into the interlayer of LDH which had been supported by XRD and ICP. The results of adsorption experiments indicate that the maximum capacity of MO at equilibrium (Q(e)) and percentage of adsorption (eta%) with a fixed adsorbent dose of 0.5 g L(-1) were found to be 181.9 mg g(-1) and 90.95%, respectively, when MO concentration, temperature, pH and equilibrium time were 100 mg L(-1), 298 K, 6.0 and 120 min, respectively. The isotherms showed that the adsorption of MO by Zn/Al-LDO was both consistent with Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature and followed pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The calculated value of E(a) was found to be 77.1 kJ mol(-1), which suggests that the process of adsorption of methyl orange is controlled by the rate of reaction rather than diffusion. The possible mechanism for MO adsorption has also been presumed. In addition, the competitive anions on adsorption and the regeneration of Zn/Al-LDO have also been investigated.     

纯相钙铝层状双氢氧化物对磷的吸附特性

采用乙醇辅助液相共沉淀法制备了纯相Ca-Al-LDH层状双金属氢氧化物,考察了Ca-Al-LDH的投加量、吸附时间、pH值、无机电解质(Na₂CO₃ ,KCl ,Na₂SO₄,KNO₃)和温度等因素对磷吸附的影响,结果表明,纯相Ca-Al-LDH对磷酸根离子具有很好的吸附性能,最大饱和吸附量可达160.78 mg/g,当pH值为5.1、温度为45 ℃、吸附时间为600 min、LDH投加量为0.6 g/L、磷初始浓度为80 mg/L时,磷的去除率高达95.88%;无机阴离子会抑制磷在吸附剂上的吸附,当Cl^-浓度从2.5 g/L升高到25 g/L时,Ca-Al-LDH对磷酸盐的最大饱和吸附量从69.96 mg/g降至53.18 mg/g,降低了23.99%;当SO₄^2-浓度从2.5 g/L升高到25 g/L时,Ca-Al-LDH对磷酸盐的最大饱和吸附量降低了24.79%,其它无机阴离子对磷在吸附剂上的吸附也有一定的影响。 Ca-Al-LDH对水中磷的吸附符合二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温模型。 采用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪等技术手段对制备的纯相Ca-Al-LDH及其吸附磷酸根后的产物进行表征,揭示了Ca-Al-LDH对磷酸根的吸附可能是静电吸引、化学吸附和阴离子插层等过程协同作用的吸附机理。     

钙蒙脱土吸附镧的影响因素及其应用

以钙基蒙脱土(Ca-MMT)为载体,研究其对镧(La)的吸附。 采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和元素mapping分析、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、BET、X射线荧光光谱分析(XRF)对其晶型结构、表面形态、比表面积、化学结构进行表征,考察了La的初始浓度、pH值、温度对Ca-MMT吸附镧性能的影响,考察了载镧钙基蒙脱土(Ca-MMT@La)的除磷效果。 结果表明:Ca-MMT投入量为10 g/L时,Ca-MMT的平衡吸附量随镧的初始浓度增加而增大,最大吸附量为49.62 mg/g;随着pH值增大,吸附能力增强,pH=6时为最佳pH吸附镧条件,吸附量为38.36 mg/g;随温度的升高,其吸附量先下降再上升,20 ℃吸附能力最大,吸附量为41.23 mg/g。 Langmuir等温吸附方程推断其吸附属于单分子层吸附。 Ca-MMT不具有吸附磷效果,而Ca-MMT@La对磷酸根有很强的吸附能力,吸附量为7.24 mg/g,除磷率为72.41%,其除磷率随含镧量增大而增大。