钛铁矿型六方相ZnTiO3的电子结构和光学性质

分别采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的局域密度近似(LDA)和广义梯度近似(GGA)方法对钛铁矿型六方相ZnTiO₃的电子结构进行了第一性原理计算, 并在局域密度近似下计算了六方相ZnTiO₃的光学性质, 并将计算结果与实验数据进行了对比. 结果表明, 在局域密度近似下计算得到的结构参数更接近实验数据. 理论预测六方相ZnTiO₃属于直接带隙半导体材料, 其禁带宽度(布里渊区Z 点)为3.11 eV. 电子态密度和Mulliken 电荷布居分析表明Zn―O键是典型的离子键而Ti―O键是类似于钙钛矿型ATiO₃ (A=Sr, Pb, Ba)的Ti―O共价键. 在50 eV的能量范围内研究了ZnTiO₃的介电函数、吸收光谱和折射率等光学性质, 并基于电子能带结构和态密度对光学性质进行了解释.     

氢分子在ZrC(111)面解离过程的动态能带结构研究

采用密度泛函方法和平板模型对H₂在ZrC(111)面上的反应途径进行了研究, 结果表明H₂在该表面上的解离易于发生. 通过考察各中间态的能带结构, 在H₂解离的过程中, H 1s诱导态(占据)所处能量位置存在着先上升后下降的过程, 同时清洁表面中处在费米能级下方的以表面Zr原子4d_xz/d_yz为主要成分的能带消失. 上述能带结构分析结果再现了活性表面态在反应过程中的作用, 并与光电子能谱观测结果相吻合.     

六角多铁性HoMnO3的电子和能带结构

基于密度泛函理论(DFT)结合投影缀加平面波(PAW)方法, 运用广义梯度近似(GGA), 在考虑电子基态自旋阻挫非共线的磁性结构基础上, 研究了具有六角钙钛矿结构HoMnO₃材料的磁性、电子和能带结构, 并解释了相关实验结果. 结果表明: 当考虑Mn³⁺离子的电子自旋在平面内呈阻挫的三角非共线反铁磁(NAFM)排列时, 六角HoMnO₃的总能降低、能隙变大、磁矩增大、各原子的位置更接近于实验值, 电子态密度(DOS)分布具有与X光吸收谱测量更为一致的结果. 对非共线磁性结构计算得到的电子态密度和能带结构的分析发现, 实验中观察到的1.7和2.3 eV两个光学吸收峰都源于Mn³⁺离子3d与平面内O(3, 4) 2p形成的杂化态与Mn [3d_3z²-r²]之间的电子跃迁, 而Ho 5d空轨道与平面上的O(3, 4) 2p轨道之间在z方向的强烈杂化驱动HoMnO₃产生垂直于平面方向的铁电极化.     

第一性原理研究MgZn2相的电子结构及磁性质

运用密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算分析了MgZn₂相的电子结构及相关磁性质。能带结构和态密度分析表明Zn4s和Zn4p轨道、Mg3s和Mg3p轨道分别发生sp态杂化,然后杂化态之间相互作用而形成Zn-Mg键;Mulliken布居分布计算显示:Zn₁-Mg(Zn₁是处于晶格边缘的Zn原子)和Zn₂-Mg(Zn₂是处于晶格内部的Zn原子)电子云重叠布居数接近0,电子密度分析显示Zn-Mg之间电子密度分布具有明显的定域性。结合上述结果与Zn、Mg原子的电负性差异,确定Zn-Mg键为极性共价键。分态密度(PDOS)分析显示,Zn₁-Mg键和Zn₂-Mg键的差异主要表现在Zn₂4s轨道在-10~-6 eV区域对成键的贡献度高于Zn₁4s轨道,而Zn₁4s轨道在2~5 eV区域对成键的贡献度高于Zn₂4s轨道。进一步对MgZn₂的积分自旋态密度和磁矩计算表明:MgZn₂磁性质表现为顺磁性,其磁性主要来源于Zn₁-Mg键中的2个自旋相同的未配对电子;MgZn₂的顺磁性特性将使Al-Zn-Mg-Cu(7xxx系)高强铝合金产生磁致塑性效应。     

线性缀加平面波法计算掺杂钨和钒锐钛矿二氧化钛的电子结构

利用基于密度泛函理论的线性缀加平面波(LAPW)法, 计算未掺杂和掺杂钨和钒的锐钛矿TiO₂晶体的能带和电子态密度. 计算结果表明, 钨和钒的掺杂能够使锐钛矿TiO₂的能带明显变窄.     

N-甲基-2-(4'-N-乙基咔唑基)-[60]富勒烯吡咯烷及其衍生物的合成, 电荷分离态特征

通过1,3-偶极环加成方法在微波照射下合成了N-甲基-2-(4'-N-乙基咔唑基)-富勒烯吡咯烷(C₆₀-Cz)和N-甲基-2- (4'-N,N-二苯基氨基)-富勒烯吡咯烷(C₆₀-TPA), 用质谱, ¹H NMR, IR等对其结构进行了表征. 用激光光解时间分辨瞬态谱研究了N-甲基-2-(4'-N-乙基咔唑基)-富勒烯吡咯烷的分子内电荷转移过程, 在近红外区观测到了长寿命电荷分离态C₆₀^•--C_Z^•+的存在, 其寿命为0.28 μs. 运用Gaussian 98量子化学程序包, 利用密度泛函的方法对N-甲基-2-(4'-N,N-二苯基氨基)-富勒烯吡咯烷几何构型进行了优化, 并在优化基础上用ZINDO方法计算了化合物C₆₀-TPA的电子光谱, 计算结果表明, 光谱吸收峰在440 nm, 与实验值433 nm基本一致.     

单锰取代的Keggin型多酸吸附大气小分子X(X=H2O,N2,O2,NO,N2O,CO和CO2)的密度泛函理论计算研究

基于密度泛函理论（DFT） M06L方法对一系列单锰取代的Keggin型POM吸附大气小分子X（X=H₂O,N₂,O₂,NO,N₂O,CO和CO₂）配合物的分子几何,电子结构和成键性质进行了系统研究。由于POM的多阴离子性质,铯盐Cs₄[PW₁₁O₃₉Mn^ⅢH₂O]被用来考虑抗衡离子效应。DFT-M06L计算表明,当改变4个Cs抗衡阳离子的位置时,多酸阴离子的几何结构和电子结构参数几乎没有变化。当不考虑抗衡离子效应,在气相和溶液中单独优化多酸阴离子（[PW₁₁O₃₉Mn^ⅢH₂O]^4-）时,其主要几何和电子参数没有显著变化。比较不同自旋态的能量表明[PW₁₁O₃₉Mn^ⅡX]^4-（X=H₂O、N₂、N₂O、CO和CO₂）的最低能量态是高自旋五重态,[PW₁₁O₃₉Mn^ⅢO₂]^4-为三重态,而[PW₁₁O₃₉Mn^ⅢNO]^4-则为双重态。这些大气小分子在类卟啉POM配体上的吸附能量按照以下顺序增加：N₂ < N₂O < CO≈CO₂ < O₂ < H₂O < NO。POM-Mn-NO配合物具有较大的吸附能。Mulliken布居分析表明,NO配体与多酸中Mn^Ⅲ中心的相互作用主要来自于中间自旋态的Mn^Ⅲ中心与NO^·分子之间的反铁磁性耦合相互作用。     

第一性原理研究MgZn2相的电子结构及磁性质

运用密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算分析了MgZn₂相的电子结构及相关磁性质。能带结构和态密度分析表明Zn₄s和Zn₄p轨道、Mg₃s和Mg₃p轨道分别发生sp态杂化,然后杂化态之间相互作用而形成Zn-Mg键;Mulliken布居分布计算显示:Zn₁-Mg(Zn₁是处于晶格边缘的Zn原子)和Zn₂-Mg(Zn₂是处于晶格内部的Zn原子)电子云重叠布居数接近0,电子密度分析显示Zn-Mg之间电子密度分布具有明显的定域性。结合上述结果与Zn、Mg原子的电负性差异,确定Zn-Mg键为极性共价键。分态密度(PDOS)分析显示,Zn₁-Mg键和Zn₂-Mg键的差异主要表现在Zn₂4s轨道在-10~-6eV区域对成键的贡献度高于Zn₁4s轨道,而Zn₁4s轨道在2~5eV区域对成键的贡献度高于Zn₂4s轨道。进一步对MgZn₂的积分自旋态密度和磁矩计算表明:MgZn₂磁性质表现为顺磁性,其磁性主要来源于Zn₁-Mg键中的2个自旋相同的未配对电子;MgZn₂的顺磁性特性将使Al-Zn-Mg-Cu(7×××系)高强铝合金产生磁致塑性效应。     

氮缺陷对GaN/g-C3N4异质结电子结构和光学性能影响的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论下的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法,研究了单层GaN、g-C₃N₄、GaN/g-C₃N₄异质结及3种氮缺陷GaN/g-C₃N₄-V_XN （X=1、2、3）异质结的稳定性、电子结构、功函数及光学性能。计算结果表明,GaN/g-C₃N₄异质结体系晶格失配率极低（0.8%）,属于完全共格。与单层g-C₃N₄相比,GaN/g-C₃N₄和GaN/g-C₃N₄-V_XN （X=1、2、3）异质结的导带向低能方向偏移,价带上移,从而导致带隙减小,且态密度均显示出轨道杂化现象。GaN/g-C₃N₄和GaN/g-C₃N₄-V_XN （X=1、2、3）异质结在界面处均形成了电势差,在其内部形成了从g-C₃N₄层指向GaN层的内置电场。GaN/g-C₃N₄-V_1N异质结的界面电势差值最大且红移现象最为明显,表明GaN/g-C₃N₄-V_1N异质结相较其他2个N缺陷异质结光学性能最好。氮缺陷的引入在不同程度上提高了GaN/g-C₃N₄异质结在红外光区域的光吸收能力。     

ZnSe掺Cu与Zn空位缺陷的稳定性、电子结构与光学性质

采用基于密度泛函理论框架下的第一性原理平面波超软雁势方法, 对ZnSe闪锌矿结构本体、掺入p型杂质Cu(Zn_0.875Cu_0.125Se)及Zn空位(Zn_0.875Se)超晶胞进行结构优化处理. 计算并详细分析了缺陷体系的形成能和三种体系下ZnSe材料的态密度、能带结构、集居数、介电和吸收光谱. 结果表明: 在Zn空位与Cu掺杂ZnSe体系中, 由于空位及杂质能级的引入, 禁带宽度有所减小, 吸收光谱产生红移; 单空位缺陷结构不易形成, Zn_0.875Se结构不稳定, Cu掺杂ZnSe结构相对更稳定.     

N-[2-(2-吡啶)乙基]苯胺及其CoCl2配合物的晶体结构及配体的构象研究

本文制备了二氯[N-(2-吡啶乙基)苯胺]钴配合物, 并用X射线衍射法测定了配合物及配体的晶体结构。结合EHMO和DPCILO计算, 从能量角度, 跟踪配体从构象1(配体的晶态构象)变至构象2(配体在配合物中的晶态构象)的变化过程。     

The Influence of Unsaturated Hydrocarbon Ligands on the Stabilization of Platinum Tetramer

In the present study, Pt₄(CH)_n (1 ≤ n ≤ 7) and Pt₄(benzene)₂ metalorganic complexes have been investigated by performing density functional theory within spin polarized local density approximation, generalized gradient approximation and hybrid exchange correlation functionals in terms of the geometric properties, stability and energetics, electronic properties and chemical reactivity indexes. Locally stable isomers are distinguished from transition states by vibrational frequency analysis. Our calculations indicate that Pt₄(CH)₄ and Pt₄benzene metal hydrocarbon complexes are the most stable structures among the studied species.     

First-principles Studies on Electronic Structures of Ga-doped ZnO and ZnS

First-principles calculations have been performed to clarify the differences of the electronic structures of Ga-doped ZnO and ZnS. Results show the local density approximation and local density approximation+U calculations are in good qualitative agreement with each other. After doping, impurity states appear near the Fermi level in both ZnO and ZnS cases.When ZnO is doped, the impurity states are delocalized in the whole conduction band. On the contrary, when ZnS is doped, though the p state of Ga is also delocalized, the s state is localized near the Fermi level. Partial charge density distributions of the frontier orbital show the same information. After an exchange of the crystal structures of ZnO and ZnS,results remain unchanged. The localized Ga s state accounts for the bad electrical properties of Ga-doped ZnS.     

First-principles Study on the Electronic and Bonding Properties of PbTiO3 (110) Polar Terminations

The electronic structures and bonding properties of the (110) polar terminations of cubic PbTiO₃ were examined by the first-principles calculations at the generalized gradient approximation level. Two stoichiometric (PbTiO and O₂) and three nonstoichiometric(TiO, Pb, and O) terminations were considered in this study. With the aid of the calculated electron density differences, atomic charges, band structures, and densities of states, the charge redistributions and electronic properties were evaluated in detail. Furthermore, based on the calculated results of the cleavage energies, relaxation energies, and surface energies of the investigated terminations, the charge compensation by the modification of the surface stoichiometry and the fillings of surface states were thermodynamically evaluated.     

Analytical time-dependent density functional derivative methods within the RI-J approximation, an approach to excited states of large molecules

Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is now well established as an efficient method for molecular excited state treatments. In this work, we introduce the resolution of the identity approximation for the Coulomb energy (RI-J) to excited state gradient calculations. In combination with nonhybrid functionals, the RI-J approximation leads to speed ups in total timings of an order of magnitude compared to the conventional method; this is demonstrated for oligothiophenes with up to 40 monomeric units and adamantane clusters. We assess the accuracy of the computed adiabatic excitation energies, excited state structures, and vibrational frequencies on a set of 36 excited states. The error introduced by the RI-J approximation is found to be negligible compared to deficiencies of standard basis sets and functionals. Auxiliary basis sets optimized for ground states are suitable for excited state calculations with small modifications. In conclusion, the RI-J approximation significantly extends the scope of applications of analytical TDDFT derivative methods in photophysics and photochemistry.     

Analytical nuclear excited‐state gradients for the Tamm–Dancoff approximation using uncoupled frozen‐density embedding

We report the derivation and implementation of analytical nuclear gradients for excited states using time‐dependent density functional theory using the Tamm–Dancoff approximation combined with uncoupled frozen‐density embedding using density fitting. Explicit equations are presented and discussed. The implementation is able to treat singlet as well as triplet states and functionals using the local density approximation, the generalized gradient approximation, combinations with Hartree–Fock exchange (hybrids), and range‐separated functionals such as CAM‐B3LYP. The new method is benchmarked against supermolecule calculations in two case studies: The solvatochromic shift of the (vertical) fluorescence energy of 4‐aminophthalimide on solvation, and the first local excitation of the benzonitrile dimer. Whereas for the 4‐aminophthalimide–water complex deviations of about 0.2 eV are obtained to supermolecular calculations, for the benzonitrile dimer the maximum error for adiabatic excitation energies is below 0.01 eV due to a weak coupling of the subsystems. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Structure and Properties of Semiconductor Microclusters GanPn（n=1-4）： A First Principle Study

The possible geometrical structures and relative stabilities of semiconductor microclusters Ga.P.(n=1-4) were studied by virtue of density functional calculations with generalized gradient approximation(B3LYP). For the most stable isomers of Ga,,P.(n=1-4) clusters, the electronic structure, vibrational properties. dipole moment, polarizability and ionization potential were analyzed by means of HF. MP2. CISD and B3L YP methods with different basis sets.     

A density-functional study of the possibility of noncollinear magnetism in small Mn clusters using SIESTA and the generalized gradient approximation to exchange and correlation

We investigated the possibility of noncollinear magnetism in small Mn(n) clusters (n=2-6) using the density-functional method SIESTA with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) to exchange and correlation. The lowest-energy states identified were collinear, with the atomic spin magnetic moments pointing in the same direction, for Mn(2) and Mn(3), and noncollinear for Mn(4), Mn(5) and, most decidedly, Mn(6). These SIESTA/GGA results, which are compared with those of an earlier SIESTA study that used the local spin density approximation, are qualitatively in keeping with the result obtained by VASP/GGA calculations.     

Ca(AlH4)2, CaAlH5, and CaH2+6LiBH4: Calculated dehydrogenation enthalpy, including zero point energy, and the structure of the phonon spectra

The dehydrogenation enthalpies of Ca(AlH(4))(2), CaAlH(5), and CaH(2)+6LiBH(4) have been calculated using density functional theory calculations at the generalized gradient approximation level. Harmonic phonon zero point energy (ZPE) corrections have been included using Parlinski's direct method. The dehydrogenation of Ca(AlH(4))(2) is exothermic, indicating a metastable hydride. Calculations for CaAlH(5) including ZPE effects indicate that it is not stable enough for a hydrogen storage system operating near ambient conditions. The destabilized combination of LiBH(4) with CaH(2) is a promising system after ZPE-corrected enthalpy calculations. The calculations confirm that including ZPE effects in the harmonic approximation for the dehydrogenation of Ca(AlH(4))(2), CaAlH(5), and CaH(2)+6LiBH(4) has a significant effect on the calculated reaction enthalpy. The contribution of ZPE to the dehydrogenation enthalpies of Ca(AlH(4))(2) and CaAlH(5) calculated by the direct method phonon analysis was compared to that calculated by the frozen-phonon method. The crystal structure of CaAlH(5) is presented in the more useful standard setting of P2(1)c symmetry and the phonon density of states of CaAlH(5), significantly different to other common complex metal hydrides, is rationalized.     

Lattice Dynamics and Electronic Properties of Heusler Alloys Li2AlX (X=Ga,In): A Comparison Study

The lattice parameters, bulk modulus, first derivative of the bulk modulus, electronic band structures, phonon dispersion curves and phonon density of states calculations for Li₂AlGa and Li₂AlIn Heusler alloys are performed and compared in this study using density functional theory within the generalized gradient approximation. Computed lattice parameters display a good agreement with the literature. Obtained electronic band structures of both Heusler alloys show that they are in semi-metallic structure. Phonon dispersion curves and the phonon density of states graphs are also obtained in order to study the lattice dynamics of these Heusler alloys. It is noticed that Li₂AlGa and Li₂AlIn Heusler alloys are dynamically stable in the ground state.