多孔有机聚合物材料的合成与荧光传感应用

多孔有机聚合物荧光材料既具有孔隙度高的特点,也具有突出的荧光性能.当其骨架上存在与特定分析物(如硝基芳香爆炸物、金属离子、阴离子等)的结合位点时,便赋予其荧光传感的功能.按照不同多孔有机聚合物(POPs)材料的类型,即无定型的多孔有机聚合物材料、晶型含配位键的多孔金属有机框架(MOFs)材料、晶型共价有机框架(COFs)材料,综述了近年来多孔有机聚合物荧光材料的研究新进展,特别是它们基于有机功能分子的设计与合成,及其荧光传感应用.继续从分子层面设计新型的荧光COFs材料是未来可循环使用的高效荧光化学传感器的发展方向,值得关注.     

用于铁离子检测的荧光传感材料研究进展

准确、定量检测Fe~(3+)对环境保护和人类健康具有重要意义。目前,荧光传感材料广泛应用于分子传感、气体传感、环境监测等诸多领域。为了实现环境监测领域Fe~(3+)的快速响应、高灵敏和高选择性检测,研究者大力开发了各种新型荧光传感材料,本文重点介绍了金属有机骨架(MOFs)、荧光量子点(QDs)、金属纳米簇、荧光小分子和荧光聚合物等各种新型荧光材料在Fe~(3+)检测中的应用;分析了目前荧光传感材料研究中存在的问题和局限性并对其发展方向进行了展望。     

基于有机纳米纤维薄膜的荧光化学传感

薄膜荧光化学传感提供了一种固相、便携、易操作的气相分子检测技术,在环境、安全、生物医学、健康监测等领域具有重要的应用价值和发展前景.基于本课题组在超分子自组装构建n-型有机半导体苝二酰亚胺衍生物(PTCDI)一维纳米纤维及其荧光薄膜检测胺类等气相分子领域研究,结合其他课题组工作,本文阐述了该类纳米纤维多孔薄膜在结构调控,荧光传感应用性能、机制和意义方面的研究进展.同时,也介绍了本课题组在p型有机半导体咔唑角亚乙炔四环(ACTC)和咔唑三聚体等在本领域的进展,最后对未来挑战和发展方向进行了展望.     

二苯乙烯基蒽聚集诱导发光材料体系的研究进展

具有聚集诱导发光(AIE)性质的有机荧光分子由于其扭曲的分子构型,在聚集态或固态表现出显著增强的荧光发射,避免了传统有机荧光分子的浓度猝灭现象,因而在光电器件、生物传感等领域有着广泛的应用.本文着重介绍了具有AIE性质的二苯乙烯基蒽(DSA)衍生物及其在高效固态发光材料、刺激响应材料、生物成像和生物与化学传感等领域的研究进展.     

LDHs薄膜基纳米荧光传感器的制备及其研究进展

层状复合氢氧化物(LDHs)是一种层板金属元素和层间离子可调的无机层状材料,利用其独特的插层组装特性,基于静电、氢键、范德华力等相互作用力,功能性荧光客体分子可与LDHs纳米片复合构筑多功能荧光薄膜材料.LDHs薄膜基荧光材料用于荧光传感器,在有机挥发性气体(VOCs)、温度、压力、重要生物分子等的检测中显示了良好性能.本文总结了LDHs复合薄膜的制备方法以及近年来其在纳米荧光传感领域的进展,并对其未来发展做出了展望.     

基于荧光寿命机理的光纤温度传感器研究

为了实现恶劣环境下温度的测量,设计了一种基于荧光寿命机理的光纤温度传感系统.温度传感系统选用415 nm LED作为光源,以稀土荧光材料Y2O2S:Eu作为温度敏感材料,通过探测放大器和信号采集模块测量了敏感材料的荧光寿命,并由荧光寿命与温度的单调关系最终实现了温度的测量.采用油浴加热的方法进行温度实验,实验结果表明,温度传感系统在25~80℃实现了温度的测量,分辨率为0.5℃.     

环糊精衍生物及包合物构建荧光探针的研究进展

环糊精是超分子化学中的一类重要主体化合物,在药物缓释、化学传感、对映体分离以及新型材料等众多领域都得到了广泛的应用.由于环糊精具有外亲水内疏水的桶形结构,其空腔内可以插入具有识别功能的受体分子或荧光染料,可通过螯合或置换方式实现对目标分子的识别,因此基于环糊精衍生物及包合物构建荧光探针也受到了人们的极大关注.总结了基于环糊精设计合成的荧光探针在检测金属离子、阴离子和分子等方面的应用,重点描述了识别性能和识别机制,为环糊精衍生物及包合物在荧光检测领域的应用提供理论依据.     

分子印迹荧光传感构建及应用

构建一个高灵敏、高选择性检测痕量分析物的传感器广受科研工作者关注。分子印迹技术由于具有高选择性识别、高容量吸附、快速结合、热稳定性以及低成本等优点,已广泛应用于传感构建领域。以分子印迹聚合物为识别单元,结合荧光传感技术所构建的分子印迹荧光传感器在环境污染物痕量检测方面成为研究重点。本文主要介绍分子印迹聚合物的制备方法,总结分子印迹荧光传感器的构建机理和分子印迹荧光传感器在金属离子、有机小分子以及生物大分子检测方面的应用。重点探讨分子印迹传感器在不同数量的荧光团下检测一种或多种目标分析物的方法,包括单一荧光团检测单一目标物、比率荧光检测单一目标物以及分子印迹荧光传感的多元检测。基于以上分析和总结,提出分子印迹荧光传感器的当前挑战和发展前景。     

基于有机小分子的焦磷酸根荧光探针研究进展

焦磷酸根(PPi)作为一种重要的生物功能阴离子在生命科学、环境科学、药物领域和化学过程等方面起着非常重要的作用.鉴于荧光分析具有操作简便、灵敏度高等突出优点,设计合成高效的PPi荧光探针成为近年来超分子化学研究的热点之一.综述了近年来PPi荧光识别与传感的多种设计策略与原理,主要包括基于荧光增强或淬灭型识别,激基缔合物识别,荧光指示剂置换,静电或氢键作用识别等.DPA-金属离子络合物,尤其是DPA-Zn2+络合物,作为识别基团对PPi有着显著的亲和性和选择性识别能力.DPA-Zn2+络合物与多种荧光团或者荧光指示剂组合而形成的化学传感体系已经被广泛应用于PPi荧光识别与传感.     

基于环糊精构筑的镧系稀土发光超分子组装体

镧系元素由于其优异的发光特性,如长寿命的激发态、尖锐的线状发射带和较大的Stokes位移等,在发光材料中表现出极大的优势,被越来越多地应用于高级功能发光材料的设计中.而环糊精作为第二代超分子主体分子具有易于功能化修饰以及特异性结合发光客体等优势而被广泛地用于构筑发光材料、荧光传感等超分子体系.作者从基于环糊精的镧系稀土配位化合物超分子组装体的构筑出发,对不同镧系环糊精发光材料的最新研究进展进行综述,为开发构筑新型多功能化镧系发光材料提供参考.最后,提出了稀土发光材料目前所遇到的科学问题,并对基于环糊精稀土发光材料的发展方向进行了展望.     

Fluorescent sensors for nitroaromatic compounds based on monolayer assembly of polycyclic aromatics

A class of fluorescent films in which pyrene was assembled, in a monolayer manner, on glass slide surfaces via various flexible spacers of different lengths and substructures was used for the detection of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) in vapor phase. This design strategy offers several advantages for thin film fluorescent sensory materials. These advantages have been demonstrated experimentally by the sensitive response of the films to the presence of trace amounts of NACs in vapor phase. The fluorescence quenching of the films upon exposure to NACs vapors depends on several factors, including the evaporate rate of the NAC detected, the length of the spacers connecting the sensing element and the substrate surface, and the density of the sensing element on the substrate surface. Further experimentation showed that the sensing process is reversible and free of commonly encountered interference. The sensitive response, reversibility of the sensing process, and freedom from commonly encountered interference of the specially designed films to NACs qualify these materials as promising NACs fluorescent sensory materials.     

二氧化钛多孔材料及其性能研究进展

二氧化钛(TiO₂)多孔材料由于具有优异的物理化学性质,在催化、能源、传感等领域展现了重要的研究价值和应用潜力。 TiO₂的多孔结构特别在一些涉及异相反应的应用(如异相催化、气敏等)中具有重要的优势,如丰富的传质通道和表面活性位点、可调变的孔尺寸等。 目前,多孔TiO₂功能材料的开发和优化研究正在不断推进其工业化应用的进程。 本文围绕多孔TiO₂的几个优势应用领域(光催化、光生电子存储和气敏)的研究进展,从结构和缺陷设计出发介绍和讨论性能调控策略。 本文还特别介绍了本课题组通过光诱导合成法开发的一系列多孔TiO₂基功能材料,并对相关性能研究领域的关键问题进行了分析和展望。     

Plasmonic biosensing based on non-noble-metal materials

This review focuses on the research progress of non-noble-metal materials with nanostructures for plasmonic biosensing. Firstly, the physical and sensing principles of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensors are briefly introduced; then non-noble-metal materials, such as copper, aluminum, semiconductor, graphene and other materials, for plasmonic sensing are categorized and presented. Finally, a rational discussion about the future prospective of novel materials for plasmonic sensing is given.     

Carbon dots prepared for fluorescence and chemiluminescence sensing

Carbon dots(CDs) have attracted considerable research interest in recent years due to their unique optical properties, chemical inertness, facile synthesis from a wide range of starting materials, and advantages over classic quantum dots and organic dyes.Various methods have been developed for preparing the CDs, including chemical oxidation, hydro/solvothermal method,electrochemical method, microwave-assisted synthesis, and direct carbonization method. Importantly, the superior electronic properties of CDs including efficient light harvesting and prominent photoinduced electron transfer have aroused considerable attention in fluorescence(FL) and chemiluminescence(CL) sensing field. In this review, we aim to demonstrate the recent progress of CDs in the synthesis, FL and CL sensing applications. This review gives new insights into how to use different synthetic methods to tune the structure of the CDs, with the major focus on FL and CL sensing.     

基于金属纳米簇的荧光传感平台的最新研究进展

荧光纳米生物传感平台由于具有灵敏度高、选择性好、操作简单、成本低、实时监测等特点,吸引了广泛的关注。近年来,随着纳米技术的飞速发展,具有纳米结构的材料(纳米材料)在生物传感领域显示出独特的优势。与传统材料相比,纳米材料显示出独特的物化性质,如光学、电学、机械、催化和磁性等。金属(如Au、Ag、Cu及其合金)纳米簇(MNCs)是纳米科学和纳米技术领域中一种新颖的多功能纳米材料,其通常由几个到几十个金属原子组成,其核的尺寸通常小于2 nm。由于其发光能力强、易于合成和进行表面功能化、生物相容性好、尺寸超小、毒性低等优点,金属纳米簇在能源催化、医学诊断、电子器件、生物传感等领域得到了广泛的应用。此外,金属纳米簇的荧光性能极佳(如大的斯托克斯位移、可调节的荧光、高的光学稳定性和荧光量子产率等),因此被作为荧光纳米探针广泛应用于生物传感领域。该综述介绍了近年来基于不同构建机制的金属纳米簇基的传感平台的研究进展,及其在检测离子、生物分子、pH和温度传感等方面的应用。相信该综述能为从不同传感机理构建更具前景的生物传感器提供一些新见解和理论指导。     

Gold nanoparticles to boost the gas sensing performance of porous sol–gel thin films

In this paper we review our research work of the last few years on the synthesis and the gas sensing properties of nanocomposite thin films of sensitive materials with a large specific surface area, which consist of porous matrices containing functional nanocrystals of metal oxides and gold. The film porosity provides a path for the gas molecules to reach the active reaction sites on the nanoparticles surface undergoing chemical reactions which nature depends on the nature of the active material. The introduction of Au nanoparticles affects the reactions mechanism improving the sensing process, moreover the Au Surface Plasmon Resonance peak can be used for the realization of selective optical gas sensor. Two different synthetic approaches will be described, each of them characterized by a peculiar control of the final materials morphology, structure and micro-structure.     

Ferrocene-peptido conjugates: from synthesis to sensory applications

The field of chemical and biological sensing is increasingly dependent on the availability of new functional materials that enhance the ability of the system to respond to chemical interactions. Organometallic bioconjugates derived from amino acids, peptides, proteins, peptide nucleic acids, and dendrimers have had a profound effect in this area and have endowed modern sensory systems with a superior performance. Owing to their fairly high stability, solubility in various solvents, and excellent redox properties, ferrocene and ferrocenyl conjugates have emerged as one of the most important classes of materials that enable direct observation of molecular interactions and as electron mediators. The low potential, reversible redox behavior of the ferrocene/ferrocenium couple is a unique property that finds widespread application in the design of sensory platforms. Currently, there is significant drive to exploit new organometallic systems, in which the presence of ferrocene acting as a redox center is critical and allows the design of highly sensitive electrochemical sensors for the sensing and recognition of a vast array of analytes.     

Synthesis of Nitro-Aryl Functionalised 4-Amino-1,8-Naphthalimides and Their Evaluation as Fluorescent Hypoxia Sensors

Fluorescent sensors are a vital research tool, enabling the study of intricate cellular processes in a sensitive manner. The design and synthesis of responsive and targeted probes is necessary to allow such processes to be interrogated in the cellular environment. This remains a challenge, and requires methods for functionalisation of fluorophores with multiple appendages for sensing and targeting groups. Methods to synthesise more structurally complex derivatives of fluorophores will expand their potential scope. Most known 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimides are only functionalised at imide and 4-positions, and structural modifications at additional positions will increase the breadth of their utility as responsive sensors. In this work, methods for the incorporation of a hypoxia sensing group to 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide were evaluated. An intermediate was developed that allowed us to incorporate a sensing group, targeting group, and ICT donor to the naphthalimide core in a modular fashion. Synthetic strategies for attaching the hypoxia sensing group and how they affected the fluorescence of the naphthalimide were evaluated by photophysical characterisation and time-dependent density functional theory. An extracellular hypoxia probe was then rationally designed that could selectively image the hypoxic and necrotic region of tumour spheroids. Our results demonstrate the versatility of the naphthalimide scaffold and expand its utility. This approach to probe design will enable the flexible, efficient generation of selective, targeted fluorescent sensors for various biological purposes.     

The art of fluorescence imaging with chemical sensors

Fluorescence imaging techniques involving chemical sensors are essential tools in many fields of science and technology because they enable the visualization of parameters which exhibit no intrinsic color or fluorescence, for example, oxygen, pH value, CO(2), H(2)O(2), Ca(2+), or temperature, to name just a few. This Review aims to highlight the state of the art of fluorescence sensing and imaging, starting from a comprehensive overview of the basic functional principles of fluorescent probes (or indicators) and the design of sensor materials. The focus is directed towards the progress made in the development of multiple sensors and methods for their signal read out. Imaging methods involving optical sensors are applied in quite diverse scientific areas, such as medical research, aerodynamics, and marine research.     

Chiral Detection with Coordination Polymers

Coordination polymers and metal-organic frameworks are prime candidates for general chemical sensing, but the use of these porous materials as chiral probes is still an emerging field. In the last decade, they have found application in a range of chiral analysis methods, including liquid- and gas-phase chromatography, circular dichroism spectroscopy, fluorescence sensing, and NMR spectroscopy. In this minireview, we examine recent works on coordination polymers as chiral sensors and their enantioselective host-guest chemistry, while highlighting their potential for application in different settings.