压差式矢量水听器方位估计中的干扰抵消

矢量水听器由于能获取声场中标量（声压）和矢量（振速）信息，因此单个的矢量水听器就可实现目标方位估计。单个矢量水听器是利用信号的声压和质点振速之间相关性进行信号方位估计，但是当存在干扰，并且干扰和信号之间相关时，如果对运用能量流进行方位估计的方法不加改进，则会出现很大的误差，甚至出现错误的估计。本文提出一种存在已知噪声干扰情况下的干扰抵消方法，并针对该方法进行了仿真试验，最后运用湖试数据进行了验证。结果表明，该方法能有效地减弱相千千柑对信号的影响，实现对信号的方位估计。     

LB膜诱导Ba(NO3)2晶体取向生长

In this work, Ba(NO₃)₂ crystals with single crystal face were induced by using the the method of bio-mimetic mineralization and double LB films of behenic acid (BA) as the template. The crystals were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The crystals were observed in regular square shape with uniform size about 5～8 μm by SEM, and they were found by XRD to grow along the (111) plane. From these experiments, we can conclude that the good selection of the (111) crystal face of Ba(NO₃)₂ is due to the electrostatic interactions , the match between this crystal face and the definite lattice structure of the LB films.     

便携式病害猪肉速测仪的研制与应用

基于健康与病害猪肉中过氧化物酶(POD)的活性不同的原理,研制出便携式的病害猪肉速测仪,用于病害猪肉的检验与鉴别,以评判猪肉的品质。仪器的工作系统由检测系统和软件系统两部分组成。该检测仪具有操作简便,检测快速,可进行现场检测等优点。在对市场猪肉的检测中,利用测定体系与POD的反应动力学曲线,可快速准确地完成病害猪肉的鉴别,健康猪肉和病害猪肉的符合率分别为100%和96%。     

MCM-41介孔分子筛共价键联钴酞菁的制备，表征及性质

采用两种方法将钴酞菁配合物共价联接到介孔分子筛MCM-41的表面：(1) 在MCM-41表面联接含伯胺的有机侧链；(2) 是在MCM-41表面联接含仲胺的有机侧链。含氯磺酸基的钴酞菁与胺反应形成磺酰胺。对得到的主客体化合物用多种物化手段和催化反应进行了表征。结果表明，钴酞菁以单体形式固定在介孔分子筛MCM-41的孔道壁上，在反应条件下固载后的钴酞菁具有高催化活性，同时表现出良好的稳定性，多次重复使用活性没有明显的改变。     

Localization of diffusion sources in complex networks with sparse observations

Locating sources in a large network is of paramount importance to reduce the spreading of disruptive behavior. Based on the backward diffusion-based method and integer programming, we propose an efficient approach to locate sources in complex networks with limited observers. The results on model networks and empirical networks demonstrate that, for a certain fraction of observers, the accuracy of our method for source localization will improve as the increase of network size. Besides, compared with the previous method (the maximum–minimum method), the performance of our method is much better with a small fraction of observers, especially in heterogeneous networks. Furthermore, our method is more robust against noise environments and strategies of choosing observers.     

Pt/MIL-101(Cr)在肉桂醛选择性加氢反应中的催化性能

采用简单易行的浸渍法将Pt纳米粒子负载到MIL-101(Cr)上, 制备了Pt/MIL-101(Cr)催化剂, 并对其在肉桂醛选择性加氢反应的催化性能进行了研究。XRD、N₂吸附、TEM和催化性能的研究结果表明, Pt的负载量对负载于MIL-101(Cr)上Pt纳米粒子的尺寸及所制备催化剂对肉桂醇的选择性有很大影响。低Pt负载量(1.0wt%)的Pt/MIL-101(Cr)较其他MOFs和无机材料在肉桂醛选择性加氢反应中表现出了高的催化性能, 在优化的反应条件下肉桂醛转化率和对肉桂醇的选择性可分别达96.5%和86.2%。Pt/MIL-101(Cr)催化剂具有良好的稳定性。Pt/MIL-101(Cr)所表现出的优良的催化性能同MIL-101(Cr)载体的孔道结构及其表面性质密切相关。     

不同方法合成的沸石咪唑酯骨架结构材料(ZIF-8)的表征和催化性能

以二甲基咪唑为有机连接体和以Zn(OH)2或Zn(NO3)2·6H2O为Zn源,在甲醇与氨水的混合溶液、甲醇和DMF 3种不同的合成体系中合成了沸石咪唑酯骨架结构材料ZIF-8(分别记为ZIF-8(NH4OH)、ZIF-8(MeOH)和ZIF-8(DMF),并采用XRD、FTIR、N2吸附、SEM、TPD及Knoevenagel缩合反应等手段对所合成材料进行了表征。结果表明,采用这3种不同的合成方法均可成功制备出ZIF-8,所合成的ZIF-8的形貌基本一致,但其晶粒大小和酸碱性能有较大区别,同ZIF-8(NH4OH)和ZIF-8(DMF)相比,ZIF-8(MeOH)晶粒分布集中、平均粒径较小且具有较大的外比表面积和较多的酸碱位。不同方法合成的ZIF-8在苯甲醛和丙二腈的Knoevenagel缩合反应中的催化性能有很大差异,ZIF-8(MeOH)催化活性明显高于ZIF-8(DMF)和ZIF-8(NH4OH),其较高的催化活性,同其较大的外比表面积和酸碱性能密切相关。     

低温溶剂热法制备5V级性能优异的LiCr_(0.2)Ni_(0.4)Mn_(1.4)O_4正极材料(英文)

通过低温溶剂热的方法成功制备出了LiCr0.2Ni0.4Mn1.4O4尖晶石正极材料。通过此法,溶液的饱和蒸汽压急剧降低且在室温(25℃)下即可沸腾。所有的金属离子可在随后的热聚合过程中均匀分散且煅烧后所得材料无杂质相生成。采用了热重分析,X射线衍射,扫描电镜、循环伏安,交流阻抗等测试手段对材料进行了表征。结果表明:此法所得材料含有Mn3+,为Fd3m晶型,且其形貌规则、粒度分布均一。1C和10C下放电容量为140.5和121.0 mAh·g-1,10C下100次循环容量保持率高达96.9%。其优异的电化学性能可归因于均相的前驱体制备过程,高结晶度且无杂相生成,以及较高的锂离子扩散系数诸因素的共同作用。     

元素替代对Mg2NiH4释氢性能影响的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论（DFT）的平面波赝势（PWP）方法,研究了元素替代对Mg2NiH4释氢性能的影响. 计算给出了晶胞参数、电子态密度、原子间的键序和生成焓,分析了氢化物的结构稳定性和原子间成键作用之间的关系. 计算结果表明,生成焓的计算值随替代元素M(Ti,V,Cr)的变化趋势和实验测定的结果一致,且Ti的替代较好地降低了Mg2NiH4的结构稳定性,提高了Mg2NiH4的释氢性能. 分析电子结构可得,Ni(h)–H和M–H间的相互作用是影响Mg2NiH4结构稳定性的主要因素,替代元素正是通过改变M–H的相互作用来提高Mg2NiH4的释氢性能.     

Maskless laser tailoring of conical pillar arrays for antireflective biomimetic surfaces

Herein, we report a facile approach for rapid and maskless production of subwavelength structured antireflective surfaces with high and broadband transmittance-direct laser interference ablation. The interfered laser beams were introduced into the surface of a bare optical substrate, where structured surfaces consisting of a micropillar array were produced by two-step laser irradiation in the time frame of seconds. A multiple exposure of the two-beam interference approach was proposed instead of multiple-beam interference to simply realize planar patterns of a high aspect ratio. Tall sinusoidal pillars were created and shaped by pulse shot number control. As an example of the application, zinc sulfide substrates were processed with the technology, from which high transmission at an infrared wavelength, over 92%, at normal incidence was experimentally achieved.