Nd2O3纳米晶谱带特征和光伏响应的研究

利用紫外－可见反射光谱对不同粒径的Ｎｄ２Ｏ３纳米晶进行了光吸收特性研究。对其谱带的认证发现，随着样品粒径的变小，部分ｆ→ｆ跃迁的窄带明显增宽并发生红移；另外，在３００～５５０ｎｍ区的边带显著增强。指认这个边带为Ｏ２ｐ→Ｎｄ４ｆ的荷移跃迁。利用表面光电压谱及场调制表面光电压谱对其光伏响应特性、谱带归属及界面电子行为进行了研究，并借助于电荷转移和带间跃迁的概念解释了Ｎｄ２Ｏ３纳米晶谱图的特征。     

四甲基-四乙基钯卟啉的表面光伏特性研究

合成了1,3,5,7-四甲基-2,4,6,8-四乙基卟啉(TMTEP)及其钯络合物(PdTMTEP),并利用表面光电压谱(SPS)和场诱导表面光电压谱(FISPS)技术对它们的表面光伏特性进行了研究.TMTEP有较强的荧光发射,而PdTMTEP以磷光辐射为主,其光伏响应强度比TMTEP的强得多;在外电场诱导下,PdTMTEP的Soret带与Q带的光伏响应强度随外加正电场光伏响应强度的增加而增强,随外加负电场光伏响应强度的增加而减弱,并且在680,750nm处出现两个新的光伏响应带,这两个光伏响应带与极化子跃迁有关.     

三聚噻吩的表面光电压谱研究

采用表面光电压和电场诱导表面光电压技术研究了三聚噻吩在外电场作用下的电子运动行为,结合三聚噻吩的UV光谱、极化子概念以及前线轨道理论,指认了三聚噻吩能级跃迁性质,即380nm附近的峰为带－带跃迁峰,477,465和600nm附近的峰是与单极化子有关的电子跃迁;而在770和990nm附近的峰则是与双极化子有关的电子跃迁峰。     

有机化合物表面光电压谱的研究

<正> 半导体与金属接触处产生表面势垒,当光照射在样品与金属的接触界面上时,在光照面和非光照面之间建立起电位差,记录这个电位差和入射光波长的关系得到表面光电压谱。表面光电压谱反映材料的光吸收性质和电子的带-带跃迁,同时又受到光生载流子寿命的影响。应用表面光电压技术已经测量了单晶半导体的光伏效应,少数载流子的扩散长度以及表面态等。近来,王德军等用表面光电压谱的方法研究了无机半导体粉末光催化剂的活性。     

载有卟啉的介孔SBA-15表面光电压的性质研究

用表面光电压谱(SPS)和场诱导表面光电压谱(FISPS)技术对比研究了卟啉和介孔SBA-15及载有卟啉的介孔SBA-15的表面光伏特性.固载后同时显示了卟啉和介孔的光电压性质,但是光电压响应强度减弱,这是因为卟啉和介孔之间发生了电子传递的缘故.在外电场诱导下,它们的光伏响应强度随外加正电场光伏响应强度的增加而增强,随外加负电场光伏响应强度的增加而减弱.而装载后的SBA-15在334和425 nm处的光伏响应信号随外加电场的变化而有不同的变化.     

迁移管的电场强度对真空紫外电离-离子迁移谱仪性能的影响

离子迁移管是离子迁移谱仪的核心部分,它用来产生均匀的电场,以使不同迁移率的离子进行分离。本研究以丙酮为例,详细研究了本课题组所研制的真空紫外电离源-离子迁移谱仪中迁移管的电场参数对离子的灵敏度和分辨率的影响,发现电压的增大灵敏度增大,但是分辨率存在一个最佳的电压,这些结果可用于迁移谱的优化设计。     

5,10,15,20-四(对氯苯基)卟啉羟基稀土配合物的光谱研究

研究了四(对氯苯基)卟啉及其羟基稀土配合物的紫外-可见光谱、红外光谱和拉曼光谱,对主要谱带进行了经验归属,讨论了中心离子对紫外光谱和共振拉曼光谱结构敏感带频率的影响.     

掺Sn的纳米TiO2表面光生束缚激子的验证及其特性

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同掺杂Sn的TiO2纳米粒子，并主要利用表面光电压谱(SPS)和电场诱导表面光电压谱(EFISPS)对样品进行了表征，重点探讨了焙烧温度和掺Sn量对TiO2光生电荷性质的影响．同时揭示了样品结构与表面光生束缚激子的关系及其特性．结果表明：与束缚激子相关的光伏响应只在含有金红石相的TiO2样品中出现，且在混晶相中表现得更加显著．掺杂适量Sn不仅提高了纳米TiO2的与带带跃迁相关的SPS响应强度，同时也使与束缚激子相关的SPS响应明显增强．     

金离子掺杂对二氧化钛光催化性能的影响

利用高压钠灯作光源,在Au^3+-TiO2悬浮溶液中,通过紫外-可见吸光度与TOC测定证实亚甲基蓝能被快速脱色降解。金离子掺杂可大大提高TiO2的光催化活性,金离子的最佳掺杂摩尔分数为0.5%。通过表征催化剂的晶型,化学组成,荧光光谱,紫外-可见吸收光谱,电场诱导表面光电压谱,提示金离子改性的机理,紫外-可见吸收光谱证实金离子掺杂可增强催化剂在可见光区域的吸收能力,由于产生金杂质能级,金离子改性TiO2能被可见光激发。适量的金杂质能降低催化剂的荧光发射强度与电场诱导表面光电压谱强度。根据不同金离掺杂摩尔分数,荧光发射强度与电场诱导表面光电压谱强度从弱到强的排序与光催化活性比强到弱的排序是一致的。     

退火对TiO2纳米管/线复合阵列表面光电性质的影响

采用阳极氧化法制备了TiO2纳米管/线复合阵列. 利用表面光电压谱(SPS)和场诱导表面光电压谱(FISPS)研究了退火对TiO2纳米管/线复合阵列表面光电性质的影响. 结果表明, TiO2纳米管/线复合阵列在晶化前后的导带边缘均出现了束缚激子态, 晶化前由于自建场较弱, 束缚激子态能在正负电场作用下发生不对称偏转; 晶化后, 晶体结构从非晶态变为晶态, 自建场增强, 束缚激子态对正电场敏感并表现出明显的光伏响应, 而在负电场作用下束缚激子态没有任何光伏响应.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

THE EFFECT OF CLAY DISPERSION ON THE CRYSTALLIZATION AND MORPHOLOGY OF POLYPROPYLENE／CLAY COMPOSITES

PP/clay composites with different dispersions, namely, exfoliated dispersion, intercalated dispersion and agglomerates and particle-like dispersion, were prepared by direct melt intercalation or compounding. The effect of clay dispersion on the crystallization and morphology of PP was investigated via PLM, SAXS and DSC. Experimental results show that exfoliated clay layers are much more efficient than intercalated clay and agglomerates of clay in serving as nucleation agent due to the nano-scale dispersion of clay, resulting in a dramatic decrease in crystal size (lamellar thickness and spherulites) and an increase of crystallization temperature and crystallization rate. On the other hand, a decrease of melting temperature and crystallinity was also observed in PP/clay composites with exfoliated dispersion, due to the strong interaction between PP and clay. Compared with exfoliated clay layers, the intercalated clay layers have a less important effect on the crystallization and crystal morphology. No effect is seen for samples with agglomerates and particle-like dispersion, in regard to melting temperature, crystallization temperature, crystal thickness and crystallinity.     

Contributions to the Chemistry of the Binary Compounds of the Transition Elements

Phase and structural relationships of the sulfur, selenium, and tellurium compounds of the 4d and 5d transition elements of groups IV to VII of the periodic system are discussed. Homologous elements behave very similarly with respect to the chalcogens, and this is particularly the case for niobium and tantalum, and for molybdenum and tungsten. However, zirconium, niobium, and molybdenum have a greater tendency towards formation of chalcogen-poor phases than their homologues hafnium, tantalum, and tungsten. Subchalcogenides are known only for zirconium and niobium. The number of phases and the tendency towards formation of solid solutions are considerably smaller among the tellurides than among the sulfides and selenides. The crystal structures of the telluride phases also differ from those of the sulfide and selenide phases of analogous composition. In addition, a review of the phase and structural relationships of the arsenic and antimony compounds of the 4d and 5d transition elements of groups V to VII is given.     

Residue‐centric modeling and design of saccharide and glycoconjugate structures

The RosettaCarbohydrate framework is a new tool for modeling a wide variety of saccharide and glycoconjugate structures. This report describes the development of the framework and highlights its applications. The framework integrates with established protocols within the Rosetta modeling and design suite, and it handles the vast complexity and variety of carbohydrate molecules, including branching and sugar modifications. To address challenges of sampling and scoring, RosettaCarbohydrate can sample glycosidic bonds, side‐chain conformations, and ring forms, and it utilizes a glycan‐specific term within its scoring function. Rosetta can work with standard PDB, GLYCAM, and GlycoWorkbench (.gws ) file formats. Saccharide residue‐specific chemical information is stored internally, permitting glycoengineering and design. Carbohydrate‐specific applications described herein include virtual glycosylation, loop‐modeling of carbohydrates, and docking of glyco‐ligands to antibodies. Benchmarking data are presented and compared to other studies, demonstrating Rosetta's ability to predict glyco‐ligand binding. The framework expands the tools available to glycoscientists and engineers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Semiconductor quantum dots and metal nanoparticles: syntheses,optical properties,and biological applications

We review the syntheses, optical properties, and biological applications of cadmium selenide (CdSe) and cadmium selenide–zinc sulfide (CdSe–ZnS) quantum dots (QDs) and gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs). Specifically, we selected the syntheses of QDs and Au and Ag NPs in aqueous and organic phases, size- and shape-dependent photoluminescence (PL) of QDs and plasmon of metal NPs, and their bioimaging applications. The PL properties of QDs are discussed with reference to their band gap structure and various electronic transitions, relations of PL and photoactivated PL with surface defects, and blinking of single QDs. Optical properties of Ag and Au NPs are discussed with reference to their size- and shape-dependent surface plasmon bands, electron dynamics and relaxation, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The bioimaging applications are discussed with reference to in vitro and in vivo imaging of live cells, and in vivo imaging of cancers, tumor vasculature, and lymph nodes. Other aspects of the review are in vivo deep tissue imaging, multiphoton excitation, NIR fluorescence and SERS imaging, and toxic effects of NPs and their clearance from the body. Figure Semiconductor quantum dots and metal nanoparticles have extensive applications, e.g., in vitro and in vivo bioimaging Tamitake Itoh and Abdulaziz Anas contributed equally to this article.     

Tautomeric and conformational isomerism of natural hydroxyanthraquinones

Natural 1,5-di-, 1,4,5-tri-, and 1,4,5,8-tetrahydroxyanthraquinones and their anions and metal complexes were shown to be equilibrium mixtures of tautomers and conformers using quantum-chemical and correlation analysis of elecronic absorption spectra. Solvent effects, ionization, complexation, and the introduction and substitution of substituents were accompanied by shifts of tautomeric and conformational equilibria that determine the color of the compounds. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 224–229, May–June, 2006.     

Selecting polymers for medical devices based on thermal analytical methods

This biomaterials overview for selecting polymers for medical devices focuses on polymer materials, properties and performance. An improved understanding of thermoplastics and thermoset properties is accomplished by thermal analysis for device applications. The medical applications and requirements as well as the oxidative and mechanical stability of currently used polymers in devices are discussed. The tools used to aid the ranking of the thermoplastics and thermosets are differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), thermal mechanical analysis (TMA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) as well as a number of key ASTM polymer tests. This paper will spotlight the thermal and mechanical characterization of the bio-compatible polymers e.g., olefins, nylon, polyacetals, polyvinyl chloride and polyesters.     

乙烷部分氧化制C2氧化物用Fe－Al－P－O催化剂的研究Ⅰ．超细Fe－Al－P－O催化剂的制备与表征

 用溶胶－凝胶法制备了超细Fe－Al－P－O催化剂，并用DTA－TG，BET，TEM，XRD，TPR和IR等技术研究了催化剂的微观组成和结构及其晶格氧活性，探讨了催化剂的制备工艺，考察了溶胶－凝胶的形成机理、凝胶干燥及焙烧条件对催化剂微观组成和结构的影响规律．结果表明，Fe－Al－P－O催化剂呈非晶态，是具有均匀分布的超细粒子（10nm），其比表面积大（238m2／g），晶格氧活性高．FePO4和AlPO4间隔分布在催化剂表面，形成Lewis碱位（P＝O，P－O－Fe）和Lewis酸位（Fe3＋，Al3＋）．     

Recent progress in MXene and graphene based nanocomposites for microwave absorption and electromagnetic interference shielding

There is widespread use of telecommunication and microwave technology in modern society, and raised the electromagnetic interference (EMI) issue to alarming situation due to apprehensive demand and growth of 5G technology undesirably disturbing the human health. The two dimensional (2D) materials including graphene and MXenes are already been used for variety of electronic devices due to their exceptional electrical, mechanical, optical, chemical, and thermal properties. MXene is composed of metal carbides, in which mainly metals are the building blocks for dielectrics, semiconductors, or semimetals. However, the strong interfaces with electromagnetic waves (EM) are variable from terahertz (THz) to gigahertz (GHz) frequency levels and are widely used in EMI and Microwave absorption (MA) for mobile networks and communication technologies. The use of different organic materials with metal, organic, inorganic fillers, polymers nanocomposite and MXene as a novel material has been studied to address the recent advancement and challenges in the microwave absorption mechanism of 2D materials and their nanocomposites. In this concern, various techniques and materials has been reported for the improvement of shielding effectiveness (SE), and theoretical aspects of EMI shielding performance, as well stability of 2D materials particularly MXene, graphene and its nanocomposites. Consequently, various materials including polymers, conducting polymers, and metal–organic frameworks (MOF) have also been discussed by introducing various strategies for improved MA and control of EMI shieling. Here in this comprehensive review, we summarized the recent developments on material synthesis and fabrication of MXene based nanocomposites for EMI shielding and MA. This research work is a comprehensive review majorly focuses on the fundamentals of EMI/MA.  The recent developments and challenges of the MXene and graphene based various structures with different polymeric composites are described in a broader perspective.     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).