分子烙印聚合物的结构表征及手性拆分中的热力学研究

考察了一系列分子烙印聚合物的热稳定性和孔结构,探讨了孔结构与手性选择性的关系。计算了手性分离过程中的某些热力学参数的变化,发现分子烙印聚合物上的手性分离是一个焓控制的过程,热力学参数的变化同烙印分子的结构有关。     

四种α-取代丙酸酯在环糊精气相色谱固定相上的手性拆分机理

计算了4种α-取代丙酸酯衍生物在β-环糊精衍生物气相色谱固定相上手性分离过程中的热力学参数,对手性拆分机理进行了探讨。实验结果显示随着温度的升高,样品的容量因子、手性选择因子和分离度都在逐渐降低。热力学参数表明,4种α-取代丙酸酯在固定相上的色谱保留及手性识别都为焓驱动过程,氢键力没有在手性识别中起到决定作用,而样品的母体结构和取代基团的性质则对手性识别有较大的影响。样品在固定相上的手性分离效率的驱动力主要来自于其对映异构体与固定相之间作用力的能量差异。     

功能单体对分子烙印手性固定相手性拆分能力的影响

系统考察了功能单体对非共价分子烙印手性固定相手性分离能力的影响,发现在非共价分子烙印手性固定相的制备中,功能单体与烙印分子之间存在着匹配性。丙烯酰胺可以与氨基酸衍生物的酰胺基团形成较强的氢键作用,碱性功能单体2-乙烯基吡啶则与其羧基形成较离子作用,两者的协同作用使复合功能单体丙烯酰胺+2-乙烯基吡啶对于氨基酸衍生物具有良好的烙印效果。竞争溶剂乙酸对样品与分子固定相间的非共价作用力有较大的影响,增加流动相中的竞争溶剂乙酸的含量,将减弱分子手性固定相与样品的酰胺键和羧基的氢键及离子作用,导致对样品的容量因子、手性选择性α及分离度f/g的减小。     

复合碱性功能单体分子烙印手性固定相

采用丙烯酰胺+2-乙烯基吡啶的复合碱性功能单体体系制备了氨基酸衍生物分子烙印高效液相色谱手性固定相。在优化了功能单体与烙印分子的比例条件下对于烙印分子及其结构相似的对映体具有良好的手性分离能力。考察了烙印分子的化学基团对手性分离的影响,发现氢键作用力和较强的离子作用力在手性分离过程中均有贡献。     

同时烙印分子烙印手性固定相

对采用两种对本同时烙印的方法,制备的氨基酸衍生物分子烙印手性固定相进行了考察。研究表明,如果两种烙印分子单独烙印的分子烙印手性对固定相对两种烙印分子具有较强的手性交叉拆分能力,那么这两种烙印分子同时烙印制得的分子烙印手性固定相就可对两种烙印分子均具有很好的手性分离能力,从而使专一性强的分子烙印手性固定相能同时分离多种对映体。     

液相色谱手性拆分机理的热力学方法研究

手性识别是分子识别的一个重要组成部分.液相色谱手性拆分机理研究有助于色谱条件的优化和新型手性固定相的设计,也有助于理解手性识别机制.本文就线性色谱与非线性色谱条件下手性拆分过程对应热力学参数的推求方法进行了评述,阐述了相关热力学参数的涵义及其在色谱保留及手性拆分机理探讨中的应用,并展望了该领域的研究前景.     

联萘系列化合物在甘氨酸型手性固定相上的拆分

探讨了7个联萘化合物在甘氨酸型手性固定相上的拆分,考察了流动相组成、柱温等对保留及手性拆分的影响,结合计算得到的热力学参数对手性识别机理进行了探讨.联萘酚及溴代联萘酚在该固定相上得到了良好的分离,其2个醚类衍生物得到了部分拆分,而3个酯类衍生物完全无法分离.拆分过程为焓驱动,酚羟基对提高二异构体与手性固定相之间的作用差异起关键作用.     

α-苯乙醇对映体在涂敷三苯甲酸纤维素酯手性固定相上的高效液相色谱法分离──洗脱液中醇的影响

 在涂敷质量分数为15％的三苯甲酸纤维素酯手性柱上,考察了洗脱液中乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇体积分数在色谱分离对映体性能方面的影响。初步认为在分离过程中,洗脱液中的醇与固定相的C＝O形成氢键作用,该作用和对映体与固定相的C＝O形成的氢键作用相竞争;洗脱液中醇的结构不同之所以会影响对映体的分离效果,与洗脱液中醇改变固定相中手性空穴的立体环境有关,醇的结构不同,造成固定相中手性空穴的立体环境不同。     

α-苯乙醇对映体在涂敷三苯甲酸纤维素酯手性固定相上的高效液相色谱法分离──洗脱液中醇的影响

在涂敷质量分数为15％的三苯甲酸纤维素酯手性柱上,考察了洗脱液中乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇体积分数在色谱分离对映体性能方面的影响。初步认为在分离过程中,洗脱液中的醇与固定相的C＝O形成氢键作用,该作用和对映体与固定相的C＝O形成的氢键作用相竞争;洗脱液中醇的结构不同之所以会影响对映体的分离效果,与洗脱液中醇改变固定相中手性空穴的立体环境有关,醇的结构不同,造成固定相中手性空穴的立体环境不同。     

液相色谱手性拆分机理的热力学方法研究

手性识别是分子识别的一个重要组成部分。液相色谱手性拆分机理研究有助于色谱条件的优化和新型手性固定相的设计,也有助于理解手性识别机制。本文就线性色谱与非线性色谱条件下手性拆分过程对应热力学参数的推求方法进行了评述,阐述了相关热力学参数的涵义及其在色谱保留及手性拆分机理探讨中的应用,并展望了该领域的研究前景。     

分子印迹手性整体柱的制备及对非对映异构体的分离

 采用原位分子印迹技术 ,单步制备了一种辛可宁印迹的手性整体柱。为了提高柱效和选择性 ,选择了相对低极性的甲苯 /十二醇复合致孔体系。在等度及梯度洗脱条件下 ,非对映异构体辛可宁与辛可尼丁被完全分离。等度洗脱中相对较宽的峰可以在梯度洗脱中得到改善。同时考察了流动相中醋酸浓度、流速以及温度对分离的影响。由于柱中存在大的流通孔 ,大大降低了分离过程中的柱压降 ,从而使这种柱能够在相对高的流速下使用。提高温度可以提高分离因子 ,在 60℃获得最大分离因子 5 40。     

萘普生分子印迹拆分及亲和吸附平衡常数的测定

分子印迹 (Molecular imprinting)是一种新的、很有发展潜力的分离技术 [1～ 3 ] .该技术已成功地用于氨基酸、糖类及其衍生物和药物的手性分离 .萘普生是一种重要的非甾体消炎、解热和镇痛药 ,为了减少给药量和对人体产生的毒副作用 ,必须对其进行手性拆分 . Mosbach等 [4 ] 曾以 4-乙烯基吡啶为功能单体 ,利用分子印迹对外消旋萘普生进行了手性拆分 ,但 4-乙烯基吡啶使用前需经过减压蒸馏 ,使用不便 . Haginaka等 [5～ 7] 也采用 4-乙烯基吡啶为功能单体 ,以 (S) -萘普生为模板制得了均一粒径的分子印迹介质 .尽管分子印迹分离技术发展…     

手性选择剂在色谱分析中的应用

本文综述近年来在光学异构体分离领域中所涉及的主要技术,如高效液相色谱、电色谱、气相色谱及其他色谱法中所使用的常见手性选择性。它们包括环糊精、冠醚、抗菌素、蛋白质、多糖、氨基酸、表面活性剂和分子模板高聚物及其相关的衍生物。     

酮洛芬分子印迹拆分及分离过程热力学研究

利用非共价分子印迹法,采用4-乙烯基吡啶为功能单体,以二甲基丙烯酸乙二 醇酯为交联剂,在模板分子（S）-酮洛芬的存在下,制备出（S）-酮洛芬的分子印 迹聚合物（MIPs）,并用作HPLC固定相,对其进行了高效液相色谱评价。结果表明 外消旋酮洛芬在制备的印迹柱上得到了有效的分离,（S）-酮洛芬的容量因子 k_s'为9.52,选择性因子α为1.52,分离度R为0.88。此外,HPLC分析表明制备的 MIPs能够分离结构相似的酮洛芬、布洛芬和萘普生。研究了流动相中乙酸浓度、流 速及温度对拆分效果的影响,测定了分离过程中的焓变、熵变和自由能变化,对分 子印迹分离过程作了进一步解释。     

Chromatographic Separation of the Enantiomers of a Series of C2-Asymmetric Bi-Naphthyl Compounds by Molecularly Imprinted Polymers

The aim of this study was to observe the chiral separation of a series of C₂-asymmetric bi-naphthyl compounds on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) using 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) as template. MIP prepared using 4-vinylpyridine as the functional monomer showed better chiral recognition for the template than the MIPs prepared using acrylamide, 2-(diethylamino)ethylmethacrylate and 2-vinylpyridine, respectively. ¹H-NMR was used for comparison of the interactions between template and functional monomers. For chromatographic analysis the effects of mobile phase and temperature on the chiral separation were investigated. When 4-vinylpyridine was employed as the functional monomer, chiral separation of 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol and its analogues were studied. The MIP also demonstrated an ability to discriminate between enantiomers of structurally related compounds that had not been imprinted. The thermodynamic parameters of interactions between substrates and MIP in acetonitrile based mobile phase were investigated by the Van’t Hoff equation. In this study, the specific hydrogen-bonding interactions seemed to be the key factor to achieve chiral separation.     

Enantiomeric separation of chiral pesticides by high-performance liquid chromatography on an amylose tris-(S)-1-phenylethylcarbamate chiral stationary phase

Amylose tris-(S)-1-phenylethylcarbamate chiral stationary phase (CSP) was prepared. The direct enantiomeric separation of chiral pesticides on this CSP had been studied by HPLC. The mobile phase was n-hexane-isopropanol at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The effects of isopropanol content and column temperature on retention and enantioselectivity were investigated. Thirty-two samples were tested, of which ten interacted enantioselectively with the CSP. Five samples were completely resolved and another five underwent near-baseline or partial resolution. The enantiomers were identified by a circular dichroism detector. Linear van't Hoff plots were established and the thermodynamic parameters were thus calculated.     

Chiral separation of enantiomers of amino acid derivatives by high-performance liquid chromatography on a norvancomycin-bonded chiral stationary phase

A novel norvancomycin-bonded chiral stationary phase (NVC-CSP) was synthesized by using the chiral selector of norvancomycin. The chiral separation of enantiomers of several dansyl-amino acids by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the reversed-phase mode is described. The effects of some parameters, such as organic modifier concentration, column temperature, pH and flow rate of the mobile phase, on the retention and enantioselectivity were investigated. The study showed that ionic, as well as hydrophobic interactions were engaged between the analyte and macrocycle in this chromatographic system. Increasing pH of buffers usually improved the chiral resolution for dansyl--amino-n-butyric acid (Dns-But), dansyl-methionine (Dns-Met) and dansyl-threonine (Dns-Thr), but not for dansyl-glutamic acid (Dns-Glu) which contains two carboxylic groups in its molecular structure. The natural logarithms of selectivity factors (ln ) of all the investigated compounds depended linearly on the reciprocal of temperature (1/T), most processes of enantioseparation were controlled enthalpically. Interestingly, the process of enantioseparaton for dansyl-threonine was enthalpy-controlled at pH of 3.5, while at pH of 7.0, it was entropy-controlled according to thermodynamic parameters Δ_R,SΔH° and Δ_R,SΔS° afforded by Van’t Hoff plots. In order to get baseline separation for all the solutes researched, norvancomycin was also used as a chiral mobile phase additive. In combination with the NVC-CSP, remarkable increases in enanselectivity were observed for all the compounds, as the result of a “synergistic” effect.     

Scalemic and racemic imprinting with a chiral crosslinker

The development of molecularly imprinted chiral stationary phases has traditionally been limited by the need for a chiral pure template. Paradoxically, availability of a chiral pure template largely defeats the purpose of developing a chiral stationary phase. To solve this paradox, imprinting of scalemic and racemic template mixtures was investigated using both chiral (N-α-bismethacryloyl-l-alanine) and achiral (N,O-bisacrylamide ethanolamine) crosslinkers. Imprinting of scalemic mixtures provided polymers capable of partial separation of Boc-tyrosine enantiomers with virtually the same results when using either the chiral or achiral crosslinker. However, the chiral crosslinker was required for chiral differentiation by the racemic imprinted polymers which were evaluated in both batch rebinding and chromatographic modes. Batch rebinding analysis revealed intersecting binding isotherms for the L- and D-Boc-tyrosine, indicating bias for the D or L enantiomer is concentration dependent. Partial chromatographic separation was achieved by the racemic imprinted polymers providing variable D or L bias in equal probability over multiple replicates of polymer synthesis. Correlation of enantiomer bias with the batch rebinding results and optimization of HPLC parameters are discussed.     

介孔二氧化硅对映选择性吸附的手性印迹调控

使用手性阴离子表面活性剂作为超分子模板, 采用共结构导向法制备手性介孔二氧化硅(CMS), 并运用圆二色谱(CD)对CMS对映选择性吸附结果进行检测, 比较了有无共结构导向剂(CSDA)在介孔表面的排列对吸附选择性的影响. 结果表明, 当使用构型相反的手性超分子模板剂对原合成CMS材料的介孔内表面进行修饰时, 可诱导结构共导向剂N?三甲氧基硅基丙基?N, N, N?三甲基氯化铵(TMAPS)发生手性相反的排列进而导致完全相反的对映选择性吸附. 实验证明此方法合成的CMS的对映选择性吸附及分离能力主要是由修饰在介孔表面的TMAPS螺旋排列形成的手性印迹所导致. 此手性超分子模板诱导TMAPS手性印迹的策略具有一定的普适性, 可对原合成介孔材料对映选择性吸附进行原位调控, 对于拓展其在立体选择性识别、 不对称催化及药物输送等方面的应用具有一定的指导意义.