倒锥形抗反射表面微结构的构筑

利用Langmuir-Blodgett(LB) 技术在单晶硅表面转移岛状硬脂酸单层膜图案, 通过各向异性的湿法刻蚀构筑倒锥形表面微结构. 倒锥形结构的深度及表面抗反射性能主要与刻蚀的时间有关. 这种方法结合了自组装面积大和湿法刻蚀成本低的优点, 是一种廉价、高效的制备大面积抗反射微结构的方法, 在降低光学器件和太阳能电池的成本方面具有潜在应用价值.     

聚苯胺／ZnO复合材料纳米线的制备及界面特性研究

为获得优异性能的纳／微米结构的有机一无机复合功能材料，进而探讨在纳／微米结构的电子器件或其它领域的潜在应用，在纳米线聚苯胺（PANi）悬浮液的存在下，采用水热方法进行了ZnO的生长，并用所制得的ZnO／PANi复合材料构筑了叉指结构的聚合物基柔性化学传感器原型器件。采用透射电镜（TEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光...     

溶胶-凝胶法构筑介孔二氧化硅纳微结构

基于硅酸脂水解/缩合的溶胶-凝胶法是目前制备SiO₂胶体最为常用的化学方法. 在溶胶-凝胶反应过程中, 引入介孔导向剂(通常是表面活性剂)可以得到具有介孔结构的SiO₂胶体. 通过对硅酸脂在多相体系界面水解/缩合过程的调控, 可以构筑具有不同纳微结构的介孔SiO₂材料, 为拓展介孔SiO₂材料的应用领域提供了新机遇, 同时也丰富了对溶胶-凝胶法的理解和认识. 本文综述了利用溶胶-凝胶法构筑介孔SiO₂纳微结构的最新研究进展, 并介绍了其在生物医药、 催化、 吸附分离等领域的应用前景, 最后对这一领域所面临的问题和未来发展方向进行了总结和展望.     

纳/微米二硫化钼的化学制备及其催化加氢脱硫应用

二硫化钼(MoS2)是典型的层状过渡金属硫化物,因其在加氢催化、润滑、光电领域的广泛应用而备受关注。纳/微米材料由于特殊的微观结构而表现出很多优异的性质,因此具有特定形貌和结构的MoS2纳/微米材料的合成及性能研究对层状无机化合物的发展有重要意义。针对近年不断涌现的有关纳/微米MoS2及其在相关领域应用的报道,本文综述了MoS2的化学制备方法,主要介绍了基于热分解法、硫化法、水热/溶剂热法、液相沉淀法及新颖的物理化学联合技术等制备具有不同形貌和性能的纳/微米级MoS2及其复合材料,讨论了反应条件对产物形貌和性能的影响,评述了各种方法的特点。此外,简要介绍了非负载型和负载型MoS2催化剂在油品加氢脱硫方面的应用,并展望了其发展方向和应用前景。     

模板诱导有机发光小分子定位沉积

通过模板诱导有机发光小分子定位沉积的方法构筑了大面积纳微米尺度的荧光图案.模板是以纳米压印技术构筑的聚合物微结构为阻挡层蒸镀金属,经Lift-off后形成的金属微结构.在模板表面,有机发光小分子与金属区域的结合能大于与裸硅片区域的结合能,因此,选择结构合适的模板可诱导有机发光小分子定位沉积.这种快速制备大面积荧光图案的...     

硅基图案化TiO2表面微结构的制备和表征

结合微接触印刷术和TiO₂沉积成膜技术,在单晶硅表面成功地制备了具有微米级图案结构的TiO₂薄膜,并利用XPS,SEM和AFM对其表面性质和结构进行了表征.该硅基图案化TiO₂微结构在光电转化、微机电和光催化等领域中的应用具有重要意义.     

CoV2O6纳米线／微米棒的制备及其在锂离子电池中的应用

采用水热法制备了纳米线／微米棒结构的CoV2O6电极材料,并探讨了纳米线／微米棒的形成机理．通过XRD、BET、SEM、TEM／HRTEM等测试手段对合成产物的结构、形貌、组成、表面性质进行了表征,结果表明,水热条件例如反应温度、反应时间对于产物的结构和形貌起关键作用．在220℃,水热反应1h可以得到直径为60nm的CoV2O6纳米线,而在220℃,水热反应6h可以得到直径10μm的CoV2O6微米棒．研究了CoV2O6纳米线／微米棒作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能,结果显示,与CoV2O6微米棒相比,CoV2O6纳米线具有高的初始放电容量（1235mAh/g）和较好的循环稳定性,CoV2O6纳米线有希望作为锂离子电池的负极材料．     

基于水滴模板法的微纳复合超疏水结构制备的研究

利用粒子辅助水滴模板法的实施获得规则蜂窝状图案化多孔结构模板,并进一步利用聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)复制转移技术获得表面具有微米尺寸蜂窝状突起阵列的反向图案化结构.以这种图案化突起结构作为微米尺寸所提供的微米级粗糙度为基础,设计了2种的简单的二次纳米结构的引入过程,最终实现了微米级阵列和纳米级粗糙度的复合.第一种方法借助银镜反应来实现纳米银结构的化学沉积,最终在PDMS阵列表面获得了致密的纳米银颗粒沉积层,并成功获得了表面接触角达166度的超疏水性质.第二种方法利用了聚电解质/二氧化硅粒子层层静电自组装的方法引入纳米结构,结果在仅仅进行了2个组装循环的条件下即可获得超疏水性质的表面复合结构.通过简单的实验设计试图提供一种基于水滴模板法的微纳复合超疏水结构的普适性制备方法.     

刚-柔嵌段共聚物在有序排列的微米圆盘表面自组装构筑多级结构

在材料表面构筑聚合物多级结构可以显著提升其性能并赋予新的性能,但是目前已有的制备方法较为繁琐,需要开发简单易行的新方法。结合聚苯乙烯(PS)的可控蒸发组装和聚(γ-苄基-L-谷氨酸酯)-聚乙二醇(PBLG-b-PEG)刚-柔嵌段共聚物溶液自组装方法,在硅片表面构建了梯度排列且表面具有纳米条纹的微米圆盘多级结构。采用光学显微镜、原子力显微镜(AFM)和接触角测量仪等对微结构形貌及硅片的表面润湿性进行了表征。PS溶液经可控蒸发自组装在硅片表面形成梯度变化的微米圆点图案,经热处理及溶剂清洗后,得到微米圆盘。通过溶液自组装方法,PBLG-b-PEG在PS微米圆盘表面形成有序排列的周期性纳米条纹。材料的接触角随着图案表面微结构从半球状圆点到表面平整的圆盘再到表面带有纳米条纹的圆盘的变化持续降低。     

波纹状银纳米线的制备及其SERS性能研究

首先通过传统的多元醇方法合成了表面光滑的银纳米线,然后利用Fe（NO₃）₃作为刻蚀剂在室温条件下对合成的银纳米线进行刻蚀得到了具有波纹状表面的银纳米线. 通过扫描电镜（SEM）分析表明：银纳米线的表面粗糙程度随着刻蚀剂量的增加而增加,但过量的刻蚀剂又会导致纳米线的断裂甚至形成球状颗粒;当刻蚀剂的量为100 μL时,获得了波纹状表面的银纳米线. 对结晶紫（CV）的表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）结果表明,这种波纹状银纳米线的拉曼信号强度比表面光滑的银纳米线提高了约5倍,其检测限可低至10^-10 mol/L. 此外,这种优势还可以延伸到敏感性检测10^-9 mol/L的对巯基吡啶（4-Mpy）分子,可以作为一种普适、有效的SERS活性基底.     

Surface patterning using templates: concept, properties and device applications

Surface nano-patterns on substrates are the fundamental structures of various nano-devices. Template-based surface nano-patterning techniques are highly efficient methods in realizing different surface nano-patterns. The time-saving and low-cost fabrication processes of the template-based surface patterning are highly desirable for industry in fabricating different kinds of nano-devices. This tutorial review summarizes the recent advancements in the field of template-based surface nano-patterning, especially focusing on three templates prepared using self-assembly processes: ultra-thin alumina membranes, monolayer polystyrene sphere arrays, and block copolymer patterns. The basic concepts, the general fabrication processes, the structure-related properties, and the device applications of these template-based surface nano-patterning techniques are introduced.     

Contact instability of thin elastic films on patterned substrates

The free surface of a soft elastic film becomes unstable and forms an isotropic labyrinth pattern when a rigid flat plate is brought into adhesive contact with the film. These patterns have a characteristic wavelength, lambda approximately 3H, where H is the film thickness. We show that these random structures can be ordered, modulated, and aligned by depositing the elastic film (cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane) on a patterned substrate and by bringing the free surface of the film in increasing adhesive contact with a flat stamp. Interestingly, the influence of the substrate "bleeds" through the film to its free surface. It becomes possible to generate complex two-dimensional ordered structures such as an array of femtoliter beakers even by using a simple one-dimensional stripe patterned substrate when the instability wavelength, lambda approximately 3H, nearly matches the substrate pattern periodicity. The free surface morphology is modulated in situ by merely varying the stamp-surface separation distance. The free surface structures originating from the elastic contact instability can also be made permanent by the UV-ozone induced oxidation and stiffening.     

Photolithographically Patterned Cell-Repellent PEG-b-PTHPMA Diblock Copolymer for Guided Cell Adhesion and Growth

Surfaces for guided cell adhesion and growth are indispensable in several diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Towards this direction, four diblock copolymers comprising polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly(2-tetrahydropyranyl methacrylate) (PTHPMA) are synthesized employing PEG macroinitiators of different chain lengths. The copolymer with a 5000 Da PEG block and a PEG-PTHPMA comonomers weight ratio of 43–57 provides a film with the highest stability in the culture medium and the strongest cell repellent properties. This copolymer is used to develop a positive photolithographic material and create stripe patterns onto silicon substrates. The highest selectivity regarding smooth muscle cell adhesion and growth and the highest fidelity of adhered cells for up to 3 days in culture is achieved for stripe patterns with widths between 25 and 27.5 µm. Smooth muscle cells cultured on such patterned substrates exhibit a decrease in their proliferation rate and nucleus area and an increase in their major axis length, compared to the cells cultured onto non-patterned substrates. These alterations are indicative of the adoption of a contractile rather than a synthetic phenotype of the smooth muscle cells grown onto the patterned substrates and demonstrate the potential of the novel photolithographic material and patterning method for guided cell adhesion and growth.     

Electric-field-induced patterns in thin polymer films: weakly nonlinear and fully nonlinear evolution

A thin polymer melt on a substrate can be unstable to an electric field normal to the interface, a phenomenon that can be harnessed as a patterning technique with a range of potential applications. Motivated by the variety of patterns observed in experiments for polymers under both unpatterned and patterned masks, we describe here, from theoretical and numerical analyses, how nonlinear effects govern the growth of the instability and determine the final patterns. In particular, we discuss the nonlinear growth in terms of interactions among different Fourier modes and show that the second- and third-order nonlinearities favor the growth of hexagonal patterns under a featureless mask, in agreement with experimental observations. Also, numerical simulations based on the fully nonlinear model validate the prediction of the weakly nonlinear analysis: hexagonal patterns do emerge under an unpatterned mask. Furthermore, in one-dimensional simulations, we demonstrate the energetic evolution of this patterning process and reveal several "kinetically stable structures" along the path to the thermodynamically stable state. Two-dimensional simulations allow us to study the effects of both mask patterns and the initial film thickness. Generally, patterns on the mask guide the growth such that the pattern conforms to the geometric shapes. Interestingly, a small cylindrical protrusion at the center of the mask can produce exactly the same pattern as a large, flat, circular protrusion. The initial film thickness or the thickness ratio of the polymer layer to the air gap plays an important role in determining the final pattern formed. Finally, we demonstrate, by two simple examples, that the simulations can provide insights on "smart" mask designs for producing large areas of well-ordered patterns.     

胶体刻蚀——纳米结构化表面的构筑与应用

综述了近年来胶体刻蚀领域的研究进展, 分别讨论了基于胶体微粒和胶体晶体为模板的可控沉积与可控刻蚀及在固体平面基质、曲面基质和气液界面等不同基质上构筑结构化表面的方法. 同时还探讨了利用胶体刻蚀方法形成的微纳结构在光、电、磁以及表面润湿和生物学等方面的应用.     

Geometry-dependent stripe rearrangement processes induced by strain on preordered microwrinkle patterns

A preordered microwrinkle pattern on a metal-capped surface of a soft elastomer is employed to elucidate the elementary buckling phenomenon during strain-induced stripe rearrangement processes. The preordered one-dimensional stripe tends to align perpendicular to the direction of strain reversibly when lateral compressive strain is applied on the substrate at some angle phi with respect to the stripe orientation. For any value of strain, the film surface can be decomposed in domains containing stripes with two different orientations, namely the original and applied strain orientations. As strain is increased, the domains of the second type of stripes progressively grow and invade the whole surface. Interestingly, the domain shapes during growth are composed of parallelogram units that simply depend on phi and stripe wavelength. Moreover, domain growth proceeds in characteristic directions depending on the shape of the domain unit.     

Nematic liquid crystal in contact with periodically patterned surfaces

Nematic liquid crystals confined between two different substrates, possessing alternating stripe patterns of planar and homeotropic anchoring, are studied within the Frank–Oseen theory, in which the anchoring energy function is given by the Rapini–Papoular expression. By numerical minimization of the free energy we determine phase transitions between uniform and distorted nematic textures. The calculations reveal that these phase transitions can be triggered by changing the shift of the stripe patterns with respect to each other. A hybrid nematic cell model together with an effective anchoring strength can be used to describe the phase behaviour for sample thicknesses larger than the periodicity of the stripe pattern. Rich phase behaviour is predicted for the case of a generalized expression for the surface free energy.     

Nematic liquid crystal in contact with periodically patterned surfaces

Nematic liquid crystals confined between two different substrates, possessing alternating stripe patterns of planar and homeotropic anchoring, are studied within the Frank-Oseen theory, in which the anchoring energy function is given by the Rapini-Papoular expression. By numerical minimization of the free energy we determine phase transitions between uniform and distorted nematic textures. The calculations reveal that these phase transitions can be triggered by changing the shift of the stripe patterns with respect to each other. A hybrid nematic cell model together with an effective anchoring strength can be used to describe the phase behaviour for sample thicknesses larger than the periodicity of the stripe pattern. Rich phase behaviour is predicted for the case of a generalized expression for the surface free energy.     

Fabrication of Thickness‐Controllable Micropatterned Polyelectrolyte‐Film/Nanoparticle Surfaces by Using the Plasma Oxidation Method

We have demonstrated a novel way to form thickness‐controllable polyelectrolyte‐film/nanoparticle patterns by using a plasma etching technique to form, first, a patterned self‐assembled monolayer surface, followed by layer‐by‐layer assembly of polyelectrolyte‐films/nanoparticles. Octadecyltrimethoxysilane (ODS) and (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) were used for polyelectrolyte‐film and nanoparticle patterning, respectively. The resolution of the proposed patterning method can easily reach approximately 2.5 μm. The height of the groove structure was tunable from approximately 2.5 to 150 nm. The suspended lipid membrane across the grooves was fabricated by incubating the patterned polyelectrolyte groove arrays in solutions of 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DOPC) giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). The method demonstrated here reveals a new path to create patterned 2D or 3D structures.