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采用不同碱单独处理和两种碱不同方式联合处理HZSM-5分子筛,制备微孔-介孔多级孔HZSM-5分子筛催化剂并应用于噻吩烷基化反应中。结果表明,不同碱单独处理和两种碱不同方式联合处理HZSM-5分子筛后,均能够在分子筛上造出介孔孔道且能够调变分子筛的酸性,其中,采用Na2CO3溶液和TPAOH溶液分开处理得到的分子筛催化剂织结构最适合噻吩烷基化反应;其次考察具有最佳织结构分子筛催化剂的噻吩烷基化反应稳定性,并分析催化剂失活的原因和再生条件。结果表明,当噻吩烷基化反应进行到1050 h后,催化剂已基本失活,催化剂失活的主要原因是,在反应过程中原料中反应组分间发生烯烃齐聚、环化、脱氢和芳烃烷基化等副反应生成的大分子化合物沉积在催化剂上,堵塞催化剂的孔道和遮盖催化剂的活性中心所致;对失活催化剂进行高温再生,从高温再生的能耗较大以及多次高温再生对催化剂酸性和骨架结构不利的角度考虑,选定催化剂的再生温度为550 ℃。 相似文献
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CH4-CO2-O2反应体系中失活CN-16催化剂的再生 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以CH4-CO2-O2反应为探针,对从天然气水蒸气转化工业装置上卸下的失活CN-16催化剂进行了再生研究。结果表明,当失活CN-16催化剂先经氢气还原,再在不同温度下通入再生剂,然后升温至900℃时,起始再生温度对催化剂的活性影响很小;而当失活CN-16催化剂不经氢气还原,在不同温度下通入再生剂,然后升温至900℃时。随起始再生温度的升高,再生催化剂的活性增大。XRD和分散度测试结果表明,失活催化 相似文献
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甲醇气相氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯的研究Ⅲ. 催化剂的失活再生 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
碳酸二甲酯 (DMC)是一种对环境友好的绿色化学品 ,其洁净合成工艺的开发 ,已引起国内外研究者的广泛重视。真田等人[1 ] 对PdCl2 存在下CO和亚硝酸甲酯反应合成DMC过程所用催化剂的失活原因和再生方法进行了研究 ,认为PdCl2 中的Cl被还原消除生成氯甲酸甲酯导致催化剂失活 ,并发现氯甲酸甲酯在DMC合成中可使Pd催化剂再生和提高寿命。DOW公司[2 ] 开发的气相氧化羰基化法催化剂CuCl2-KCl AC易失活 ,该催化剂运行 50~ 1 0 0h后需进行再生。再生时 ,于 1 2 0℃条件下通入 1 0 %HCl N2 混合物 ,再生后… 相似文献
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一步合成二甲醚催化剂烧结失活和原位再生的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用共沉淀沉积法制备了CuOZnOAl2O3/γ Al2O3 HZSM 5复合催化剂,考察了其对CO加氢直接合成二甲醚的催化性能,研究了催化剂的失活和再生,并用H2-TPR、XRD、TPO、N2O化学吸附等表征方法对反应前后和再生后催化剂的物化性质进行了表征。结果表明,一步合成二甲醚催化剂的失活主要是由于活性位Cu晶粒的烧结长大;反应温度和原料气的组成是影响催化剂失活的因素,在低于220℃下,以N2/H2/CO/CO2为原料气会显著降低催化剂的失活速率。研究使用的氧化还原循环的再生方法能够使Cu晶粒发生再分散,并使失活的催化剂恢复了75%以上的活性。 相似文献
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积碳失活催化剂的再生 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
催化反应常伴随着积碳的生成,而积碳又可以通过覆盖催化剂酸性位点或者堵塞催化剂孔道而引起催化剂失活,表现为产物选择性的降低.根据不同的失活机理可以将催化剂失活分为永久性失活和可逆性失活,而积碳失活一般是可逆的,可以通过再生的方式来除去积碳并恢复催化剂活性.对于工业生产而言,为了保证反应的连续运行,失活催化剂的及时再生是非常必要的.尽管前人已经做了大量的研究,并尝试不同的再生方法来除去催化剂积碳,但发展一种操作简单、高效和经济的再生方法仍然是一个巨大的挑战.目前工业催化剂积碳失活后最常用的再生手段是氧化再生,其主要以空气或氧气为再生气体,将积碳转化为一氧化碳、二氧化碳和水等.但空气或氧气氧化再生为强放热反应,放出的大量热量及生成的水蒸气会对催化剂的组分及结构带来一定的影响.虽然以臭氧和氮氧化物为再生气体可以有效降低再生温度,但是作为有毒有害气体,它们的排放受到严格的限制,这也阻碍了其进一步工业化应用.与氧化再生相比,二氧化碳或水蒸气气化再生可以有效降低再生过程中的放热量,并将无价值的积碳转化为高品质的合成气,同时减少二氧化碳的排放.但由于二氧化碳和水蒸气的氧化性较弱,需要较高的再生温度,对催化剂的水热稳定性提出了更高的要求.此外,在氢气气氛下,可以通过加氢裂解除去积碳,但同样需要较高的再生温度或压力.通过添加金属或金属氧化物等添加剂,可以有效降低再生温度并增加再生速率,但也可能会引起催化剂中毒,造成催化剂的永久性失活,所以需要严格控制添加剂的含量.本文分析了目前常用的几种再生方法的优缺点及面临的挑战,并对未来的研究重点及研究方向进行了展望. 相似文献
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An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions. 相似文献
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Uroš Grošelj Mojca Žorž Amalija Golobič Branko Stanovnik Jurij Svete 《Tetrahedron》2013,69(52):11092-11108
A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives. 相似文献
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The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp3)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp2)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp2)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp3)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp3)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp2)?H insertion. 相似文献
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An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction. 相似文献
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N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%). 相似文献
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The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H4C4B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed. 相似文献
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Xi-Liu YunWen-Ying Bi Jian-Hui HuangYu Liu Daisy Zhang-NegrerieYun-Fei Du Kang Zhao 《Tetrahedron letters》2012,53(38):5076-5080
A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd2(dba)3-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring. 相似文献
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Shashikant U. Dighe Surya K. Samanta Shivalinga Kolle Sanjay Batra 《Tetrahedron》2017,73(17):2455-2467
An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y1 and Y2. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones. 相似文献
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Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles. 相似文献
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In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates. 相似文献