超临界二氧化碳流体萃取法测定玩具中15种致敏芳香化合物

该文以欧盟新玩具指令中限用或禁用的15种致敏芳香化合物为研究目标,研究了超临界二氧化碳萃取压力、温度、夹带剂等条件对萃取效率的影响,建立了超临界流体萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用仪测定玩具中15种致敏芳香化合物的分析方法。最佳萃取条件为:萃取温度50℃,压力300 bar,二氧化碳流速30g/min,夹带剂甲醇含量3%,动态萃取30 min,静态萃取30 min。萃取物经DB-17MS色谱柱分离后,采用质谱仪进行检测,内标法定量。15种化合物在0.02~60μg/mL范围呈良好线性,相关系数为0.993 2~0.999 9,检出限(S/N=10)为0.02~0.09μg/mL。该法检测聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)塑料的回收率分别为79.6%~114.5%、75.0%~118.9%、72.7%~114.9%,相对标准偏差为3.2%~11.0%、0.6%~11.6%、3.5%~11.0%。建立的方法灵敏、环保,可用于玩具中致敏芳香化合物的检测。     

环境水样中百菌清残留的单滴微萃取-反相液相色谱测定

应用单滴微萃取(SDME)-反相液相色谱(RPLC)检测了环境水样中的百菌清残留.优化了单滴微萃取条件:环己烷萃取剂6 μL、单滴体积2 μL、搅拌速率350 r/min、萃取时间40 min、水溶液温度35 ℃、无盐度.水样经单滴微萃取后,使用Hypersil C18柱反相液相色谱分离测定百菌清.反相液相色谱条件:100%甲醇流动相、流速1.0 mL/min、柱温25 ℃、224 nm检测.方法的线性范围、检出限、相对标准偏差和富集倍数分别为1.0 ～50 μg/L、0.02 μg/L、6.1%和427倍.采用该法对环境水样中的百菌清残留进行了测定,环境水样的加标回收率为98% ～106%.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水体和沉积物中12种有机磷酸酯类化合物

建立了高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术结合固相萃取和液液萃取方法检测水体和沉积物中12种磷酸酯类(OPEs)化合物残留的方法.水样样品经HLB固相萃取柱富集,乙酸乙酯洗脱两次,沉积物样品以乙腈超声萃取,旋转蒸发至干,用超纯水稀释后重复水样处理步骤,采用ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm, 3.5 μm)进行分离,以0.2%甲酸-甲醇作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用正离子MRM监测模式,外标法定量分析.水样中,12种OPEs在0.05、0.10和0.50 μg/L加标水平下,除TMP (28.5%~47.8%)和TEHP (22.4%~73.8%) 外,其余目标化合物的平均回收率为66.4%~115.0%,相对标准偏差为0.5%~9.1%,方法定量限(MOQ)为0.001~0.050 μg/L;沉积物中,在5、10和50 μg/kg加标水平下,除TMP(35.7%~44.9%)、TCEP (31.2%~48.9%)外,其余目标化合物的平均回收率为65.9%~120.0%,相对标准偏差为0.01%~9.5%,方法定量限(MOQ)为0.02~2.0 μg/kg(dw).基于上述方法对太湖水样和沉积物样品中目标化合物定量检测分析,∑OPEs含量分别为0.1~1.7 μg/L和8.1~420 μg/kg dw.     

人参中稀有皂苷临界二氧化碳超提取

针对人参稀有皂苷极性较小的特点,选择超临界二氧化碳流体(SFE-CO2)技术进行提取,最佳提取实验条件为:压力35 MPa,温度50 ℃,夹带剂为70%乙醇,夹带剂用量为1.7 mL/g。 利用高效液相色谱 电喷雾质谱联用分析方法分析其萃取产物,证明该提取方法的提取效率与超声提取接近,且该方法具有环境友好的特点。     

分散液液微萃取-气相色谱法快速测定水中15种硝基苯类物质

建立了分散液液微萃取-气相色谱电子捕获检测器测定水中15种硝基苯类物质的方法.筛选出了具有高密度且能够适用于电子捕获检测器的萃取剂.优化了色谱条件,对萃取剂种类及用量、分散剂种类及用量、萃取时间、萃取温度等条件进行了优化.DB-35毛细管柱对15种硝基苯类物质具有最好的分离效果.使用程序升温,初始80℃ 保持2 min,以5℃/min速率升温至180℃,可以在22 min内完成分离.以100μL氯苯作为萃取剂、400μL甲醇作为分散剂,对5.00 mL水样在室温下进行萃取,仅需30 s即可达到萃取平衡,15种目标物的萃取率均可达到90%以上,富集倍数达到45.0~48.8.离心分离,取下层沉积相进行气相色谱测定,使用电子捕获检测器检测,方法的定量限为0.03~0.15μg/L,线性范围为0.20~50.0μg/L,相关系数不低于0.998.方法的相对标准偏差在3.3%~8.9%之间,加标回收率在86.0%~103.5%之间.     

液液萃取-分散液液微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用测定纺织废水中痕量禁用偶氮染料

建立了液液萃取-分散液液微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定纺织废水中痕量偶氮染料的方法。废水中的偶氮染料在碱性条件下经连二亚硫酸钠还原成芳香胺后,先用叔丁基甲醚液液萃取、盐酸反萃进行预浓缩及净化;再以乙腈-氯苯体系进行分散液液微萃取,气相色谱-质谱测定。对前处理条件进行了优化,考察了酸碱度及盐效应对芳香胺萃取效率的影响,结果表明：液液萃取过程中加入30 g NaCl,分散液液微萃取过程中加入1 mL 5 mol/L的NaOH调节体系至碱性才能达到较好的萃取效率。在优化的实验条件下,21种目标物均呈现良好的线性关系,其中13种芳香胺的线性范围为0.05~10 μg/L,7种芳香胺的线性范围为0.05~5 μg/L,2,4-二氨基苯甲醚的线性范围为20~100 μg/L,相关系数为0.996~0.999。20种芳香胺的检出限可达0.05 μg/L,2,4-二氨基苯甲醚检出限为20 μg/L。印染、机织、印花等实际废水加标试验表明,方法的回收率为75.6%~115.1%。该方法富集倍数高,检出限低,适用于纺织废水中痕量禁用偶氮染料的检测。     

人参中稀有皂苷超临界二氧化碳提取

针对人参稀有皂苷极性较小的特点,选择超临界二氧化碳流体(SFE-CO2)技术进行提取,最佳提取实验条件为:压力35MPa,温度50℃,夹带剂为70%乙醇,夹带剂用量为1.7mL/g。利用高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱联用分析方法分析其萃取产物,证明该提取方法的提取效率与超声提取接近,且该方法具有环境友好的特点。     

超声萃取-气相色谱/质谱法同时测定土壤中3种季胺盐化合物

建立了超声萃取-气相色谱/质谱法同时测定土壤中3种典型季胺盐化合物十二烷基三甲基氯化胺(DTAC)、十六烷基三甲基溴化胺(CTAB)、双十二烷基二甲基氯化胺(DDAC)的分析方法。采用电子轰击(EI)-选择离子检测(SIM)进行定量分析,特征离子为m/z 58,212。考察了萃取剂种类、辅助萃取剂直链烷基苯磺酸(LAS)浓度、萃取剂pH值(0.5~7.0)、萃取次数(1,2,3)以及净化柱成分对萃取效率的影响。最佳萃取条件为,以甲醇为萃取剂,以HCl调至pH 3.5,LAS浓度为40μg/L,超声萃取2次,每次10 mL甲醇,20 min,萃取液采用中性氧化铝柱净化。3种目标化合物的线性范围在0.02~2.0 mg/L之间;方法检出限为1.2~4.5μg/kg。以此方法测定南方某矿区尾矿渣及周边水稻土、赤红壤等样品,目标化合物的含量在0.24~0.41 mg/kg之间,不同加标水平(0.2,0.5和1.0 mg/kg)回收率在76%~113%之间,相对标准偏差在1.1%~12.9%之间。     

固相萃取-离子色谱测定大气颗粒物的甲胺类及其氧化产物

建立了测定大气颗粒物中氧化三甲胺、一甲胺、二甲胺和三甲胺的固相萃取离子色谱的分析方法。选取20 mL甲醇-水(1∶3,V/V)混和液,超声提取石英滤膜,重复提取2次。提取结束后,合并3次提取液共60 mL,上样到固相萃取设备。使用Agilent Accu Bond C_(18)为固相萃取柱富集提取液中的一甲胺、二甲胺、三甲胺和氧化三甲胺。采用0.5 mL乙腈洗脱萃取柱上的甲胺类物质。洗脱后,向溶液中加入1.5 mL去离子水定容,离子色谱定量分析。用阳离子色谱柱PRP X-200(250 mm×4.1 mm,10 μm)为分离柱,以3%(V/V)乙腈和5 mmol/L HNO_3为淋洗液,流动相流速1.0 mL/min,柱温箱温度25℃,30 min内4种胺类物质完全分离。方法线性范围为0.45~1000 μg/kg,精密度在2%~4%之间,检出限为0.09~0.14 μg/kg(0.002~0.003 μg/m~3),加标回收率大于90%。将本方法应用于北京市沙尘和霾天气的细颗粒样品分析中,三甲胺和氧化三甲胺的浓度分别为0.01~0.08 μg/m~3和0.02~0.14 μg/m~3。     

单滴微萃取-气相色谱质谱联用法测定纺织品中可分解芳香胺

建立了单滴微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱法测定纺织品中可分解芳香胺的方法。研究了萃取剂种类、萃取剂体积、萃取时间、pH和搅拌速度等条件对单滴微萃取效率的影响。确定最佳萃取条件:在室温条件下,取5 mL样液,调节被萃取液pH8,以2μL氯苯为萃取剂萃取20 min,搅拌速度为200 r/min。在优化的实验条件下,检出限为0.08~0.14 mg/kg,线性范围0.5~50 mg/kg,线性相关系数大于0.996,平均加标回收率为75.3%~96.7%,相对标准偏差为3.6%~8.7%。方法适合纺织品中可分解芳香胺的测定。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.