Pickering乳液模板法制备pH响应型双重防腐蚀功能微胶囊

首先以SiO_2纳米粒子作为Pickering乳化剂稳定含有苯胺、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)和1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯(HDDA)的油相;然后以紫外光引发GMA和HDDA聚合,在油水界面快速形成聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(PGMA)壳层;最后加入过硫酸铵引发苯胺在油水界面的化学氧化聚合形成聚苯胺(PANI)壳层,从而得到PGMA@PANI微胶囊。该微胶囊具有复合壳层结构,PGMA壳层可以稳定乳液滴形貌并提高微胶囊韧性,PANI壳层赋予微胶囊防腐及pH响应释放性能。在PGMA@PANI微胶囊内部负载缓蚀剂2-巯基苯并噻唑(MBT)后形成的MBT-PGMA@PANI微胶囊具备双重防腐蚀功能。电化学阻抗谱测试研究表明将MBTPGMA@PANI微胶囊添加到环氧树脂涂层中可显著提高涂层的防腐蚀性能。     

丙烯酸共聚物囊壁的正十八烷微胶囊的制备和性能表征

以二丙烯酸1,4-丁二醇酯为交联剂, 成功制备了甲基丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸共聚物为壁材, 正十八烷为囊芯的相变材料微胶囊. 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和热重分析仪(TG)分别考察了单体与芯材投料比、单体浓度和交联剂的含量对微胶囊形貌、相变热性能、热稳定性能的影响. 实验结果表明: 随着单体与芯材投料比或单体浓度的增加, 微胶囊表面均变得致密, 壁厚增加; 随着交联剂含量的增加, 微胶囊的表面变得更加致密光滑, 热稳定性显著增强; 随着单体与芯材投料比的增大, 微胶囊热焓值减小, 被包裹的囊芯含量减少.     

界面聚合法制备正二十烷微胶囊化相变储热材料

用界面聚合的方法,以甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)和己二胺(HDA)为反应单体,非离子表面活性剂聚乙二醇壬基苯基醚(OP)为乳化剂,合成了正二十烷为相变材料的聚脲包覆微胶囊. 结果表明,二异氰酸酯和己二胺按质量比为1.5∶ 0.8进行反应. 空心微胶囊的直径约为0.2 μm,含正二十烷微胶囊直径为2~6 μm. 红外光谱分析证明, 囊壁聚脲是由TDI及HDA 2种单体形成. 正二十烷包裹效率为65%~80%. 微胶囊的熔点接近囊芯正二十烷的熔点,而其储热量在壁材固定时随囊芯的量而变. 热重分析结果表明,囊芯正二十烷、含正二十烷的微胶囊以及壁材聚脲,能够耐受的温度分别约为130、165及250 ℃.     

石墨烯/正十八烷微胶囊的制备与及其热性能研究

以石墨烯/正十八烷为芯材,三聚氰胺-尿素-甲醛树脂(MUF)为壁材,苯乙烯马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)为乳化剂,采用乳液聚合法制备相变微胶囊.系统研究了石墨烯对于正十八烷微胶囊性能的影响.采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱分析仪(FTIR)、拉曼光谱仪、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、Hot Disk热常数分析仪、示差扫描量热仪(DSC)和热重分析仪(TGA)对相变微胶囊的外貌形态、晶型结构和热性能进行表征和分析.结果表明,微胶囊呈圆球形且光滑,粒径约为1~30μm.当石墨烯添加量为0.1 g时,微胶囊的形貌无明显变化.当加入过量石墨烯时,微胶囊出现了明显的团聚现象.XRD测试表明,包覆于微胶囊中的石墨烯没有使微胶囊的结晶峰位置发生明显的偏移,这对于微胶囊的实际应用是有利的.微胶囊的相变热焓和包覆率随着石墨烯的加入而不断减小,但芯材的过冷现象得到了明显的改善.石墨烯对于微胶囊传热性能的提升有着显著的效果.当石墨烯的添加量为0.2 g时,微胶囊的导热系数为0.092 W·m-1·K-1,与纯微胶囊相比提高了约51%,这说明石墨烯改善了传统相变微胶囊的传热性能,提升了相变微胶囊的应用性能.     

Pickering乳滴模板法制备超粒子结构有机/无机杂化微球

Pickering乳滴模板法制备有机/无机杂化的核壳微球越来越引起人们的关注,主要因为该方法制备出的微球具有以无机粒子为壳层的超粒子结构(supracolloidal structure),能够赋予微球独特的功能.胶体粒子在乳滴表面自组装形成有序的球面胶体壳,得到稳定Pickering乳液,固定乳滴表面的胶体粒子来制备核壳结构的微球或者以胶体粒子为壳层的微胶囊(colloidosome).本文综述了我们课题组以Pickering乳滴模板法制备超粒子结构有机/无机杂化微胶囊包括实心微球方面的工作.我们选择具有不同性能、种类的胶体粒子以及具有不同性质和功能的核材料,采用Pickering乳滴模板法,对吸附在乳滴表面的胶体粒子用不同的固定方法制备具有不同结构和性能的微球和微胶囊,利用基于多重Pickering乳液的聚合技术制备双纳米复合的超粒子结构多核聚合物微球.     

载细胞海藻酸钠/壳聚糖微胶囊的化学破囊方法研究

以海藻酸钠-壳聚糖-海藻酸钠微胶囊(简称ACA微胶囊)为研究体系,建立了一种生理条件下ACA微胶囊的化学破囊方法,破囊过程充分考虑了对囊内生物物质活性的保持.以微生物细胞PichiapastorisGS115和动物细胞L929为模型,以NaHCO₃和Na₃C₆H5O₇·2H₂O为破囊液基本组分,考察了破囊液对ACA微胶囊的破囊效果及破囊过程对囊内细胞活性的影响.结果表明,破囊操作可在30s内完成,破囊率为100%,微胶囊膜完全溶解,破囊后细胞存活率在85%以上.     

有机/无机复合微胶囊相变材料的近红外光谱分析

通过傅里叶变换近红外(FT-NIR)光谱分析技术, 探索聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-二氧化硅@相变材料(PMMA-SiO₂@PCM)微胶囊相变过程的光谱学特性和相变机理, 分析相变过程微胶囊的微结构变化特性. 结果显示: 微胶囊中, 石蜡的融化过程就是－CH₂对称伸缩振动逐渐增强和非对称伸缩无规则振动共存的振动变化过程. 石蜡相变过程中, 其近红外吸收峰强度的变化仅是壳层材料吸收峰强度变化幅度的一半. 同时, 近红外光谱可以用来辅助分析微胶囊的核壳结构, 实现微胶囊相变过程监测. 近红外光谱在微胶囊相变材料相变过程的应用对相变机理的研究及高效相变材料的选择具有重要的科学意义和应用价值.     

界面聚合法制备正二十烷微胶囊化相变储热材料

采用界面聚合的方法, 以甲苯鄄2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)和乙二胺(EDA)为反应单体, 非离子表面活性剂聚乙二醇壬基苯基醚(OP)为乳化剂, 合成了正二十烷为相变材料的聚脲包覆微胶囊. 结果表明, 二异氰酸酯和乙二胺按质量比1.9:1 进行反应. 以透射电镜和激光粒度分析仪分析微胶囊, 测得空心微胶囊直径约为0.2 μm, 含正二十烷微胶囊约为2-6 μm. 红外光谱分析证明, 壁材料聚脲是由TDI 及EDA 两种单体形成的. 正二十烷的包裹效率约为75%. 微胶囊的熔点接近囊芯二十烷的熔点, 而其储热量在壁材固定时随囊芯的量而变. 热重分析表明, 囊芯正二十烷、含正二十烷的微胶囊以及壁材料聚脲, 能够耐受的温度分别约为130 ℃、170 ℃及270 ℃.     

Pickering乳液模板法制备有机/无机杂化微胶囊

以亲水性的二氧化硅(SiO2)纳米粒子稳定的水包油Pickering乳液为模板,利用聚氧化丙烯二醇和二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯预聚物(PPG-TDI)与二乙烯三胺(DETA)在油水界面的聚合反应制备了聚脲(PU)包裹苯乙酸乙酯(EPA)-异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)有机/无机杂化微胶囊.通过控制不同油水比得到不同粒径大小的微胶囊,粒径分布为20~90μm.热重分析表明EPA-IPDI的装载量达到53 wt%.扫描电子显微镜图片可以看出,微胶囊表面光滑,呈规整球形,厚度均一,约2μm.     

胶束增强型聚电解质微胶囊的制备

采用杂化碳酸钙微球作为模板, 利用LbL技术, 选择聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSS), 烯丙基胺的盐酸盐(PAH)和二烯丙基二甲基胺盐酸盐(PADA)聚电解质, 分别组装了PAH/PSS(弱/强)聚电解质胶囊和PADA/PSS(强/强)聚电解质微胶囊. 除去模板后得到了球形良好、分散均匀的聚电解质微胶囊. 研究结果表明, 利用杂化碳酸钙微球作为聚电解质微胶囊的模板, 得到的微胶囊的囊壁厚而致密, 同时, 由于组装采用的聚电解质的种类不同, 囊壁的微观形貌有较大差异.     

Pickering emulsion polymerization of graphene oxide-stabilized styrene

Polystyrene (PS) particles were prepared via Pickering emulsion polymerization using graphene oxide (GO) as the stabilizer. The results show that pH is an important factor in the stability of Pickering emulsions. The effects of two different phase initiators, the water phase initiator potassium persulfate and the oil phase initiator azobisisobutyronitrile, on the morphology of PS particles in Pickering emulsion polymerization had been investigated in detail. Wrinkled particles were prepared using the water phase initiator, and spherical particles were prepared using the oil phase initiator. In addition, hexadecane was used as the auxiliary stabilizer in the polymerization, which narrowed the diameter distribution of the PS spheres, and the hollow PS spheres were fabricated. The size of the GO particles also influenced the final morphology of the particles. Nano-sized polymer particles were grafted onto the surface of micro-sized GO. Small GO particles were suitable for Pickering emulsion polymerization to prepare the composite particles. The thermogravimetric analysis of the prepared particles confirmed that they were PS/GO composite particles, which could have a wide range of potential applications, such as in catalysts, sensors, environmental remediation, and energy storage.     

Assembly of a Metal–Organic Framework into 3 D Hierarchical Porous Monoliths Using a Pickering High Internal Phase Emulsion Template

3D Hierarchical porous metal–organic framework (MOF) monoliths are prepared by using Pickering high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) template. Pickering HIPEs were stabilized solely by UiO‐66 MOF particles with internal phase up to 90 % of the volume. The effects of internal phase type and volume, as well as MOF particle concentration on the stability of resulting Pickering HIPEs were investigated. Furthermore, by adding small amount of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as binder or polymerization in the continuous aqueous phase, followed by freeze‐drying, two types of MOF‐based 3D hierarchical porous monoliths with ultralow density (as low as 12 mg cm^?3) were successfully prepared. This Pickering HIPE template approach provides a facile and practical way for assembling of MOFs into complex structures.     

Sulfonated graphene oxide: the new and effective material for synthesis of polystyrene-based nanocomposites

The new sulfonated graphene oxide (S-GO) was prepared and firstly used as effective materials for the synthesis of polystyrene/graphene nanocomposites via Pickering emulsion polymerization. The functionalized, chemically modified GO nanosheets were obtained via facile covalent functionalization with a reactive surfactant, sulfanilic acid. It was found that Pickering emulsion could be formed by simple self-assembly method using the S-GO as a stabilizer (just need 1 wt% relative to the oil phase), which could be adsorbed at the oil–water interface to stabilize the emulsion effectively. After the Pickering emulsion polymerization of styrene, the polystyrene/S-GO nanocomposites were prepared successfully. It is noteworthy that the S-GO not only could be used as a highly effective surfactant for styrene monomers but also could be homogeneously dispersed and incorporated into the polymeric matrix.     

Controlled grafting of well-defined epoxide polymers on hydrogen-terminated silicon substrates by surface-initiated ATRP at ambient temperature

Controlled grafting of well-defined epoxide polymer brushes on the hydrogen-terminated Si(100) substrates (Si-H substrates) was carried out via the surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) at room temperature. Thus, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) polymer brushes were prepared by ATRP from the alpha-bromoester functionalized Si-H surface. Kinetic studies revealed a linear increase in GMA polymer (PGMA) film thickness with reaction time, indicating that chain growth from the surface was a controlled "living" process. The graft polymerization proceeded more rapidly in the dimethylformamide/water (DMF/H(2)O) mixed solvent medium than in DMF, leading to much thicker PGMA growth on the silicon surface in the former medium. The chemical composition of the GMA graft-polymerized silicon (Si-g-PGMA) surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The fact that the epoxide functional groups of the grafted PGMA were preserved quantitatively was revealed in the reaction with ethylenediamine. The "living" character of the PGMA chain end was further ascertained by the subsequent growth of a poly(pentafluorostyrene) (PFS) block from the Si-g-PGMA surface, using the PGMA brushes as the macroinitiators.     

Pickering乳液模板法制备Janus粒子

本文以SiO₂粒子稳定的水包油(O/W)型Pickering乳液作为模板, 在乳液连续相进行SI-ATRP, 将聚合物刷接枝到SiO₂粒子外半表面, 破乳得到半修饰的Janus粒子.     

Preparation of novel suspensions of ZnO/living block copolymer latex nanoparticles via pickering emulsion polymerization and their long term stability

In this work, we present the first Pickering emulsion polymerization with a controlled/living character. Pickering emulsion polymerization in the presence of a novel suspension of zinc oxide/poly(sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate) (ZnO/PSS^?) nanocomposite particles was applied to prepare ZnO/living block copolymer latexes. In the emulsion system, 1,1‐diphenylethene (DPE)‐controlled radical polymerization of poly(methyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly(butyl acrylate) (PMMA‐b‐PBA) was proceeded in oil phase. The nanocomposite particles of ZnO/PSS^? with an average diameter of 20 nm and negatively charged zeta potential around ?30 mV were synthesized via hydrothermal method then served as an effective emulsion stabilizer at the oil/water interface. Living polymerization was carried out using DPE‐capped PMMA as the macroinitiator and PMMA‐b‐PBA block copolymer latex was successfully prepared with coverage of ZnO/PSS^? nanoparticles. Narrow size distributions of the droplets as well as latex particles were obtained, and the livingness of block copolymers was comparable to that of emulsions stabilized by conventional surfactants. The controlled/living character in Pickering emulsion polymerization was slightly influenced by the amount of PSS^? immobilized into the ZnO/PSS^? nanoparticles, whereas it was significantly influenced by the weight ratios between ZnO/PSS^? and oil phase. The Pickering latexes showed excellent long term stability against either coalescence or sedimentation over several months. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011     

紫外光引发Pickering乳液聚合制备中空复合微球的研究

用光引发剂2-羟基-4-(2-羟乙氧基)-2-甲基苯丙酮(IHT-PI 659)对纳米SiO₂表面进行接枝使之兼具两亲性及光引发特性|以该功能性纳米SiO₂为稳定剂构筑O/W(水包油)型Pickering乳液|用紫外光引发处于内油相的甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体聚合, 制备出具有中空结构的SiO₂/PMMA复合微球, 采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、热失重分析仪(TGA)、透射电镜(TEM)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合微球进行了表征, 并提出了紫外光引发Pickering乳液聚合制备中空复合微球的机理.     

Fabrication of macroporous foam and microspheres of polystyrene by Pickering emulsion polymerization

Poly(styrene-co-methacrylic acid) (PS-co-MAA) particles were synthesized via surfactant-free emulsion polymerization and then used as particulate emulsifiers for preparation of Pickering emulsions. Our results showed that adjusting the solution pH can tune the wettability of PS-co-MAA particles to stabilize either water-in-oil (W/O) or oil-in-water (O/W) Pickering emulsions. Stable W/O emulsions were obtained with PS-co-MAA particles at low pH values due to their better affinity to the dispersed oil phase. In contrast, increasing the pH value significantly changed the stabilizing behavior of the PS-co-MAA particles, leading to the phase inversion and formation of stable O/W emulsions. We found that the oil/water ratio had a significant influence on pH value of the phase inversion. It decreased with decreasing the oil/water ratio, and no phase inversion occurred when the styrene volume fraction reduced to 10 %. Additionally, macroporous polystyrene (PS) foam and PS microspheres were obtained via polymerization of Pickering high internal phase emulsion (Pickering HIPE) and O/W Pickering emulsion, respectively.     

双亲支链梳形共聚物的合成及其自乳化负载药物性能

通过可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合制备出聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(PGMA),经过叠氮钠与PGMA环氧基团的反应引入叠氮基和羟基,然后依次通过端炔基聚乙二醇(PEG-alk)与叠氮基的点击反应,己内酯(CL)在羟基存在下的开环聚合反应,获得双亲支链梳形共聚物(PGMA-g-PEG/PCL)。利用该梳形共聚物的两亲性,在氯仿-水混合体系中,进行自乳化高效负载阿霉素(DOX),得到负载DOX的纳米粒子。利用核磁共振氢谱、红外光谱和凝胶渗透色谱确认了最终产物及其前体聚合物的结构。利用动态光散射、紫外可见分光光度计和扫描电镜研究该载药粒子在pH为7.0和5.0的水溶液中的释放。结果表明:该纳米粒子平均粒径约为100nm,该粒子能有效释放DOX,在酸性条件下释放速率加快,且伴随PCL的降解。     

Comparison of binding behavior for molecularly imprinted polymers prepared by hierarchical imprinting or Pickering emulsion polymerization

The aim of this study was the evaluation of the binding performances and selectivity of molecularly imprinted beads prepared toward several penicillins (i) by hierarchical bulk polymerization in the pores of template‐grafted silica microbeads (hMIPs) and (ii) by Pickering emulsion polymerization in the presence of template‐decorated silica nanobeads (pMIPs). 6‐Aminopenicillanic acid was chosen as the common fragmental mimic template. Both approaches produced micron‐sized polymeric beads with good recognition properties toward the target ligands whereas the selectivity pattern appeared quite different. The polymer prepared by the Pickering emulsion approach showed binding properties similar to imprinted beads prepared by hierarchical approach. Equilibrium binding constants changed their values from 0.1–0.2 × 10⁶ (hMIPs) to 0.2–0.6 × 10⁶ M^?1 (pMIPs), while the binding site densities changed from 3.7–4.8 (hMIPs) to 0.3–0.55 μmol/g (pMIPs). Compared to the hierarchical polymerization, Pickering emulsion polymerization represents a more practical approach when a template mimic needs to be used.