4-氨基-1,8-萘二酰亚胺的结构及光谱性质的理论研究

采用HF和密度泛函理论中的B3LYP和PBE0方法,在7个不同的基组下优化得到了4-氨基-1,8-萘二酰亚胺(ANI)的基态几何构型,用CIS/6-31+G(d)方法得到第一激发态几何构型,频率分析无虚频.在此基础上运用HF-CIS,TD-B3LYP和TD-PBE0方法研究了在气相及DMSO,DMF,MeCN,THF,CHCl3和EtOH溶剂中ANI的前线轨道及电子光谱.结果表明,HOMO→LUMO的跃迁是π→π*跃迁.随溶剂极性的增加,其最大吸收和荧光波长红移.用TD-B3LYP/6-31+G(d)方法得到的溶剂中ANI的吸收光谱计算值与实验值吻合性较好,但荧光光谱计算值与实验值有较大差异.进一步经线性拟合校正,ANI在非质子溶剂中的计算值与实验值能较好地吻合.计算显示激发态ANI具有较大的偶极矩,与解释相关荧光分子探针的光诱导电子转移方向选择性现象的光生电场理论一致.     

苯、萘、蒽及其衍生物的荧光光谱及激发态性能的计算研究

根据Franck-Condon原理,用PPP-SC(β,γ)-CI方法在IBM-PC微机上,对苯、萘、蒽的衍生物的荧光性质以及基态和第一激发单重态在键级、偶极矩、π电子总能量上的差异进行了研究。发现最大荧光波数V~(F.L.)与荧光辐射能△F~(V.L.)、荧光量子产率φ与基态、第一激发单重态间的π电子能量差(E_g~π—E_e~π)存在着以下的关系:上述F.L.表示荧光,g表示基态,e表示激发态。由此得出的理论计算值与实验值有着良好的一致性。     

溶剂化变色法测定有机分子β的若干问题

溶剂化变色法是测定有机分子超极化率．的一种半定量方法,已为许多实验室采用并取得了较好的结果．它的理论依据是描述有机分子产值的双能级模型【小式中：P。、11。分别为分子的基态和激发态偶极矩,。e。和11e。则分别为基态和激发态的跃迁频率和跃迁偶极矩．这包括三个方面     

3-吡咯烷基苯并蒽酮的电子结构和光谱性质

苯并蒽酮衍生物在新型荧光材料、非线性光学材料和液晶显示材料等领域有较大的应用前景.本文采用量子化学方法优化了3-吡咯烷基苯并蒽酮的基态几何结构和第一单重激发态的几何结构,并与X射线晶体衍射实验值进行了对比.利用含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)的不同泛函,计算了3-吡咯烷基苯并蒽酮在气相和溶剂中的吸收和发射光谱,考察了它的电子结构和光谱特征,并分析了不同泛函、基组以及溶剂效应对吸收和发射光谱的影响.计算结果表明:3-吡咯烷基苯并蒽酮的最强吸收和发射光谱都是具有π→π*跃迁特征的电荷转移(CT)态;泛函B3LYP能较好地重现实验吸收能;而对于具有分子内电荷转移特征的激发态,泛函MPWK能较好地重现实验发射能.溶剂效应的计算表明,不同极性的溶剂对3-吡咯烷基苯并蒽酮的吸收光谱和发射光谱的影响较小.理论预测的光谱与实验结果一致.     

四苯基卟啉镍的电子结构及光谱研究

本文用INDO/CI方法计算了中位取代四苯基镍卟啉的电子结构与光谱。分子轨道能级表明平面型和垂直型的基态最高占有π轨道(a_(1w)和a_(2w))与次高占有轨道间有较大的能隙。计算的低激发态跃迁光谱表明,最低能量跃迁Q带和B带计算值与实验值符合较好,但N带与L带计算值偏高。算出的最低(nπ~*)跃迁出现在37000 cm~(-1)左右。     

O(3P)原子与CS2反应可见化学发光研究

在交叉分子束装置上研究了基态氧原子O(3P)与二硫化碳反应的可见光区(380～500 nm)化学发光，得到的光谱标识为SO2分子 3B1→ 1A1自旋禁阻跃迁发射谱，实验中得到的上态主要是振动基态和弯曲模ν2激发的振动激发态，通过对不同压力情况下光谱的分析和反应通道的讨论，确认 3B1态的SO2来自于反应的多级过程.     

溶剂极性对D-A-D型延迟荧光分子电荷转移激发态的调控

■二唑基四极分子(2,5-bis(4-(10H-phenoxazin-10-yl)phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole,2PXZ-OXD)具有典型的电子给体(donor)-受体(acceptor)-给体(donor)(D-A-D)的结构特点,表现出优良的延迟荧光特性.我们利用稳态、瞬态光谱方法研究了该分子在不同极性溶剂中的光物理特性,发现随着溶剂极性的增加,Stokes位移明显增加,证明了光激发下2PXZ-OXD分子产生了强偶极性的电荷转移态.进一步的量化计算结果发现,单重激发态的偶极矩显著大于三重激发态的偶极矩,溶剂极性对单重激发态的影响更大.溶剂极性的增加,打破了四极分子的对称性,促进了单重态能级的下降,从而调控单-三重态间能级差,导致延迟荧光特性的改变.溶剂极性在对单重态与三重态的能级差调控的同时,也会对2PXZ-OXD分子的发射振子强度有影响,强极性造成的显著非辐射弛豫过程会明显降低发光性能.     

理论研究BrCl~ 低激发电子态势能曲线和光谱性质

应用量子化学中高等级的多参考组态相互作用方法计算了环境科学中重要的分子离子BrCl 的基态和低激发态的势能曲线与光谱常数,详细分析了旋轨耦合作用对电子结构和光谱性质的影响,确认了基态X2Π和低激发电子态的多组态特征,得到了基态X2Π的旋轨耦合分裂能1814cm-1,与实验值2070cm-1接近.预测了2Π(Ⅱ)态的旋轨耦合分裂能为766cm-1.估算了3/2(Ⅲ)-X3/2和1/2(Ⅲ)-1/2(Ⅰ)跃迁的偶极跃迁矩和Frank-Condon因子,讨论了它们的跃迁辐射寿命.     

二氧化钛分子电致发光激发特性研究

采用密度泛函B3P86方法优化得到了沿分子平面不同外电场作用下TiO₂分子的基态稳定构型, 在优化构型下利用杂化CIS (CI-Singles)-B3P86方法在6-311＋G*基组水平上, 研究了不同外电场下TiO₂分子前六个激发态的激发能和跃迁波长等激发特性. 研究结果表明, TiO₂分子多个激发态满足偶极跃迁定则, 跃迁光谱对应多个峰值, 在分子水平上, 可以增大利用太阳光的比例. 在外电场作用下, 能隙随电场的增大而减小, 电子易从最高占据轨道跃迁到最低空轨道形成空穴, 各个激发态跃迁波长均有随电场增大发生红移的趋势, 最长589 nm, 因而利用外电场可以控制材料的发光光谱范围在可见光区域扩展.     

DCM衍生物双光子吸收截面的溶剂效应

考察了以三苯胺基为给电子基团的4种不同DCM衍生物在有机溶剂中的单光子光物理性质(基态和激发态永久偶极矩差、光学跃迁偶极矩以及跃迁能量等), 并利用双光子诱导荧光法考察了溶剂对其双光子吸收截面(δtpa)的影响. 研究结果表明, DCM衍生物的光学跃迁具有显著的分子内电荷转移特性, 不同末端取代基主要影响其稳态光谱性质, 而分支结构数目主要影响其双光子吸收截面. 研究结果还发现, 双光子吸收截面随分子结构的变化趋势符合双能级模型, 拉电子基团为丙二腈和1,3-茚二酮的DCM衍生物的δtpa随溶剂介电常数的增加呈现不同的变化趋势.     

基于约束非平衡溶剂化理论的对硝基苯胺π→π^＊光谱移动

采用根据连续介质理论和热力学约束平衡态方法得到的非平衡态溶剂化理论,在单球孔穴点偶极模型近似下推导得出了吸收光谱移动的解析公式．用含时密度泛函方法,在B3LYP／cc-pVDZ水平下研究了对硝基苯胺在水溶液中最低的π→π^＊跃迁的吸收光谱,利用新的溶剂化光谱移动公式,得到了与实验值-0．98eV符合很好的光谱移动值一0．99eV．     

β-1,3,5,7-四硝基-1,3,5,7-四氮杂环辛烷热膨胀各向异性的量子化学计算与分子动力学模拟

在303～383 K和NPT系综和COMPASS力场下对β-1,3,5,7-四硝基-1,3,5,7-四氮杂环辛烷（HMX）超晶胞初始结构的分子动力学模拟,得到常压下各温度的晶体平衡构型并发现分子的堆积方式不变;通过线性拟合求算出线膨胀系数与实验值相近,体现出明显的各向异性. 采用密度泛函理论方法对沿各晶轴方向膨胀率变化（100%～105%）的HMX单胞模型进行了总能计算,得到的能量变化率体现各向异性并与热膨胀系数值关联,建立了关联方程. 由此阐释了HMX晶体热膨胀各向异性的本质即特定的分子堆积模式.     

含时密度泛函理论研究低带隙的中性和带电的交替共聚芴的光学特性

用含时的密度泛函（TD—DFT）方法研究了低带隙的中性和带电的交替共聚芴Green 1）,该化合物是由烷染取代芴和（1,2,5-噻吩基-3,4-硫重氮基）喹喔啉噻吩（T—TDQ—T）单元交替重复组成,对他们的激发态特性用二维（2D）和三维（3D）实空间分析方法做了进一步分析．对于中性的Green 1,分别得到其带隙、键能、激子结合能和核驰豫能．用3D跃迁密度方法对中性和带电的Green 1的跃迁偶极矩进行比较可显示出跃迁偶极矩的取向和强度;用3D电荷差异密度方法显示出激发后的中性和带电的Green 1电荷重新分布和比较,用2D实空间分析方法（跃迁密度矩阵）来研究中性和带电的Green 1处于激发态时的电子空穴相干性．中性Green 1的激发态特性分别用TD—DFT和ZINDO两种方法进行了计算,比较得出电子-电子相互作用（在TD—DFT中）对激发态性质的重要影响．     

Spectral tuning in visual pigments: an ONIOM(QM:MM) study on bovine rhodopsin and its mutants

We have investigated geometries and excitation energies of bovine rhodopsin and some of its mutants by hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) calculations in ONIOM scheme, employing B3LYP and BLYP density functionals as well as DFTB method for the QM part and AMBER force field for the MM part. QM/MM geometries of the protonated Schiff-base 11- cis-retinal with B3LYP and DFTB are very similar to each other. TD-B3LYP/MM excitation energy calculations reproduce the experimental absorption maximum of 500 nm in the presence of native rhodopsin environment and predict spectral shifts due to mutations within 10 nm, whereas TD-BLYP/MM excitation energies have red-shift error of at least 50 nm. In the wild-type rhodopsin, Glu113 shifts the first excitation energy to blue and accounts for most of the shift found. Other amino acids individually contribute to the first excitation energy but their net effect is small. The electronic polarization effect is essential for reproducing experimental bond length alternation along the polyene chain in protonated Schiff-base retinal, which correlates with the computed first excitation energy. It also corrects the excitation energies and spectral shifts in mutants, more effectively for deprotonated Schiff-base retinal than for the protonated form. The protonation state and conformation of mutated residues affect electronic spectrum significantly. The present QM/MM calculations estimate not only the experimental excitation energies but also the source of spectral shifts in mutants.     

离子对液态水缔合构造影响的能量表征

利用差示扫描量热法（DSC）,从能量变化的角度研究了在0-1.0 mol·L^-1浓度范围内,KCl、MgCl₂与CaCl₂对液态水缔合构造的影响,并与¹⁷O-NMR化学位移δ(¹⁷OH₂)的分析结果进行比较.随KCl、MgCl₂与CaCl₂浓度的升高,液态水的δ(¹⁷OH₂)呈线性增加,而表观活化能（-E’/R）呈线性减小.并且δ(¹⁷OH₂)与-E’IR对盐类浓度的变化率的大小满足如下顺序:KCl22.基于二态模型,可以证明伴随盐类浓度的改变,液态水化学位移的变化量△δ与其摩尔内能的变化量△E满足线性关系.以上结果表明,KCl、MgCl₂与CaCl₂对水分子的构造化具有促进作用,在对水分子缔合构造的表征上,液态水的内能变化与¹⁷O-NMR化学位移具有等效性.     

Synthesis and characterization of an acrylate polymer containing chlorine-1,3-dioxalane groups in side chains

Poly[2-（4-chlorophenyl）-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methyl acrylate,poly（CPhDMA）,was synthesized with radical polymerization process using 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile as radical initiator in 1,4-dioxane at 60℃.The structure of poly（CPhDMA） was confirmed by means of UV-Vis,FT-IR,¹H-NMR,and ¹³C-NMR spectral techniques.The molecular weight distribution values of the polymer were determined with gel permeation chromatography（GPC）.The number-average molecular weight（M_n）,weight-average molecular weight（M_W） and polydispersity index（PDI） values of poly（CPhDMA） were determined to be 10300,21600 and 2.097,respectively.The thermal degradation kinetics of the polymer was investigated by using TG/DTG-DTA and DSC analyses at different heating rates in dynamic nitrogen atmosphere.The apparent activation energy values obtained by Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Friedman methods were found to be 91.68 and 85.23 kJ mol^-1,respectively,for thermal decomposition of poly（CPhDMA）.Also,the thermal degradation activation energy value of poly（CPhDMA） was calculated by using the Kissinger method based on the DTG,DTA and DSC data.Then the mechanism function of it was determined by master plots method.Finally,electrical and optical properties of poly（CPhDMA） were determined by four-point probe and UV-Vis techniques,respectively.     

5-Br-PADAP-Triton X-100分光光度法连续测定血清中铜和铁

建立了一种快速、灵敏、连续测定血清中铜和铁含量的分光光度法。铜、铁与5-Br-PADAP及TritonX-100在pH 4.0缓冲溶液中生成红色配合物,测定吸光度（A1）,加入掩蔽剂后再测定吸光度（A2）,A2值与铁离子浓度成正比,吸光度下降值（△A = A2-A1）与铜离子浓度正比。铜、铁配合物表观摩尔吸收系数分别为6.44×104、6.53×104 L*mol-1*cm -1,铜、铁含量分别在0～80、0～70 μmo1*L-1 范围内性线良好,变异系数分别为2.7%、2.2%,平均回收率为100.8%、100.7%; 铜、铁含量测定分别与双环己酮草酰二腙法、亚铁嗪法相比较,无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。     

Coupled cluster calculation of the n --> pi* electronic transition of acetone in aqueous solution

The combined linear response coupled cluster/molecular mechanics (CC/MM) scheme including mutual polarization effects in the coupling Hamiltonian is applied together with supermolecular CC methods to the study of the gas-to-aqueous solution blue shift of the n --> pi* excitation energy in acetone. The aug-cc-pVDZ basis set is found to be adequate for the calculation of this excitation energy. In the condensed phase, the shift in the excitation energy is obtained by statistical averaging over 800 solute-solvent configurations extracted from a molecular dynamics simulation. We find the shift to be around 1100-1200 cm(-1) depending on the specific model used to describe solvent polarization. The importance of including explicit polarization in both the molecular dynamics simulation as well as the CC/MM calculations is emphasized. Furthermore, the significant dependence of the excitation energy on the CO bond length of acetone is discussed.     

Quantum dynamics study of H+NH3-->H2+NH2 reaction

We report in this paper a quantum dynamics study for the reaction H+NH3-->NH2+H2 on the potential energy surface of Corchado and Espinosa-Garcia [J. Chem. Phys. 106, 4013 (1997)]. The quantum dynamics calculation employs the semirigid vibrating rotor target model [J. Z. H. Zhang, J. Chem. Phys. 111, 3929 (1999)] and time-dependent wave packet method to propagate the wave function. Initial state-specific reaction probabilities are obtained, and an energy correction scheme is employed to account for zero point energy changes for the neglected degrees of freedom in the dynamics treatment. Tunneling effect is observed in the energy dependency of reaction probability, similar to those found in H+CH4 reaction. The influence of rovibrational excitation on reaction probability and stereodynamical effect are investigated. Reaction rate constants from the initial ground state are calculated and are compared to those from the transition state theory and experimental measurement.     

Length dependence of excitation energies in linear polyenes: Localized and delocalized descriptions

The length dependence of the lowest allowed transition energy of linear polyenes is studied using delocalized SCF and localized excitonic approaches. Within the PPP SCF approximations the calculated transition energies converge to a finite values as N^?1 as the number of double bonds (N) becomes large, when the excited state contains all singly excited configurations. On the other hand, the fully localized excitonic method at the level of single excitations, although it predicts a gap in the excitation spectrum of an infinite polyene, gives results which converge to this value as N^?2. The inclusion of double and triple excitations into the excitonic method by means of perturbation theory does not appear to change this behavior. The reasons for the discrepancy between the two approaches is analyzed. Experimentally, the transition energies in solution converge to a finite value as N^?1 to a good degree of approximation. If it is assumed that the solvent shift is constant for long polyenes, the available experimental results favour the delocalized approach as the starting point in describing the length dependence of the excitation energy of long polyenes.