两种氮杂环丁烷类药物中间体的合成

1-二苯甲基-3-羟基氮杂环丁烷(1)经过对甲苯磺酰氯取代、叠氮化及还原反应合成了药物中间体--1-二苯甲基-3-氨基氮杂环丁烷(4);1经过氧化、氰基化与还原反应合成了1-二苯甲基-3-羟基-3-氨甲基氮杂环丁烷(8).4和8的结构经1H NMR表征.     

新型3-氨基氮杂环丁烷衍生物的合成

以3-羟基氮杂环丁烷盐酸盐为原料,与4-氟苯乙酮反应制得1-（4-乙酰苯基）-3-羟基氮杂环丁烷（1）; 1经甲磺酰化反应、取代反应、还原反应及酰化反应,合成了6个新型的3-氨基氮杂环丁烷衍生物,其结构经¹H NMR和¹³C NMR表征。     

3,3-二硝基氮杂环丁烷和1,1''''-亚甲基-双(3,3-二硝基-1-氮杂环丁烷)的合成研究

3,3-二硝基氮杂环丁烷(DNAZ)的含能盐及衍生物是一类重要的高能量密度材料,因此DNAZ的合成和应用受到了密切关注.采用新的合成方法,以1-叔丁基-3,3-二硝基氮杂环丁烷为起始原料,以76.3%的总收率得到了DNAZ,然后以DNAZ为原料,与多聚甲醛反应,得到了1,1'-亚甲基-双(3,3-二硝基-1-氮杂环丁烷)(DNAZ-CH2-DNAZ).用红外和核磁共振光谱等对各化合物的结构进行了表征.     

3，3-二硝基氮杂环丁烷和1，1′-亚甲基-双（3，3-二硝基-1-氮杂环丁烷）的合成研究

3，3-二硝基氮杂环丁烷(DNAZ)的含能盐及衍生物是一类重要的高能量密度材料，因此DNAZ的合成和应用受到了密切关注．采用新的合成方法，以1-叔丁基-3，3-二硝基氮杂环丁烷为起始原料，以76．3％的总收率得到了DNAZ，然后以DNAZ为原料，与多聚甲醛反应，得到了1，1′-亚甲基-双(3，3-二硝基-1-氮杂环丁烷)(DNAZ-CH2-DNAZ)．用红外和核磁共振光谱等对各化合物的结构进行了表征．     

氮杂环丁烷衍生物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性

以3-羟基氮杂环丁烷盐酸盐为原料,经取代、官能团转化制得3-氨基氮杂环丁烷化合物（3）; 3经衍生化合成了10个3-氨基氮杂环丁烷衍生物(4a~4j),其中4f~4j为新化合物,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和HR-MS（ESI-TOF)表征。采用MTT法初步测试了化合物的体外抗肿瘤活性。结果表明：4h对A549表现出较强的细胞毒活性（IC₅₀=8.06 μmol·L^-1）。     

阳离子光固化活性单体氧杂环丁烷的合成及表征

以3-乙基-3-羟甲基氧杂环丁烷为原料，与甲基磺酰氯磺酰化，得到3-乙基-3-甲磺酰基甲基氧杂环丁烷；在碱性条件下，以PEG600作相转移催化剂，用3-乙基-3-甲磺酰基甲基氧杂环丁烷与乙二醇醚化得到2-[（3-乙基-3-氧杂环丁基）甲氧基]乙醇；然后与甲基丙烯酸甲酯进行酯交换得到目的产物2-[（3-乙基-3-氧杂环丁烷）甲氧基]甲基丙烯酸乙酯。3-乙基-3-羟甲基氧杂环丁烷与3-溴丙烯反应，生成3-乙基-3-[（2-丙烯-1-基氧基）甲基]氧杂环丁烷，然后在氯铂酸的催化下，与三乙氧基硅烷反应得到3-乙基-3-[[3-（三乙氧基硅）丙氧基]甲基]氧杂环丁烷。产物经红外光谱和核磁共振谱表征得到确证。     

可光固化单体2,7-二溴-9,9-双[4’-(3″-乙基-3″-氧杂环丁烷甲氧基己基氧基)苯基]芴的合成

以芴为原料,经溴代和氧化反应制得2,7-二溴芴酮(3);3与苯酚反应合成2,7-二溴-9,9-双(4’-羟基苯基)芴(4);4与3-(6’-溴己氧基甲基)-3-乙基氧杂环丁烷经醚化反应合成了可光固化单体2,7-二溴-9,9-双[4’-(3″-乙基-3″-氧杂环丁烷甲氧基己基氧基)苯基]芴,总收率67%,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和元素分析表征。     

氮杂环丁烷的合成

氮杂环丁烷类化合物是一类重要的饱和四元含氮杂环化合物,不仅是有机合成中的重要原料、中间体及手性助剂或催化剂,也是氨基酸、生物碱及其天然和合成生物活性或药物活性化合物等分子结构中的重要活性单元。因此,发展氮杂环丁烷结构的合成方法非常重要。本文综述了氮杂环丁烷类化合物合成的发展,着重综述了近十年来该类化合物合成方法的进展,主要包括形成C-N键成环、形成C-C键成环、胺催化的亚胺和丙二烯甲酸酯环加成、亚胺和烯烃的光环加成、缩环扩环重排和氮杂环丁-2-酮（β-内酰胺）还原等方法构建氮杂环丁烷结构的新成果。     

手性氮杂环丁烷的合成及其在不对称催化反应中的应用

综述了手性氮杂环丁烷衍生物的合成方法以及它们在不对称硼氢化反应、二乙基锌对醛的加成反应、Henry反应、Diels-Alder反应和环丙烷化反应中的应用研究进展.     

3-(2-氰基乙氧基)甲基-和3-[甲氧基(三乙氧基)]甲基-3′-甲基氧杂环丁烷的合成及其共聚体研究

以三羟甲基乙烷为原料,通过脱水反应首先制得3-羟甲基-3′-甲基氧杂环丁烷(HMO).HMO再分别与丙烯腈和二缩三乙二醇单甲醚反应得到两个取代氧杂环丁烷单体3-(2-氰基乙氧基)甲基-和3-[甲氧基(三乙氧基)]甲基-3′-甲基氧杂环丁烷(HMOAN和HMOPEO).再用阳离子开环聚合方法,以BF3.乙醚作催化剂,丁二醇为引发剂,将两类单体共聚即可得到一系列不同组成的共聚物(PAP).利用1H NMR谱图计算了该共聚物中两种不同结构单元的比,结果表明,其与投料比基本吻合.GPC测得该共聚物的数均分子量范围为2 756~5 342,分子量分布为1.26~1.83.DSC测试结果发现,除在225~246 K之间有一个玻璃化转变温度之外,在305~348 K之间还存在一个热转变温度.TGA测得共聚物的分解温度为573 K,远高于目前广泛使用的液体电解质.电导率测试结果表明,AN20的室温电导率可达到1.07×10-5S/cm,353 K时电导率可达到2.79×10-4S/cm,接近实用要求.     

3-位环庚烷(酰)基取代的焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯的合成

以焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯(MPP-a)为起始原料, 在对其E-环羰基进行保护的前提下, 经焦脱镁叶绿酸-d甲酯与环庚基溴化镁进行Grignard反应; 所生成新的卟吩仲醇再经脱保护、脱水和氧化等诸多反应, 将3-位仲羟基转化成碳碳双键和羰基, 其碳氧双键再行Grignard反应并脱水成烯, 完成一系列未见报道的3-位环庚基取代的焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯衍生物的合成. 其化学结构均经UV, IR, ¹H NMR及元素分析予以证实.     

A concise and practical synthesis of oseltamivir phosphate(Tamiflu) from d-mannose

A short and practical synthesis of oseltamivir phosphate was accomplished in 11 steps from inexpensive and abundant starting material, d-mannose. This synthetic route featured an intramolecular Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction as the key step to furnish the cyclohexene ring product. The hydroxyl group was converted stereo specifically into an amino group by oxidation to the ketone and reductive amination whereas the second amino group was introduced by azide substitution of a hydroxyl group. This synthesis provided an economical and practical alternative for the synthesis of Tamiflu.     

Total synthesis of laulimalide: synthesis of the northern and southern fragments

The first stage in the development of a synthetic route for the total synthesis of laulimalide (1) is described. Our retrosynthetic analysis envisioned a novel macrocyclization route to the natural product by using a Ru-catalyzed alkene-alkyne coupling. This would be preceded by an esterification of the C19 hydroxyl group, joining together two equally sized synthons, the northern fragment 7 and the southern fragment 8. Our first generation approach to the northern fragment entailed a key sequential Ru/Pd coupling sequence to assemble the dihydropyran. The key reactions proceeded smoothly, but the inability to achieve a key olefin migration led to the development of an alternative route based on an asymmetric dinuclear Zn-catalyzed aldol reaction of a hydroxyl acylpyrrole. This key reaction led to the desired diol adduct 66 with excellent syn/anti selectivity (10:1), and allowed for the successful completion of the northern fragment 7. The key step for the synthesis of the southern fragment was a chemoselective Rh-catalyzed cycloisomerization reaction to form the dihydropyran ring from a diyne precursor. This reaction proved to be selective for the formation of a six-membered ring, over a seven. The use of an electron-deficient bidentate phosphine allowed for the reaction to proceed with a reduced catalyst loading.     

Total synthesis of (+/-)-stemodinone via an efficient ring-exchange strategy

A total synthesis of (+/-)-stemodinone, a tetracyclic stemodane diterpene, from the known tricyclic methyl olefin 11 is described. The key steps involve an efficient ring-exchange reaction and palladium(0)-catalyzed lactone migration. The ring-exchange strategy for controlling the stereochemistry was based on an initial Diels-Alder reaction to form a new ring followed by cleavage of the original ring. Cleavage of the original ring of the Diels-Alder adduct 9 was achieved by an initial regio- and chemoselective Baeyer-Villiger oxidation followed by the Pd(0)-catalyzed lactone-migration reaction reported by us.     

A diversity-oriented synthetic approach to bengamides

A new approach to the bengamides, a new class of antitumor natural products of marine origin, is reported from epoxyamides, prepared by reaction of aldehydes with sulfur ylides. The synthetic strategy has been designed for the delivery of a wide array of analogues. Thus, the terminal alkyl substituent is introduced by a cross olefin metathesis from the corresponding terminal olefin. The combination of cross olefin metathesis, introduction of different nucleophiles by the oxirane ring opening and the introduction of different amines via amide bond formation, can produce a wide array of bengamides analogues.     

Total synthesis of (+)-allocyathin B2

The first enantioselective synthesis of (+)-allocyathin was achieved. The synthesis features a Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation to install the first quaternary center, a Ru-catalyzed diastereoselective cycloisomerization to construct the six-membered ring, and a diastereoselective hydroxylative Knoevenagel reaction to introduce the final hydroxyl group. The unusual olefin isomerization of the Ru-catalyzed cycloisomerization was discussed and exploited for the synthesis.     

苯并噻唑-2-甲醛合成方法的改进

以邻氨基苯硫酚为原料,先与羟基乙酸反应合成2-羟甲基苯并噻唑,然后通过氧化反应生成苯并噻唑-2-甲醛。对比了几种氧化剂的效果,发现二氧化锰氧化的效果最好。优化的反应条件为,2-羟甲基苯并噻唑与二氧化锰的摩尔比为1∶8,回流反应8h,产率可达90.2%。该方法适合苯并噻唑-2-甲醛及其衍生物的大规模生产。     

Several convenient methods for the synthesis of 2-amido substituted furans

Several new methods for the synthesis of differently substituted 2-amidofurans are described. The thermolysis of furan-2-carbonyl azide results in a Curtius rearrangement and the resulting furanyl isocyanate was trapped with various organometallic reagents. A second method consists of a C-N cross-coupling reaction of a bromo-substituted furan with various amides, carbamates, and lactams. The CuI-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between furanyl bromides and amides furnished 2- and 3-substituted amidofurans in 45-95% yield. The third protocol used involves the reaction of cyclic carbinol amides with triflic anhydride. The reaction proceeds under very mild conditions to provide alpha-(trifluoromethyl)sulfonamido-substituted furans in high yield. The resulting iminium ion derived from the reaction of the hydroxy pyrrolidinone with Tf(2)O undergoes a facile ring opening as a consequence of the adjacent hydroxyl group to produce an imino triflate intermediate. Subsequent cyclization of this highly electrophilic imine with the oxygen atom of the adjacent carbonyl group leads to an imino dihydrofuran that reacts further with another equivalent of Tf(2)O to give the observed product.     

Ring-chain tautomerism in organic synthesis: synthesis of heterocyclic enamines from a novel and practical formal ring transformation reaction of lactones

A novel approach to heterocyclic enamines has been developed from the formal ring transformation reaction of lactones. The synthesis comprises consecutive Reformatsky reaction of lactones and mesylation of the resulting mixture of ring-chain tautomers in a one-pot reaction, followed by cyclocondensation reaction with primary amines. The synthetic application of this method was demonstrated by a straightforward preparation of indolizidine compounds via N-(3-bromopropyl)-substituted enamine intermediates. The use of cheap and readily available materials and reagents under very mild conditions renders this formal ring transformation method practical and applicable in the preparation of various heterocyclic enamines that are the precursors for (poly)hydroxylated alkaloid derivatives.     

Gold(I)-catalyzed ring expansion of cyclopropanols and cyclobutanols

The rearrangement of 1-alkynyl cyclobutanols and cyclopropanols to alkylidene cycloalkanones catalyzed by cationic triarylphosphine gold(I) complexes is described. The reaction tolerates terminal alkynes as well as alkyl, aryl, and halo-substitution at the acetylenic position and stereoselectively provides a single olefin isomer. The gold(I)-catalyzed rearrangement is stereospecific with regard to substituents on the ring, thus providing a practical method for the stereoselective synthesis of highly substituted cyclopentanones from cyclopropanols. The reaction stereoselectively provides a single olefin isomer and is stereospecific with regard to substituents on the ring via sequential gold(I)-catalyzed ring expansion reactions.