一种新型阳离子三硅氧烷表面活性剂的合成及其表面性能

以1,2-环氧-9癸烯(ED)和1,1,1,3,5,5,5-七甲基三硅氧烷(MDHM)为原料,在氯铂酸催化下,经硅氢加成反应先制得烷基环氧基三硅氧烷(AETS),再将AETS与二乙醇胺(DEA)进行开环反应合成了一种新型阳离子三硅氧烷表面活性剂(CTSS)。 通过IR和1H NMR对CTSS的结构进行了表征,测定了CTSS的表面张力、润湿性和对pH值的稳定性。 同时对AETS及CTSS的合成条件进行了优化,优化后的工艺条件为:合成AETS的最佳条件为n(ED)∶n(MDHM)(n为物质的量)为1.1∶1,催化剂用量为n(MDHM)的0.075%,反应时间为5 h,反应温度为80 ℃;合成CTSS的最佳条件为n(AETS)∶n(DEA)=1∶1.05,反应时间3 h,反应温度80 ℃。 性能测试结果表明,CTSS在临界胶束浓度(CMC)为1.3×10-3 mol/L时,可以将水的表面张力降低至20.0 mN/m,同时具有良好的润湿性,另外,CTSS在pH值为6.5~8.0时稳定存在。     

聚醚改性硅氧烷的合成

利用低含氢硅油与端烯丙基聚氧烯醚进行硅氢加成反应合成了不含活泼氢的聚醚改性硅氧烷(1),羟值52.5 mgKOH·g-1,其结构经IR表征.由正交试验得到合成1的较佳反应条件为:n(Si-H):n(C=C)=1.0:1.1,催化剂H2PtCl6 20 mg·kg-1,于110℃反应3,5 h.     

二茂铁取代的笼型八聚(二甲基硅氧基)倍半硅氧烷的合成与表征

在Karstedt催化剂的催化作用下,通过把合成的笼型八聚(二甲基硅氧基)倍半硅氧烷与乙烯基二茂铁进行氧化硅烷化反应,合成了二茂铁取代的笼型八聚(二甲基硅氧基)倍半硅氧烷,产物经红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱与硅谱等进行了表征.     

1,3,5,7-四异氰氧基乙基-1,3,5,7-四甲基环四硅氧烷合成及结构表征

以丙烯酸和1,3,5,7-四甲基环四硅氧烷(D4H)等为初始原料,经酯化、硅氢加成反应制得1,3,5,7-四(三甲基硅氧羰丙基)-1,3,5,7-四甲基环四硅氧烷(2),水解2制得1,3,5,7-四羧丙基-1,3,5,7-四甲基环四硅氧烷(3),3经Staudinger反应和Curtius重排反应制得1,3,5,7-四异氰氧基乙基-1,3,5,7-四甲基环四硅氧烷(4).反应总收率为14.5%,化合物结构经1H NMR,29Si NMR,IR,MS和HRMS确证.     

硅氧烷的水解-缩聚反应动力学

综述了硅氧烷的水解动力学的主要影响因素(硅氧烷上的基团和水解反应催化剂等)、单组分以及多组分硅氧烷缩聚反应动力学、硅氧烷共缩聚产物结构控制策略。     

聚甲氧基硅氧烷及其功能化产物研究Ⅱ.分子结构表征

通过正硅酸甲酯(TMOS)的水解缩合反应制备了聚甲氧基硅氧烷(PMOS)，其分子式可表示为：[SiOa(OH)b(OCH3)c]n。用丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯(HEA)进行酯交换后，制的功能化产物聚丙烯酰氧基甲基硅氧：烷(PAMOS)，其分子式可表示为：[SiOd(OH)c(OCH3)f(OCH2CH2OCOCH=CH2)g]k。通过二氧化硅分析、红外光谱(FTIR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)等方法确定了分子式中a、b、c、n及d、e、f、g、k的值，是一种比较方便、快捷且准确的方法。     

己内酰胺与环硅氧烷阴离子开环共聚合——Ⅱ.聚合反应过程研究

 研究探讨了己内酰胺和八甲基环四硅氧烷两种完全不同的环单体的共聚过程。在反应初期,环硅氧烷快于己内酰胺而先聚合,随后己内酰胺很快达高转化率。随聚合反应时间延长和环硅氧烷单体配比的增加,共聚体中的硅氧烷含量都相应增加。研究提出并证实了聚合过程中的一些主要反应,并由此推断了共聚产物的结构表达式。     

硅氧团簇(SiO2)nO2H4的密度泛函理论研究

提出硅氧团簇(SiO2)nO2H4的两种新构型: 基于笼状结构和环状结构的构型, 并与链状构型相比较, 用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法在6-31G(d)基组水平上计算了三种构型n=2～22(n取偶数)的几何结构、平均结合能、能隙以及能量的二次差分. 分析计算结果发现, 笼状构型不但在n=4和8处存在幻数团簇(实验上已经观察到), 而且预测在n=14处也存在类似的幻数团簇; 此外, 与(SiO2)n团簇不同的是, (SiO2)nO2H4团簇的环状构型的稳定性从n=4开始大于链状构型, 意味着水的加成对硅氧团簇的稳定性有着重要的影响.     

多面体笼型倍半硅氧烷纳米杂化低介电材料的研究

多面体笼型倍半硅氧烷( POSS)是由O-Si-O链接的纳米大小的笼型无机芯[(SiO1.5)n]和外围有机取代基团（活性或惰性）组成,这种独特的结构为杂化功能材料的制备提供了重要的平台与基础。本文从低介电材料结构对性能的影响,以及低介电性能的形成机理,综述了当前低介电材料制备方法,尤其是多面体笼型倍半硅氧烷( POSS)在低介电材料控制制备的研究进展,为该领域新材料设计提供借鉴。     

硅氧烷改性线性酚醛的合成与性能研究

为了提高酚醛树脂的热稳定性,采用甲基三甲氧基硅烷(MTMS)对线性酚醛树脂(Novolac)进行改性,通过酯交换反应制得分子级硅氧烷改性线性酚醛树脂(SN),研究了催化剂种类、反应时间以及反应温度对SN分子量的影响,结果表明,最佳催化剂为冰醋酸,最佳反应时间为4~6h,最佳减压蒸馏温度为110℃。对SN结构的表征表明,Si—CH3和Si—O—CH3基团成功引入到Novolac的酚羟基上,且硅氧烷单体的一个甲氧基与Novolac的酚羟基发生的反应为主要反应。SN固化物的热稳定性结果表明,相比Novolac,在氮气气氛下,SN100固化物最大分解速率温度提高了80℃,最大分解速率降低了42.94%,1000℃的残碳率提高了8.97%,即是说硅氧烷的引入可显著提高Novolac的热稳定性。     

Competitive reaction pathways of C2Cl3 + NO via four-membered ring and bicyclic ring intermediates

The products and mechanisms of the atmospherically and environmentally important reaction, C(2)Cl(3) + NO, are investigated comprehensively by step-scan time-resolved Fourier transform infrared emission spectroscopy and the CCSD(T)/6-311+G(d)//B3LYP/6-311G(d) level of electronic structure calculations. Vibrationally excited products of Cl(2)CO, ClNCO, CCl(3)NCO and NCO have been observed in the IR emission spectra. Cyclic intermediates are found to play important roles leading to the rich variety of the chemical transformations of the reaction. Mainly two competitive reaction pathways are revealed: the four-membered ring intermediate pathway leading to the products Cl(2)CO + ClCN which is essentially barrierless and the bicyclic ring intermediate pathway leading to the product channels of ClNCO + CCl(2,) CCl(3)NCO and CCl(3) + NCO which is rate-limited by a barrier of 42.9 kJ mol(-1) higher than the reactants. By photolyzing the precursor at 248 and 193 nm, respectively, C(2)Cl(3) radicals with different internal energy are produced to observe the product branching ratios as a function of reactant energy. The Cl(2)CO channel via the four-membered ring intermediate pathway is shown to be overwhelmingly dominant at low energy (temperature) but become less important at high energy while the ClNCO and CCl(3)NCO channels via the bicyclic ring intermediate pathway are greatly enhanced and compete effectively. The experimental observation of the products and their branching ratios varying with reactant energy is well consistent with the calculated potential energy profiles.     

Late-stage Modification of Cage Diones by Tandem Metathesis

Herein, we report the application of tandem ring-opening cross-metathesis (ROCM) and tandem ring-opening cross-metathesis followed by cross-metathesis (ROCM/CM) in highly strained diastereomeric heptacyclic cage diones (HCCD's) catalyzed by ruthenium catalysts. These caged diastereomeric compounds have a high degree of ring strain as well as steric congestion. Therefore, the present work related to ROCM is unique and intricate as compared to simple norbornene derivatives. It is useful to prepare new hexacyclic cage derivatives suitable for high-energy density materials. The synthetic strategy of starting cage compounds features the Diels-Alder reaction, and [2+2] photocycloaddition as key steps.     

Density functional study of the ring effect on the Myers-Saito cyclization and a comparison with the Bergman cyclization

Myers-Saito cyclizations of a series of enyne-allenes and enyne-butatrienes have been studied by density functional methods. The pure DFT method, BPW91, in conjunction with the 6-311 basis set is demonstrated to be suitable to study these systems. Geometry optimizations and harmonic frequency calculations were applied for every reactant, transition structure, as well as product. It has been shown that the cyclic structure of reactant lowers significantly the critical distance and reaction barrier. For the Myers-Saito product of (5Z)-1,2,3,5-cyclononatetraen-7-yne (10R), the confinement of ring leads to an essential change of the biradical character from sigma-pi type to sigma-sigma type. The through-bond coupling is therefore involved in this product as in the Bergman products. With the enlargement of the ring, the geometrical distortion weakens the through-bond coupling and raises the stability of the products. As a consequence, 1,5-didehydroindene (10P) presents a particularly long critical distance and lower thermodynamic stability. Detailed comparisons of the reactivities of 10R, (Z)-1-cyclononene-3,8-diyne (13R), and (Z)-1-cyclodecene-3,9-diyne (14R) that represent the core structure of a category of natural antitumor drugs have also been made. It reveals that the reactivity of these three systems is quite similar, despite the fact that the thermochemical properties of the prototypical Myers-Saito and Bergman cyclizations are significantly different from each other.     

选择氧化法合成烷基多环苯酰氧基苯甲酸的研究

提出了一种在无水丙酮体系中, 采用KMnO4选择性氧化芳环上醛基的新方法. 运用此法, 氧化烷基多环苯酰氧基苯甲醛制备相应的苯甲酸. 采用循环伏安法研究了KMnO4在丙酮体系中的氧化活性, 利用红外光谱探讨了氧化反应的机理, 产物结构用IR, MS, 1H NMR及元素分析表征. 结果表明, 在无水丙酮体系中, KMnO4的氧化活性明显降低, 可以在芳环上同时存在烷基和醛基时, 选择性氧化醛基, 选择性达100%. 经正交试验确定反应最佳条件为高锰酸钾用量为原料的2倍, 反应时间4 h, 酸解时间1.5 h, 产率94%. 通过对结构类似化合物的合成, 表明该法具有一定的普遍性.     

Mapping the potential energy surfaces for ring-closing metathesis reactions of prototypical dienes by electronic structure calculations

The potential energy surfaces for ring-closing metathesis reactions of a series of simple α,ω-dienes which lead to 5-10 membered ring products, have been explored using density functional theory methods. We have investigated both the conformational aspects of the hydrocarbon chain during the course of the reactions, as well as the stationary structures on the corresponding potential energy surfaces. Extensive conformational searches reveal that the reaction proceeds via the conformation that would be expected for the cycloalkene product, though most unexpectedly, cyclohexene forms via complexes in boat-like conformations. The M06-L density functional has been used to map out the potential energy surfaces, and has identified metallocyclobutane fragmentation as being generally the highest barrier along the pathway. The structural variations along the pathway have been discussed for the reactant hydrocarbons of differing chain length to identify points at which cyclisation events may begin to affect reaction rates. Our study provides an excellent starting point from which to begin to learn about the way RCM reaction outcomes are controlled by diene structure.     

Postsynthetic Exterior Decoration of an Organic Cage by Copper(I)‐Catalysed A3‐Coupling and Detection of Nitroaromatics

A new synthetic protocol based on one‐pot, copper(I)‐catalysed multicomponent reaction of formaldehyde, secondary amine and terminal alkyne has been employed to postsynthetically modify a self‐assembled nanoscopic organic cage. By employing this synthetic strategy, three new cages appended with phenyl‐, xylyl‐ and naphthyl‐acetylene moieties have been synthesised. The resulting modified cages were characterised by using a range of spectroscopic techniques. The synthesised cages were fluorescent and thus one of them was tested to explore the potential use of such compounds as chemosensors for the detection of nitroaromatics. Experimental findings suggest a high selective quenching of initial fluorescence intensity in the presence of nitroaromatic compounds. Furthermore, it has been observed that among the various nitroaromatics tested, nitrophenolic compounds have better quenching ability.     

Selective α-bromination of aryl carbonyl compounds: prospects and challenges

The α-bromination of carbonyl compounds is one of the most important transformations and also important precursors in synthetic organic chemistry. Particularly, the side chain monobromination of carbonyl compounds has been a challenging task, because during the reaction a small amount of disubstituted or ring brominated products as an impurity is always accompanied with monosubstituted product in the reaction mixture. In recent years substantial advances have been made for the synthesis of brominated aromatic carbonyl compounds with high selectivity. In this review, we have summarized various methods for the synthesis of α-bromo aromatic carbonyl compounds.     

o-Phenylenediamine as a New Catalyst in the Highly Regioselective Conversion of Epoxides to Halohydrins with Elemental Halogens – A Reinvestigation

Summary. In contrast to a previous report, o-phenylenediamine is not a catalyst in the ring opening reaction of epoxides by means of bromine or iodine. The o-phenylenediamine is just a reactant which reacts with iodine to give phenazine-2,3-diamine and hydrogen iodide, or with bromine to give a mixture of brominated and polymerized products as well as hydrogen bromide. The hydrogen halogenides are in fact the real epoxide ring opening reactants.     

二环丁烷[1.1.0]开环反应的量子化学研究

本文用MNDO方法研究了二环丁烷[1.1.0]开环反应的反应途径, 并优化了该反应的反应物、产物和过渡态的结构, 在理论上证明了此开环反应的反应机理。     

Shape-controlled synthesis of copper colloids with a simple chemical route

The new electrical and optical properties of nanomaterials depend sensitively on both size and shape, which are of both fundamental and technological interest. This paper introduces a simple chemical method to produce copper particles, which has the ability to shape the particle without using any capping agent or template. In our synthetic procedure, the reactant concentration and temperature exerted a strong influence on the shape of the copper particles. At low reactant concentrations, the particles were cubic; at high reactant concentrations, obtained particles were spherical. The number of hollow particles greatly increased when the synthesis was performed at low temperature. We also synthesized a copper cubic ring at lower temperature, and it has been rarely reported. The absorption spectrum of hollow particles showed obvious red shifts, which suggests the possible assembly of novel optical materials.