高效毛细管电泳安培检测的进展

本文对高效毛细管电泳电化学检测方法中的安培检测进行了评述，安培检测具有灵敏度高，选择的特点，安培检测根据毛细管内径的大小有离柱安培检测和柱端安培检测，近年来脉冲安培分析法、化学修饰电极也已被引入毛细管电泳电化学检测。     

高效毛细管电泳柱端安培检测异丙嗪

本文用高效毛细管区带电泳柱端安培检测了抗组胺药物特异丙嗪。讨论了缓冲溶液浓度，ｐＨ值对柱效的影响，为提高检测的重现性考察了电极的电化学处理条件。在优化的实验条件下，异丙嗪的线性范围为１．×１０＾－７－１×１０＾－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，检测下限为３．５×１０＾－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，分离并检测了尿样中的１×１０＾－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的异丙嗪。     

毛细管电泳—钴钛菁碳糊修饰电极电化学催化氧化测定羟胺和巯基类…

本文利用自制的毛细管电泳－电化学安培检测装置，以钴钛菁碳糊修饰电极为工作电极。在中性磷酸体系缓冲溶液中，对四种羟胺和巯基类化合物的混合物进行了分离和测定，检测下限羟胺类化合物为５．０×１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ巯基类化合物为１．０×１０＾－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。对     

毛细管电泳-钴钛菁碳糊修饰电极电化学催化氧化测定羟胺和巯基类化合物

本文利用自制的毛细管电泳－电化学安培检测装置，以钴钛菁碳糊修饰电极为工作。电极，在中性磷酸体系缓冲溶液中，对四种羟胺和巯基类化合物的混合物进行了分离和测定，检测下限羟胺类化合物为５．０×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ巯基类化合物为１．０×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。对实际尿样中的半胱氨酸进行检测，结果满意。     

毛细管电泳直立型安培电化学检测器的研究

报道了一种新的用于毛细管电泳检测的直立式微型安培电化学检测器，以束状碳纤维盘状电极为工作电极，分离并测定了儿茶酚胺类物质，平均柱数为２２００００，最小检测量达２５ａｍｏｌ，且结构紧凑，操作简便，易于推广。     

集成芯片毛细管电泳电化学检测系统

研制了一种新颖的集成芯片毛细管电泳电化学检测装置。此装置基于柱末安培检测法，将检测池集成芯片上，以自制的30μmPt微盘电极为工作电极，在几十年秒钟内实现了多巴胺、5－羟色胺和肾上腺素三种神经递质的快速分离检测。     

新型安培检测毛细管电泳微系统

将电极、６ｃｍ分离毛细管、缓冲池、检测池集成于８．４×５．０ｃｍ有机玻璃片上,制作了一个毛细管电泳微系统。以碳纤维微盘电极作为工作电极,采用三电极体系柱端检测了１×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ多巴胺（ＤＡ）,具有良好的重现性,检测限３．６×１０－８ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,线性范围５×１０－７～１×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,并在该系统上分离了邻苯二酚（ＣＡ）和多巴胺的混合物。     

毛细管电泳法测定市售饮料中糖类物质的研究

毛细管电泳－电化学检测技术（ＣＥ－ＥＣ）,对具有电化学活性的物质的分离检测具有极大的优越性。本文采用ＣＥ－ＥＣ技术,以铜电极为工作电极,在０．１０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮａＯＨ溶液中对１０种市售饮料中的糖类物质的分离检测进行了研究。讨论了ｐＨ值,电泳操作液,分离电压,电极,工作电位等对分离检测的影响,并对１０种饮料中的糖类物质的热量进行了计算。     

毛细管电泳电化学检测法测定蜂胶中的黄酮和酚酸

用毛细管电泳电化学检测法同时测定蜂胶中的黄酮和酚酸的含量.考察了电极电位、运行缓冲液的酸度和浓度、电泳电压及进样时间对分离和检测的影响.在最佳实验每件下,以300μm直径的碳圆盘电极为检测电极,检测电位为+0.90 V(vs.SCE),在50 mmoL/L硼酸盐(pH:9.2)缓冲液中,上述各组分在25 min内能完全...     

毛细管电泳电化学法检测过氧化氢

以金微盘电极和离子液体修饰单壁碳纳米管糊微盘电极分别作为毛细管电泳电化学检测器,试验了两种电极对过氧化氢的响应情况,将金微盘电极与毛细管电泳联用,对过氧化氢进行了定性和定量检测.探讨了分离电压、缓冲溶液pH值和工作电位等条件对H2O2检测的影响.实验结果表明,峰电流与H2O2浓度在1.0×10-6～1.0×10-5mo...     

高效毛细管电泳电化学检测器的研制

本文提出了一种用于高效毛细管电泳的新型安培电化学检测器设计，使用Ｎａｆｉｏｎ溶液制作的ＨＰＣＥ／ＥＤ接口，可有效地隔开两化学系统的干扰，且不引入附加体积，经对有机酚类化合物的胶束电动毛细管色谱分离与电化学检测知，该系统性能优良，对对苯二酚的检出限为３０ａｍｏｌ。     

用于高效毛细管电泳的电化学检测器

阐述了高效毛细管电泳电化学检测器（包括电导、电势和安培检测）的研究现状，重点是检测器的研制及接口的制作技术。对各种电化学检测器的应用情况也进行了总结。展望了高效毛细管电泳电化学检测的发展前景。     

Capillary electrophoresis for diagnosis and studies of human disease, particularly metabolic disorders.

High-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) has been used in a multicomponent analytical system designed to diagnose and study human diseases, particularly metabolic disorders. Comparative analyses, using HPCE, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and an automated amino acid analyser, were carried out on urine and blood samples from patients with homocystinuria, cystinuria, glutathione synthetase deficiency and adenylosuccinase deficiency. HPCE of the sulphur-containing amino compounds, derivatized with monobromobimane and detected by fluorescence spectroscopy, was a quick and simple alternative to classical amino acid analysis. The detection of the characteristic succinylpurines associated with adenylosuccinase defect was equally well achieved with HPLC and HPCE (absorbance detector). Owing to the possible connection between deficiency of taurine (2-amino-1-ethanesulphonic acid) in the heart and the development of cardiomyopathy and heart failure, a simple HPCE method was developed for the determination of taurine in sub-milligram samples of biopsies of the myocardium. The homologue 3-amino-1-propanesulphonic acid was the internal standard, and derivatives of 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate and fluorescence detection were used. It is suggested that the potential of HPCE to analyse small volumes should be exploited in biomedicine and clinical diagnosis to analyse sub-milligram samples of tissue biopsies and cells.     

Simultaneous detection and quantitation of sodium, potassium calcium and magnesium in ocular lenses by high- performance capillary electrophoresis with indirect photometric detection

A high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) method which can be used to quantitatively determine Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ simultaneously in ocular lenses has been developed. The proteins in the lens aqueous homogenates were precipitated by 10% trichloroacetic acid. The precipitated proteins were removed after a brief centrifugation, and the supernatant containing the cations was washed with ether and directly used for HPCE analysis. A 50 μm × 75 cm fused-silica capillary was used for separation and the detection wavelength was set at 214 nm. A 20-mM imidazole at pH 6.0 containing 0.1% hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose was used as background electrolyte. Sample solution was injected at 15 kV for 10 s, and the electrophoresis was carried out at 15 kV. All the cations can be separated and quantified from the peak areas within 9 min. The values obtained by this method were comparable with commonly used flame atomic absorption and flame atomic emission spectroscopy. It is demonstrated that this HPCE method can be used to quantify all the cation levels simultaneously within a short time even in a small single rat or mice lens.     

High-performance capillary electrophoresis for characterization of hapten—protein conjugates used for production of antibodies against soyasaponin I

Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography using sodium cholate as the micellar phase has been investigated for characterization of hapten—protein conjugates. Special focus has been placed on the hapten soyasaponin I which is a quantitatively dominating glycoside in seeds of several legumes including pea (Pisum sativum L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Soyasaponin I has been isolated from pea and used as hapten for production of anti-saponin specific polyclonal antibodies. Soyasaponin I was coupled to Kunitz soybean trypsin inhibitor (KSTI) and bovine serum albumin. The degree of coupling was determined by high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE). Capillaries dynamically coated with zwitterions were found to be efficient for reduction of interaction between the silica capillary surface and the proteins. The applicability of HPCE for determination of coupling density was confirmed by investigation of a model hapten (p-nitrophenyl-- -galactoside; PNPG) coupled to KSTI. The PNPG—KSTI conjugates were examined by both HPCE and by spectrophotometric determination of the PNPG density on KSTI. The HPCE method was shown to be efficient in studies of the formation of hapten—protein conjugates and to be more specific than alternative techniques applied for determination of coupling densities.     

High-performance capillary electrophoretic method for the quantification of 5-methyl 2'-deoxycytidine in genomic DNA: application to plant,animal and human cancer tissues

A new approach to the evaluation of the relative degree of genomic DNA methylation through the quantification of 2'-deoxynucleosides is proposed. Detection and quantification of 5-methyl 2'-deoxycytidine in genomic DNA has been performed using micellar high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) with UV-Vis detection. This approach has been demonstrated to be more sensitive and specific than other HPCE methods for the quantification of DNA methylation degree and also to be faster than other HPLC-based methods. The detection and quantification of nucleosides through enzymatic hydrolyses notably increases the specificity of the technique and allows its exploitation in the analysis of poorly purified and/or concentrated DNA samples such as those obtained from meristematic plant regions and paraffin-embedded tissues.     

烟草中糖类物质的高效毛细管电泳-安培检测研究

将高效毛细管电泳－安培检测技术（ＨＰＣＥ－ＡＤ）用于不同烟草样品中糖类物质的测定。在 １×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ～１×１０－３ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内,存在良好的线性关系,葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖和麦牙糖的检测限均小于 ５．０ ×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,结果令人满意。     

Comparison of high-performance liquid chromatography and high-performance capillary electrophoresis for the determination of cicletanine in plasma.

A sensitive and selective high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) procedure was developed for the determination of total cicletanine in human plasma. The procedure consisted in extraction of the drug with diethyl ether and analysis by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography in a fused-silica capillary using sodium dodecyl sulphate in the run buffers and ultraviolet detection. The concentrations of cicletanine obtained by this method were compared with those obtained by a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method used routinely. The within-run precision of the methods, expressed as relative standard deviation, ranged from 1.6 to 7.8% for HPLC and from 6.4 to 11.1% for HPCE. Both methods showed an adequate level of accuracy; the relative errors ranged from 0.02 to 3.25% for HPLC and from 0.21 to 2.90% for HPCE. The HPCE method required less than half the time taken by the HPLC method, making HPCE a useful alternative technique for the routine determination of cicletanine in plasma. Both methods were used to follow the time course of total cicletanine in human plasma after a single oral therapeutic dose of the drug.     

Analysis of acyclovir by high performance capillary electrophoresis with on-column amperometric detection

The separation of acyclovir (ACV) by high performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) with on-column amperometric detection using alpha-amino-5-mercapto-3,4-dithiazole (AMD) as internal standard is described. The calibration line was linear in the range of 0.5-20 mg/L of ACV. The detection limit was 0.15 mg/L of ACV. Its recovery ranged from 98 to 101% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) from 1.9 to 3.2% (n = 5). This method was successfully used for determining ACV in some pharmaceuticals and human urine. Comparable results with HPCE with ultraviolet (UV) detection and amperometric detection were obtained.