HBO2异构体的结构和相对稳定性

用ab initio方法在MP2/6 311＋＋G(d,p)水平下优化得到了HBO2体系的若干异构体和过渡态，并在QCISD(t)/6 311＋＋G(3df,2p)//MP2/6 311＋＋G(d,p)水平下进行了单点能量校正.对计算结果的分析表明，无论是在热力学还是在动力学上，具有链状结构的HOBO异构体(E1)是势能面上最稳定的结构，并对E1的电子结构进行了分析；另一具有C2v对称性的HBO(O)结构的异构体(E2)的能量比E1高381.72 kJ•mol－1，由于E2处于一个较深的势垒中，因此是比较稳定的，可以推断，在适合的实验中应该可以观察到异构体E2.     

乙硼烷离子和自由基异构体重排与体系势能面的量子化学计算研究

在B3LYP／6－311G（d,p)和QCISD（T）／6－311＋＋G（3df,2p)（单点）水平下，对B2H6^ 阳离子和B2H5自由基全优化得到9个几何异构体，B2H5^＋单态体系（D3h,C1),B2H5^ 三重态（Cs,Cs,C1),B2H5自由基（C2v,Cs,Cs,Cs)，得到势能面上与体系异构化过程相联系的5种过渡态。     

硫氧分子阴离子的QCISD方法研究

使用二次组态相互作用（QCISD）方法和6－311G（d),6-311+G(d),6-311G(2d) 及6－311＋G(2d)基组研究了SO2^-和SO3^-的分子结构，超精细偶数常数（hfcc)及 其对应的分子的绝热电子亲合势（AEA）。发现在QCISD／6－311＋G（2d)水平上计 算的两个分子离子的结构，hfcc值（在^33S和^17O上的）和AEA值与实验值符合得 都很好（除SO^3-中的在^33S上的hfcc值比实验值小23％）。作为比较，我们使用 相同基组作了B3LYP方法计算，得到的超精细偶合常数和AEA值却都与实验符合得不 好。     

HPO3异构体结构与稳定性

使用密度泛函方法(B3LYP)和6-311 G(3df，3pd)基组计算得到了HPO3体系的9个异构体与11个过渡态，并用内禀反应坐标理论验证了异构体的异构化过程．结果表明，在HPO3体系中，只有热力学最稳定的平面型异构体HOFO2(E1)，(cis，cis)构象的HOOPO(E3)和立体的具有Cs对称性的异构体HP(O)O2(E7)具有较高的动力学稳定性，理论预测结果与实验一致．另外2个立体的HOFO2连接方式的异构体(E2和E4)由于解离为HO(Ⅱ) OPO(^2A1)的解离能较低，因此不能稳定存在。     

反应Si+HCl→SiCl+H的直接动力学研究

利用从头算直接动力学方法，研究反应Si HCl→SiCl H的动力学性能，在QCISD／6－311＋G（d,p)和CCSD（T）／aug-cc-pvtz(单点）水平上，得到体系的势能面信息，进而利用变分过渡态理论计算了反应的速率常数及其与温度的关系。计算结果与实验符合得很好。     

HPO_2异构体结构和相对稳定性

在MP2/6-311++G（d,p）和QCISD（t）/6-311++G（3df,2p）（单点）水平下计算得到了包括8个异构体和12个过渡态的HPO2体系势能面.在势能面上,异构体cis-HOPO（EI）的能量是最低的,其次是trans-HOPO（E2）和HPO（O）（C2v,E3）,能量分别比cis-HOPO高10.99和48.36 kJ/mol.根据体系的势能面,只有异构体E1和E3具有较高的动力学稳定性,在实验中应该可以观测到.PH和O2直接反应生成的cis-HPOO（E5）和trans-HPOO（E6）经过几步势垒较低的异构化过程就可以异构化为具有较高动力学稳定性的产物E1;而OH和PO反应可直接生成E1.计算结果较好地解释了相关实验.     

HAsO~2异构体结构、相对稳定性与体系势能面

在MP2/6-311++G(d,p)和QCISD(T)/6-311++G(3df,2p)(单点)水平下计算得到了包括9个异构体和10个过滤态的HAsO~2体系势能面。在势能面上，异构体cis-HOAsO(E1)的能量是最低的，其次是trans-HOAsO(E2)和HAsO(O)(C~2~V,E3)，能量分别比cis-HOAsO高13.15和192.74kJ/mol。根据体系的势能面，异构体E1，E3及cis-HOOAs(E6),trans-HOOAs(E5)具有一定的动力学稳定性，在实验中应该可以观测到。AsH和O~2反应的第一步产物将会异构化为具有较高动力学稳定性的异构体E3；而OH和AsO反应可直接生成E1。计算结果与HPO~2,HPS~2,HNO~2,HNS~2等价电子相同的分子的势能面进行了比较。     

CH3S自由基H迁移异构化及脱H2反应的直接动力学研究

采用密度泛函方法（MPW1PW91）在6．311G（d,p）基组水平上研究了CH3S自由基H迁移反应CH3S→CH2SH（R1）,脱H2反应CH3S→HCS＋H2（R2）以及脱H2产物HCS异构化反应HCS→CSH（R3）的微观动力学机理．在QCISD（t）／6．311＋＋G（d,p）／／MPW1PW91／6．311G（d,p）＋ZPE水平上进行了单点能校正．利用经典过渡态理论（TST）与变分过渡态理论（CVT）分别计算了各反应在200-2000K温度区间内的速率常数K^TST和k^CVT,同时获得了经小曲率隧道效应模型（SCT）校正后的速率常数萨k^CVT/SCT．结果表明,反应R1,R2和R3的势垒△E^≠分别为160．69,266．61和241．63kJ／mol。R1为反应的主通道．低温下CH3S比CH2SH稳定,高温时CH2SH比CH3S更稳定．另外,速率常数计算结果显示,量子力学隧道效应在低温段对速率常数的计算有显著影响,而变分效应在计算温度段内对速率常数的影响可以忽略．     

HPS2异构体结构与相对稳定性

在MP2/6-311++G(d,p)和QCISD(t)/6-311++G(3df,2p)(单点)水平下计算得到了包括9个异构体和15个过渡态的HPS2势能面.其中,异构体trans-HSPS(E1)的能量最低, 其次是cis-HSPS(E2)和HPS(S)(C2_V,E3),能量分别比trans-HSPS(E1)高3.43和14.17 kJ/mol.计算结果表明,异构体E1,E2,E3和立体的三元环结构的异构体HP(S)S(C_S,E4), 及与E4共存的trans-HPSS(E5)和cis-HPSS(E6)具有一定的稳定性.在QCISD(t)/6-311++G(3df,2p)//MP2/6-311++G(d,p)并包含零点能水平下,PH和S₂反应生成的E6和E5分别越过65.75和71.73 kJ/mol的势垒就可以异构化为具有较高动力学稳定性的产物E4, 计算结果对实验认定的产物是cis-HPSS(E6)的结论进行了修正.     

CH3SH与NO2的反应机理及动力学

在G3B3, CCSD(T)/6-311＋＋G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-311＋＋G(d,p)水平上详细研究了CH3SH与基态NO2的微观反应机理. 在B3LYP/6-311＋＋G(d,p)水平得到了反应势能面上所有反应物、过渡态和产物的优化构型, 通过振动频率分析和内禀反应坐标(IRC)跟踪验证了过渡态与反应物和产物的连接关系. 在CCSD(T)/6-311＋＋G(d,p)和G3B3水平计算了各物种的能量, 得到了反应势能面. 利用经典过渡态理论(TST)与变分过渡态理论(CVT)并结合小曲率隧道效应模型(SCT), 分别计算了在200～3000 K温度范围内的速率常数kTST, kCVT和kCVT/SCT. 研究结果表明, 该反应体系共存在5个反应通道, 其中N进攻巯基上H原子生成CH3S＋HNO2的通道活化势垒较低, 为主要反应通道. 动力学数据也表明, 该通道在200～3000 K计算温度范围内占绝对优势, 拟合得到的速率常数表达式为k1CVT/SCT＝1.93×10－16T0.21exp(－558.2/T) cm3&;#8226;molecule－1&;#8226;s－1.     

Predicting Potential Stable Isomers on the Singlet Surface of the [H,P,C,S] System by the MP2 and QCISD(T) Methods

A detailed singlet potential energy surface of [H,P, C,S] system is investigated by means of the MP2 and QCISD(T) methods. Eight isomers are located on the potential energy surface, and at the final QCISD(T)/6-311++G (3df,2p)//MP2/6-311++G(d,p) level with zero-point energy correction, the chainlike isomer HPCS is found to be kinetically and thermodynamically the most stable species followed by the chainlike HSCP, planar three-membered ring HC(S)P, chainlike HCPS, and stereo three-membered ring HP(C)S, which are predicted to be also kinetically stable isomers and should be experimentally observable provided that accurate experimental conditions are available. The dissociation processes from the kinetically and thermodynamically most stable species HPCS to the low-lying molecular dissociation fragments are not more favorable in energy than the isomerization process from HPCS to HSCP. Therefore, the experimental observation for potential isomer HSCP with C ≡ P triple bond is possible by means of photoisomerization technology using HPCS as precursor.     

Theoretical prediction regarding structural and thermodynamical characteristics of stable CH3PO2 isomers and unimolecular decomposition mechanisms of species CH3P(O)2, CH3O?PO,and CH2P(O)OH

The detailed isomerization and dissociation reaction potential energy profile of the CH₃PO₂ system was established at the UCCSD(T)/6‐311++G(3df,2p)//UB3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level of theory. Seventy minimum isomers were located and connected by 93 optimized interconversion transition states. Furthermore, 32 isomers with high kinetic stability were predicted to be possible candidates for further experimental detection. The bonding nature of the suggested stable isomers was analyzed while their molecular properties including heats of formation, adiabatic ionization potentials, and adiabatic electronic affinities were calculated at the G2, G2(MP2), G3, and CBS‐Q levels. Based on the isomerization and dissociation potential energy surface, possible unimolecular decomposition mechanisms and pathways of the low‐lying molecules CH₃P(?O)₂, CH₃O? P?O, and CH₂?P(?O)OH were discussed. Furthermore, the transition state theory rate constants of the primary unimolecular dissociation channels were also calculated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009     

Structures and stabilities of HPS_2 isomers

The potential energy surface of HPS2 system containing nine isomers and fifteen transition states is obtained at MP2/6-311++G(d, p) and QCISD(t)/6-311++G(3df, 2p)(single-point) levels. On the potential energy surface, the lowest-lying frans-HSPS(EI) is found to be thermodynami-cally the most stable isomer followed by cis-HSPS(E2) and HP(S)S(C2v, E3) at 3.43 and 14.17 kJ/mol higher, respectively. The computed results show that species E1, E2, E3, stereo HP(S)S(Cs, E4) with PSS three-membered ring, isomers trans-HPSS(E5) and cis-HPSS(E6) which coexist with E4 are kinetically stable isomers. The products E6 and E5 in the reaction of HP with S2 can be isomerized into higher kinetic stable isomer E4 with 65.75 and 71.73 kJ/mol reaction barrier height, respectively. The predicated results may correct the possible inaccurate conclusion in that the product was experimentally assigned as isomer cis-HPSS(E6).     

Structures and stabilities of HPO_2 isomers

The potential energy surface of HPO2 system including eight isomers and twelve transition states is predicated at MP2/6-311++G(d, p) and QCISD(t)/6-311++G(3df,2p)(single-point) levels of theory. On the potential energy surface, cis-HOPO(E1) is found to be thermodynamically and kinetically most stable isomer followed by trans-HOPO(E2) and HPO(O)(C2v, E3) at 10.99 and 48.36 kJ/mol higher, respectively. Based on the potential energy surface, only E1 and E3 are thermodynamically stable isomers, and should be experimentally observable. The products cis-HPOO(E5) and frans-HPOO(E6) in the first-step reaction of HP with O2 can isomerize into isomer E1 that has higher stability. The reaction of OH with PO will directly lead to the formation of isomer E1. The computed results are well consistent with the previous experimental studies.     

Kinetics of the multichannel reaction of methanethiyl radical (CH3S*) with 3O2

The CH3S* + O2 reaction system is considered an important process in atmospheric chemistry and in combustion as a pathway for the exothermic conversion of methane-thiyl radical, CH3S*. Several density functional and ab initio computational methods are used in this study to determine thermochemical parameters, reaction paths, and kinetic barriers in the CH3S* + O2 reaction system. The data are also used to evaluate feasibility of the DFT methods for higher molecular weight oxy-sulfur hydrocarbons, where sulfur presents added complexity from its many valence states. The methods include: B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p), B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,2p), CCSD(T)/6-311G(d,p)//MP2/6-31G(d,p), B3P86/6-311G(2d,2p)//B3P86/6-31G(d), B3PW91/6-311++G(3df,2p), G3MP2, and CBS-QB3. The well depth for the CH3S* + 3O2 reaction to the syn-CH3SOO* adduct is found to be 9.7 kcal/mol. Low barrier exit channels from the syn-CH3SOO* adduct include: CH2S + HO2, (TS6, E(a) is 12.5 kcal/mol), CH3 + SO2 via CH3SO2 (TS2', E(a) is 17.8) and CH3SO + O (TS17, E(a) is 24.7) where the activation energy is relative to the syn-CH3SOO* stabilized adduct. The transition state (TS5) for formation of the CH3SOO adduct from CH3S* + O2 and the reverse dissociation of CH3SOO to CH3S* + O2 is relatively tight compared to typical association and simple bond dissociation reactions; this is a result of the very weak interaction. Reverse reaction is the dominant dissociation path due to enthalpy and entropy considerations. The rate constants from the chemical activation reaction and from the stabilized adduct to these products are estimated as functions of temperature and pressure. Our forward rate constant and CH3S loss profile are in agreement with the experiments under similar conditions. Of the methods above, the G3MP2 and CBS-QB3 composite methods are recommended for thermochemical determinations on these carbon-sulfur-oxygen systems, when they are feasible.     

Structures and stabilities of HPS2 isomers

The potential energy surface of HPS² system containing nine isomers and fifteen transition states is obtained at MP2/6-311++G(d, p) and QCISD(t)/6-311++G(3df, 2p)(single-point) levels. On the potential energy surface, the lowest-lying trans-HSPS(E1) is found to be thermodynamically the most stable isomer followed by cis-HSPS(E2) and HP(S)S(C_2v, E3) at 3.43 and 14.17 kJ/mol higher, respectively. The computed results show that species E1, E2, E3, stereo HP(S)S(C_s, E4) with PSS three-membered ring, isomers trans-HPSS(E5) and cis-HPSS(E6) which coexist with E4 are kinetically stable isomers. The products E6 and E5 in the reaction of HP with S² can be isomerized into higher kinetic stable isomer E4 with 65.75 and 71.73 kJ/mol reaction barrier height, respectively. The predicated results may correct the possible inaccurate conclusion in that the product was experimentally assigned as isomer cis-HPSS(E6).     

Global investigation on the potential energy surface of CH3CN: application of the scaled hypersphere search method

An extensive quantum chemical study of the potential energy surface (PES) for all possible isomerization and dissociation reactions of CH3CN is reported at the DFT (B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)) and CCSD(T)/ cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) levels of theory. The pathways around the equilibrium structures can be discovered by the scaled hypersphere search (SHS) method, which enables us to make a global analysis of the potential energy surface for a given chemical composition in combination with a downhill-walk algorithm. Seventeen equilibrium structures and 59 interconversion transition states have been found on the singlet PES. The four lowest lying isomers with thermodynamic stability are also kinetically stable with the lowest conversion barriers of 49.69-101.53 kcal/mol at the CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level, whereas three-membered-ring isomers c-CH2NCH, c-CH2CNH, and c-CHNHCH can be considered as metastable intermediates which can further convert into the low-lying chain-like isomers and higher lying acyclic isomers with the lowest conversion energies of 21.70-59.99 kcal/mol. Thirteen available dissociation channels depending on the different initial isomers have been identified. A prediction can be made for the possible mechanism explaining the migration of a hydrogen atom in competition with the CC bond dissociation. Several new energetically accessible pathways are found to be responsible for the migration of the hydrogen atom. The present results demonstrate that the SHS method is an efficient and powerful technique for global mapping of reaction pathways on PESs.     

Structures and stabilities of HPO<Subscript>2</Subscript> isomers

The potential energy surface of HPO₂ system including eight isomers and twelve transition states is predicated at MP2/6-311++G(d, p) and QCISD(t)/6-311++G(3df,2p)(single-point) levels of theory. On the potential energy surface, cis-HOPO(E1) is found to be thermodynamically and kinetically most stable isomer followed by trans-HOPO(E2) and HPO(O)(C_2v, E3) at 10.99 and 48.36 kJ/mol higher, respectively. Based on the potential energy surface, only E1 and E3 are thermodynamically stable isomers, and should be experimentally observable. The products cis-HPOO(E5) and trans-HPOO(E6) in the first-step reaction of HP with O₂ can isomerize into isomer E1 that has higher stability. The reaction of OH with PO will directly lead to the formation of isomer E1. The computed results are well consistent with the previous experimental studies.     

Two Novel Isomers of HPS3 System

Two new isomers of HPS3 system, FIP(S)S2 and HSSPS, are predicted by means of B3LYP method with 6-311 G(3df,3pd) basis set. The two isomers can isomerize into thermodynamically the most stable species HSPS2, which have been experimentally identified,with relatively higher reaction barriers. In view of their higher thermodynamical and kinetic stability and the experimental observation for I-IP(O)O2 and HOOPO in previous study, we can reasonably believe that the two species can be spectrosymmetrically characterized in future experiments.