蜂毒素在功能化金纳米粒子表面的吸附及构象变化

利用硼氢化钠还原法制备了金纳米粒子, 通过在其表面修饰链长不同的巯基羧酸, 得到了功能化纳米粒子. 利用荧光发射、紫外吸收和圆二色谱等手段研究了功能化金纳米粒子与蜂毒素分子之间的相互作用及其所诱导的蛋白质分子的构象变化. 研究结果表明, 功能化修饰的金纳米粒子可通过静电相互作用吸附蜂毒素(Melittin)并诱导其α-螺旋结构的形成, 且这种效应与巯基羧酸分子的链长直接相关.     

基于纳米自组装技术的功能化溶胶-凝胶过氧化氢生物传感器

结合功能化溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)网络结构、自组装技术和纳米粒子效应,提出一种生物传感界面构建方法.利用自组装技术在玻碳电极表面组装氨基化sol-gel膜,通过与自组装膜间的强烈作用将纳米金粒子固定于sol-gel网络中,再通过静电吸附作用实现辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)在纳米金粒子表面的固定化,构建纳米自组装HRP传感界面.将制备的传感器用于对H2O2的催化还原,很好地保持了酶的生物活性,改善了传感器的灵敏度.     

基于点击化学和活性自由基聚合方法制备双重响应金纳米粒子

采用点击化学和可逆加成断裂链转移活性自由基聚合方法制备了温度和pH双重响应的金纳米粒子. 通过红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)及热重分析(TGA)等方法对双重响应性金纳米粒子进行了表征. 该金纳米杂化粒子具有良好的分散性, 其表面接枝聚合物的密度约为0.6 Chain/nm2. 通过改变温度和pH条件, 考察了金纳米杂化粒子的可逆响应行为. 实验结果表明, 点击化学和可逆加成断裂链转移活性自由基聚合方法实现了金纳米粒子修饰的简单化、可控化以及功能化.     

一种简单组装纳米沸石粒子层的方法及其二次法成膜研究

使用一种简单、新颖的纳米沸石晶体自组装方法, 以γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(AP-TMS)为偶联剂, 成功地实现了纳米A型沸石粒子在多孔不锈钢、陶瓷以及单晶硅表面的沉积组装, 获得了覆盖度高的续、均匀的沸石粒子层. 组装过程在合成釜内分为载体功能化和晶种化两步. 以该沸石粒子层为晶种二次法成膜, 形成了交织生长的连续、均匀的沸石膜, 并用含少量水的苯甲醛混合液评价了微型膜的渗透蒸发性能, 水-苯甲醛分离系数超过10 000以上. 考察了使用γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(AP-TMS)、γ-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷(CP-TMS)和γ-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷(SP-TMS)三种不同偶联剂时, 纳米A型沸石晶体在多孔不锈钢、陶瓷以及单晶硅表面的自组装效果. 研究发现, 使用CP-TMS作为偶联剂时, 只在不锈钢载体上形成较为连续的粒子层, 而使用SP-TMS作为偶联剂时, 在三种载体上纳米A型沸石粒子均不能沉积形成粒子层. 对偶联剂的作用和粒子组装机制进行了讨论和预测.     

pH响应性树枝状聚合物-金纳米粒子复合药物载体的制备

以表面接枝聚乙二醇链的聚酰胺胺树枝状聚合物(PEG-PAMAM)为纳米载体, 在其内部空腔包覆金纳米粒子, 在金纳米粒子表面连接硫辛酸改性的阿霉素(LA-DOX), 从而间接实现了抗癌药物在PEG-PAMAM内的高效负载. 同时, LA-DOX中的酰腙键提供pH响应性, 实现了药物的pH响应性释放. 紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱表明, 包覆金纳米粒子的PEG-PAMAM纳米载体对LA-DOX的负载能力显著增强. 体外细胞实验表明, 负载LA-DOX的树枝状聚合物-金纳米粒子复合药物载体具有较强的抗肿瘤能力.     

电化学沉积法制备金（核）-铜（壳）纳米粒子阵列

以组装在有机分子自组装膜/金基底电极上的Au纳米粒子阵列为电化学沉积模板,制备了金(核)-铜 (壳)纳米粒子阵列.选用巯基十一胺（AUDT）和巯基癸烷（DT）混合自组装膜作为基底电极与Au纳米粒子的耦联层,可以在一定的电位下实现金属Cu在Au纳米粒子上的选择性沉积.将沉积电位控制在－0.03 V（vs SCE）时,沉积初期（t ≤ 15 s,沉积粒子粒径 ≤ 20 nm ）金(核)-铜 (壳)粒子具有良好的单分散性和近似球形,而且粒径实验值同计算值非常吻合.     

两种功能化纳米金粒子固酶电极的催化性能

以合成的4-巯基苯甲酸功能化纳米金粒子和聚乙烯基吡啶包覆纳米金粒子分别作为固酶载体,制备了2种新型固酶电极,在此基础上组装了2种酶燃料电池。采用电化学方法结合紫外可见分光光度法、透射电镜技术等手段研究了固酶载体的形貌,酶-载体间相互作用对电极表面固定酶分子的光谱学性质,酶-电极间直接电子迁移能力和催化底物反应性能的影响,进一步评估和比较了两种酶燃料电池的能量输出性能。实验结果表明：4-巯基苯甲酸功能化纳米金粒子固酶基电极可以实现酶-电极间的直接电子迁移而且对葡萄糖和氧气具有良好的催化性能(催化反应起始电位分别为-0.03和0.96 V,底物转化频率分别是1.3和0.5 s^-1),其催化性能的重现性、长期使用性能、酸碱耐受性和热稳定性良好,随着自组装固酶层数的增加,催化性能随之增强直至达到极限催化电流;电池性能测试结果表明4-巯基苯甲酸功能化纳米金粒子固酶基燃料电池的开路电压为0.88 V,最大输出能量密度：864.0 μW·cm^-2,长期使用性能优异(储存3 周后仍可达到最佳能量输出的80%以上)。     

两种功能化纳米金粒子固酶电极的催化性能

以合成的4-巯基苯甲酸功能化纳米金粒子和聚乙烯基吡啶包覆纳米金粒子分别作为固酶载体, 制备了2种新型固酶电极, 在此基础上组装了2种酶燃料电池。采用电化学方法结合紫外可见分光光度法、透射电镜技术等手段研究了固酶载体的形貌, 酶-载体间相互作用对电极表面固定酶分子的光谱学性质, 酶-电极间直接电子迁移能力和催化底物反应性能的影响, 进一步评估和比较了两种酶燃料电池的能量输出性能。实验结果表明:4-巯基苯甲酸功能化纳米金粒子固酶基电极可以实现酶-电极间的直接电子迁移而且对葡萄糖和氧气具有良好的催化性能(催化反应起始电位分别为-0.03和0.96 V, 底物转化频率分别是1.3和0.5 s^-1), 其催化性能的重现性、长期使用性能、酸碱耐受性和热稳定性良好, 随着自组装固酶层数的增加, 催化性能随之增强直至达到极限催化电流;电池性能测试结果表明4-巯基苯甲酸功能化纳米金粒子固酶基燃料电池的开路电压为0.88 V, 最大输出能量密度:864.0 μW·cm^-2, 长期使用性能优异(储存3 周后仍可达到最佳能量输出的80%以上)。     

金纳米粒子的微波法合成及在蛋白质检测中的应用

通过对微波反应器中氯金酸和柠檬酸钠混合物进行直接加热,快速、一步合成了金纳米粒子.通过调节反应初始混合物中氯金酸与柠檬酸钠的比例,可获得不同粒径窄分散的金纳米粒子.进一步将所合成的金纳米粒子功能化,考察了其在蛋白质检测中的应用.     

笼形倍半硅氧烷修饰的金纳米粒子对4-正戊基4'-氰基联苯液晶性能的影响

为有效降低液晶器件的开启电压,获得具有低功耗特性的液晶显示器件。本文采用巯基功能化的笼形倍半硅氧烷(POSS)作为修饰配体,硼氢化钠为还原剂,采用一步法还原氯金酸制备出粒径约为5 nm的金纳米粒子。将该金纳米粒子以不同质量分数掺杂到向列相液晶4-正戊基4'-氰基联苯(5CB)中,研究了其对液晶黏度、阈值电压、相变温度的影响。结果表明,POSS修饰的金纳米粒子可以使液晶材料5CB的黏度降低、阈值电压减小。该金纳米粒子的掺入,拓宽了液晶材料的相变温度范围。     

光诱导富精氨酸多肽修饰的Fe2O3@Au纳米粒子的细胞毒性

以人宫颈癌细胞(HeLa细胞)为对象考察了富精氨酸多肽RRRRRRRR(R8)修饰的金-三氧化二铁壳核纳米粒子(R8-Fe2O3@Au NPs)对活细胞的光毒性. 研究结果表明, 内化后的R8-Fe2O3@Au NPs对活HeLa细胞无显著的细胞毒性, 但在激光照射下则可导致HeLa细胞的凋亡, 表现出很强的细胞光毒性. R8-Fe2O3@Au NPs的细胞光毒性与照射激光波长有关, 并随细胞吞噬的R8-Fe2O3@Au NPs的量、 光照强度和时间的增加而增强.     

巯基化改性壳聚糖在电化学生物传感器制备中的应用

以壳聚糖、N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸(NAC)为原料,以1-羟基苯并三唑(HOBt)和1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基胺丙基)碳化二亚胺盐酸盐(EDAC)为缩合剂,合成功能化壳聚糖衍生物巯基壳聚糖(CHS-NAC).用红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振(1H-NMR)及X射线衍射(XRD)对其结构进行表征,用Ellman’s试剂通过标准曲线法测得巯基含量.利用CHS-NAC的黏附性,通过层层吸附的方法将CHS-NAC、纳米金及细胞色素c分别修饰到玻碳电极(GC)上,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对修饰电极表面的形貌进行了观察,采用循环伏安和电化学阻抗研究了不同修饰膜电极的电化学行为,及扫描速率对细胞色素c修饰电极的影响,并开展了对过氧化氢的电催化分析.实验结果表明,CHS-NAC能高效地将纳米金及细胞色素c固定在电极表面,并能有效发挥纳米金辅助转移电子及细胞色素c对过氧化氢催化的能力.     

Stimuli induced structural changes of gold nanoparticle assemblies having sequential alternating amphiphilic peptides at the surface

Gold nanoparticles having sequential alternating amphiphilic peptide chains, Phe-(Leu-Glu)8, on the surface have been prepared. We describe structural control of the amphiphilic peptide coated gold nanoparticle assembly by a conformational transition of the surface peptides. Under the acidic condition, the conformation of the surface amphiphilic peptide was converted to a beta-sheet structure from an aggregated alpha-helix by incubation. Under this condition, the amphiphilic peptide coated gold nanoparticles formed a nanosheet assembly. The plasmon absorption maximum of the gold nanoparticles shifted to a shorter wavelength with the formation of the beta-sheet assembly of the surface peptide. This suggests that the structure of the peptide coated gold nanoparticle assembly could be controlled by the conformational transition of the surface peptide. Furthermore, the core gold nanoparticle could be fixed in the beta-sheet assembly in the state that stood alone. This system may be useful for novel molecular devices that exhibit quantized properties.     

A new peptide-based method for the design and synthesis of nanoparticle superstructures: construction of highly ordered gold nanoparticle double helices

Left-handed gold nanoparticle double helices were prepared using a new method that allows simultaneous synthesis and assembly of discrete nanoparticles. This method involves coupling the processes of peptide self-assembly of and peptide-based biomineralization of nanoparticles. In this study, AYSSGAPPMPPF (PEPAu), an oligopeptide with an affinity for gold surfaces, was modified with an aliphatic tail to generate C12-PEPAu. In the presence of buffers and gold salts, amphiphilic C12-PEPAu was used to both control the formation of monodisperse gold nanoparticles and simultaneously direct their assembly into left-handed gold nanoparticle double helices. The gold nanoparticle double helices are highly regular, spatially complex, and they exemplify the utility of this methodology for rationally controlling the topology of nanoparticle superstructures and the stereochemical organization of discrete nanoparticles within these structures.     

Phosphonioalkylthiosulfate zwitterions--new masked thiol ligands for the formation of cationic functionalised gold nanoparticles

We report the synthesis and structural characterisation of a new family of stable phosphonioalkylthiosulfate zwitterions, R3P+ (CH2)nS2O3- (R = Ph or Bu, n = 3,4,6, 8 or 10) which behave as cationic masked thiolate ligands with applications in the functionalisation of gold nanoparticles, having potential as new diagnostic biorecognition systems. The ligands were prepared by treatment of omega-bromoalkylphosphonium salts with sodium thiosulfate. The crystal and molecular structures of the zwitterions (R = Ph, n = 3) and (R = Bu, n = 3) were determined. A series of phosphonioalkanethiolate-capped gold nanoparticles dispersed in water was prepared by borohydride reduction of potassium tetrachloroaurate in the presence of the zwitterions in a dichloromethane-water system. UV-visible spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron-microscopy indicated that capped nanoparticles of ca. 5 nm diameter were present.     

Photothermal ablation of amyloid aggregates by gold nanoparticles

Amyloid peptide (Aβ) is found in the brain and blood of both healthy and diseased individuals alike. However, upon secondary structure transformation to a β-sheet dominated conformation, the protein aggregates. These aggregates accumulate to form neuritic plaques that are implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Gold nanoparticles are excellent photon-thermal energy converters. The extinction coefficient of the surface plasmon band of gold nanoparticles is very large when compared to typical organic dyes. In this study, gold nanoparticle–Aβ conjugates were prepared and the photothermal ablation of amyloid peptide aggregates by laser irradiation was studied. Monofunctional gold nanoparticles were prepared using a recently reported solid phase modification method and then coupled to fragments of Aβ peptide, namely Aβ(31–35) and Aβ(25–35). The conjugates were then mixed with Aβ fragments in solution. The aggregated peptide formation was studied by a series of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The peptide aggregates were then irradiated by a continuous laser. With gold nanoparticle–Aβ conjugates present the aggregates were destroyed by photothermal ablation. Gold nanoparticles without Aβ conjugation were not incorporated into the aggregates and when irradiated did not result in photothermal ablation. With gold nanoparticle–Aβ conjugates the ablation was selective to the site of irradiation and minimal damage was observed as a result of thermal diffusion. In addition to the application of photoablation to a protein-based sample the nanoparticles and the chemistry involved provide an easily monofunctionalized photothermal material for the biological conjugation.     

基于表面增强拉曼光谱的重金属离子检测

以对巯基苯甲酸为拉曼标记和自组装修饰分子, 在光亮金基底上修饰后作为检测基底, 在金纳米粒子表面修饰后获得具有表面增强拉曼光谱信号的标记金溶胶. 修饰的基底及纳米离子通过重金属离子与羧基端的配位而发生相互作用, 最终形成“金属基底-对巯基苯甲酸/重金属离子/对巯基苯甲酸-金属纳米颗粒”的三明治结构. 采用扫描电镜表征纳米粒子的组装及以表面增强拉曼光谱检测表面标记分子的信号, 以此实现重金属离子的检测. 以强螯合剂EDTA溶液淋洗三明治结构, 使重金属离子与金属基底以及纳米颗粒上的羧基的配位作用断裂, 获得可再次利用的修饰金基底.     

Assembly process of CuHCF/MPA multilayers on gold nanoparticles modified electrode and characterization by electrochemical SPR

Gold nanoparticles were deposited onto 2-mercaptoethylamine (MEA)-assembled planar gold thin film to construct gold nanoparticles modified electrode by virtue of a solution-based self-assembly strategy. Subsequently, 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA)-bridged copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF) multilayers were constructed on the as-prepared gold nanoparticles modified electrode. The resulted multilayer nanostructures were investigated by electrochemical surface plasmon resonance (EC-SPR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) with primary emphasis upon the effect of the gold nanoparticles on the MPA/CuHCF multilayers growth and their surface morphology. Compared with the multilayer system on a planar gold electrode, the different electrochemical and optical properties might result from higher curvature effect and extraordinary surface-to-volume ratio characteristic of gold nanoparticles and the nanoparticle-selective growth of CuHCF. A dendrimer-like assembly process was proposed to explain the experiment results. This new motif of multilayer on the gold nanoparticles modified electrode was different from that of on a planar gold electrode, indicating a potential application of EC-SPR technique in the study of nanocomposite materials.     

Preparation of gold nanoislands on various functionalized polymer-modified glass and ITO for electrochemical characterization of monolayer assembly of alkanethiols

Nanometer dimension of citrate-capped gold nanoparticles can be firmly bound with various functionalized polymer-modified glass plate and indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates. Herein we report 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, polyvinyl pyridine, polyethylene imines, etc. as binding agents to modify these substrates to stabilize the charged colloidal gold nanoparticles through electrostatic stabilization of gold nanoparticles. When gold nanoparticles pretreated substrate are exposed into the seeding growth solution, the preadsorbed gold nanoparticles grow further and then form nanoislands of gold on glass and ITO substrates. The formation of nanoislands on microscope glass slide and ITO was monitored with UV-visible spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and atomic force microscopy methods. The gold nanoislands and gold nanoparticles pretreated substrates can be used as platform to study the self-assembling behavior of long chain alkanethiols such as C₁₂SH, C₁₆SH, and C₁₈SH. The binding, coverage, and electron transfer characteristics of monolayer assembly on modified gold nanoisland and nanoparticles modified substrates are studied using electrochemical studies. The gold substrates can be prepared by this method, which is simple and reproducible and can be applied to various sensor and electrocatalytic applications.     

金纳米粒子/碳纳米管复合修饰玻碳电极对对苯二酚氧化还原反应的电催化性能

以对苯二酚为目标化合物比较研究了金纳米粒子、碳纳米管、金纳米粒子/碳纳米管3种纳米粒子修饰电极的电催化性能,结果发现:3种纳米粒子修饰电极均对对苯二酚的电化学信号具有增强作用。电化学阻抗谱和修饰层数试验表明:金纳米粒子的增强效果来自于金纳米粒子的电催化作用,碳纳米管的增强作用来自于电催化作用与大的电极表面积,金纳米粒子/碳纳米管复合修饰电极综合利用了两种纳米粒子的特性,表现出了更为优良的电催化行为。对苯二酚在修饰电极上的电化学过程均为扩散控制过程。