尿毒症患者与血清八种元素含量关系的研究

检测了３７例尿毒症患者血清微量元素Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ和常量元素Ｋ、Ｎａ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｐ的含量，并进行比较，探讨其相互关系，以期为尿毒症的发生发展及防治措施提供依据．结果发现尿毒症患者血清Ｋ、Ｐ、Ｍｇ极显著高于对照组（均Ｐ＜０．０１），而Ｎａ、Ｃａ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ及Ｎａ／Ｋ、Ｃａ／Ｍｇ则极显著低于对照组（均Ｐ＜０．０１），且Ｎａ／Ｋ、Ｃａ／Ｍｇ与肾实质受损程度呈负相关，提示Ｎａ／Ｋ、Ｃａ／Ｍｇ降低与尿毒症的发生发展过程有密切的关系．     

活动性肺结核患者头发微量元素分析

通过ＥＰＭ－８１０Ｑ电子探针扫描分析电镜，对在治疗中５３例结核患者头发Ｍｇ、Ａｌ、Ｃｄ、Ｃａ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｐｂ、Ｓｅ１１种元素含量进行分析，并与健康人头发比较。结果表明：结核组中Ｃａ、Ｚｎ元素含量低于健康组，Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ元素含量高于健康组（Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

胃癌病人发微量元素测定及其临床意义

对４３例胃癌病人测定了发中Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ六种元素，结果：胃癌组发中Ｃｕ、Ｆｅｘ±ＳＤ值较健康对照组升高，Ｐ＜０．０５，有显著性差异．Ｚｎ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇｘ±ＳＤ值较健康组降低，Ｐ＜０．０５、＜０．０１、＜０．０１，差异有显著性和高度显著性．ＭＵｘ±ＳＤ值与健康对照组近似，Ｐ＞０．０５，差异无显著性．胃癌组Ｚｎ／Ｃｕ比值较健康对照组降低，Ｐ＜０．０１，差异高度显著性；胃癌组Ｚｎ／Ｆｅ比值与健康组近似，Ｐ＞０．０５，差异无显著性．Ｆｅ升高，Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ降低是胃癌的危险因素，Ｍｎ有抗癌抑癌作用，Ｆｅ、具有强烈催化自由基及过氧化反应的能力．发中微量元素测定可作为临床胃癌病人辅助诊断参考．     

健康老年人与若干常量及微量元素的相关性研究

用原子吸收光谱法测定了７０例健康老年人、３０例健康成年人和３０例老年高血压病人血清中Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ６种元素的含量．结果表明，健康老年人组与健康成年人组（对照组）相比，除Ｆｅ以外，Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ均有显著性差异；与老年高血压病人组相比，除Ｍｇ以外，Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃａ均有显著性差异．我们认为稳定的Ｃｕ／Ｚｎ比值及较高的血Ｍｇ水平是健康老年人未发生心血管疾病及糖尿病的重要原因之一，而高Ｃｕ、高Ｃａ及显著偏高的Ｃｕ／Ｚｎ比值，则是发生高血压的一个重要原因。     

乙肝患者头发微量元素分析

应用装有ＥＰＭ－８１０Ｑ电子探针扫描分析电镜，对５０例乙肝患者头发中Ｍｇ、Ａｌ、Ｃｄ、Ｃａ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｐｂ、Ｓｅ１１种元素含量进行分析，并与健康人头发进行比较。结果表明：乙肝组中Ｚｎ含量低于健康组，Ｃｕ、Ｃｄ、Ｆｅ含量高于健康组（Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

肝素和低效阶肝素对兔动脉壁微量元素的影响

给家兔静脉注射不同效阶肝素，并用在子发射光谱仪（ＤＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）测定兔动脉壁中Ｍｏ、Ｚｎ、Ｓｅ、Ｍｎ、Ａｌ、Ｃｄ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｇ、Ｃａ、Ｐｂ、Ｎｉ、Ｔｉ、Ｃｏ、Ｋ、Ｎａ、Ｌｉ、Ｃｒ等元素含量。结果表明，与盐水组比较，商品肝素、低效阶肝素（３８ｕ／ｍｇ）使Ｍｇ、Ｋ明显高于（Ｐ〈０．０５或Ｐ〈０．０１）；低效阶肝素使Ｚｎ显著升高（Ｐ〈０．０５）；而商品肝素使Ｃｏ显著升高，Ａｌ显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０５）；两组     

分裂样精神病和情感性精神障碍患者血清5种元素含量变化的研究

采用原子吸收法测定了分裂样精神病和情感性精神障碍患者血清Ｚｎ，Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ，Ｃａ和Ｍｇ含量。结果表明，分裂样精神病和情感性精神障碍患者血清Ｚｎ和Ｍｇ含量及Ｚｎ／Ｃｕ比值明显低于对照组，而Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ和Ｃａ含量及Ｃａ／Ｍｇ比值明显高于对照组。提示以上５种元素的含量变化与分裂样精神病和情感性精神障碍的发生有关。     

精神分裂症患者头发5种元素含量变化及临床意义

采用原子吸收光谱法测定了９６例精神分裂症患者和１０１名正常对照组的头发Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ元素含量。结果发现，精神分裂症患者头发ｎ和Ｍｇ元素含量明显低于对照组，而Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ和Ｃａ元素含量明显高于对照组。提示精神分裂症的发病，可能与Ｚｎ和Ｍｇ元素含量降低，Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ和Ｃａ元素含量升高有关。     

早孕妇女头发中四种元素含量变化及临床意义

采用日立Ｚ－８０００型偏振塞曼原子吸收分析法对５００例妊娠２～３月妇女枕后头发进行了Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｃａ四种元素含量的测定分析，结果显示与同龄组健康非孕妇女相比其Ｆｅ、Ｚｎ含量显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）、Ｃｕ含量稍有升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），Ｃａ含量变化不大（Ｐ＞０．０５），与用血清为样品进行的同类研究结果类似，故认为发样检测应有更多的优越性，值得普及应用；早孕妇女体内至少存在着Ｆｅ、Ｚｎ必需微量元素营养不足，应及早诊断与防治。     

海带中生命元素的ICP—AES研究

应用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ技术测定了Ｓｒ，Ｃａ，Ｍｇ，Ｐ，Ｆｅ，Ｃｕ，Ｍｎ和Ｚｎ等８种生命元素在海带中的分布，发现三种分布模式；（１）Ｆｅ，Ｃｕ，Ｍｎ，Ｚｎ在叶状体末端和边缘，固着器末端含量高，其余部位含量低；（２）Ｓｒ和Ｃａ的分布规律与第一类相似，但固着器基部高于固着器末端；（３）Ｍｇ和Ｐ均匀分布。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

微量钙的测定方法研究进展

介绍了1995-2006年期间测定微量和痕量钙的方法,如电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法以及离子色谱法等的工作原理和特点,并说明了其测定微量钙的应用领域。并对微量钙的测定技术进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。