硫代乙酰胺键合硅胶在线选择性固相萃取火焰原子吸收测定环境样品中痕量铜

以制备的硫代乙酰胺键合硅胶为微柱填充材料,建立酸性条件(pH 1 0)下流动注射微柱选择性预富集,0.6 mol/L硫脲溶液洗脱,火焰原子吸收测定环境样品中痕量铜的方法。流动注射在线固相萃取的最佳采样流速为8.0 mL/min;最佳洗脱流速为5.0 mL/min,时间为60 s。在优化的条件下,采样体积为10和50 mL时,线性范围分别为2.0～100.0μg/L和0.5～30.0μg/L;检出限(3σ)分别为0.36和0.07μg/L;富集倍数分别为80和170;相对标准偏差分别为(n=9)3.5%和2.0%。研究了环境样品中常见阴阳离子对测定的干扰。应用于灌木枝叶样品(GBW07602)、标准模拟水样(GBW08608)样品和环境样品中铜的分离与富集,取得满意结果。     

氧化酸性铬蓝K褪色动力学光度法测定微量芦丁

基于2 mmol/L的H2SO4介质中,微量芦丁催化H2O2氧化酸性铬蓝K(ACBK)的褪色反应,建立了测定微量芦丁的动力学光度法。方法的检出限为1.08μg/L,线性范围为3.6~400μg/L。实验讨论了酸度、反应物浓度、温度、反应时间、干扰离子等因素的影响,确定了该体系反应的最佳条件,并测定了一些动力学参数,催化反应的表观活化能为73.22 kJ/mol。在25 mL溶液中,测定10.0μg芦丁的相对标准偏差为1.6%(n=11)。方法用于测定槐米和芦丁片剂中的芦丁,相对标准偏差为1.0%~1.1%,标准加入回收率为98.0%~101.7%。     

自动蒸馏装置-滴定法测定土壤中水解性氮

建立自动蒸馏装置–滴定法测定土壤水解性氮的方法。对样品处理程序进行了优化,加入25 mL硼酸,60 mL蒸馏水,10 mL 10 mol/L的NaOH,蒸馏时间为380 s,待测液用0.01006 mol/L的HCl溶液进行滴定,测定土壤中水解性氮。方法的检出限为2.34 mg/kg,分别对标准物质GBW 07412a、GBW 07413a、GBW 0715a和GBW 07460进行测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.90-3.75%(n=6),用该方法与碱解扩散法同时对45个不同类型土壤样品的水解性氮进行测定,测定结果无明显差异。该方法适合于土壤水解性氮的检测。     

高效液相亲水作用色谱-串联质谱法同时测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中胆碱和左旋肉碱的含量

称取乳粉样品1.000g,加入1.0mol·L~(-1)的盐酸溶液25mL,涡旋混匀5min,于70℃水浴中水解3h(每隔30min振摇混匀一次),冷却后加入20mL乙醚,涡旋振荡30s,然后于4℃下以6 000r·min~(-1)冷冻离心10min。取上清液0.10mL,加入1mol·L~(-1)的乙酸铵溶液50μL,用水定容至10.0 mL,涡旋混匀,吸取1～2 mL上清液,经0.22μm水系针式滤膜过滤后,采用Hypersil GOLDTMAQ色谱柱(2.1mm×100mm,1.9μm)分离,以乙腈-乙酸铵溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。质谱选择电喷雾正离子源和多反应监测模式。胆碱和左旋肉碱的质量浓度分别在0.05～1.0mg·L~(-1),0.01～0.20mg·L~(-1)内与其定量离子峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)分别为0.003,0.005mg·kg~(-1)。方法用于测定质控样品中的胆碱和左旋肉碱,测定值与认定值的相对误差在10%以内。采用本方法测定婴幼儿配方乳粉样品中的胆碱和左旋肉碱,测定结果和国家标准方法的测定结果相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于9.0%     

流动注射双硫腙在线共沉淀预浓集石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定人血中微量镉

本文用流动注射分析技术为石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定人血中超微量金属元素建立了一个有效的在线共沉淀分离预浓集系统。基于痕量镉与双硫腙(DTZ)在弱酸性水溶液中共沉淀。沉淀收集在一编结反应器及一微型过滤器上,用60μL甲基异丁基酮(MIBK)溶洗沉淀,然后送入石墨炉进行测定。分析速度24样/h,样品消耗为1.4mL,获得的富集倍率为11。检出限(3σ)为0.003μg/L,浓度为0.06μg,/L镉时,测定精度为2.6%(n=7),测定人体血样标准参考物(GBW09132～GBW09134)中镉,结果与标准值一致。     

超声衍生萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤中茅草枯含量

以乙二胺四乙酸四钠盐为配位体,五氟苄基溴为衍生剂,取土壤样品(4.0g),石英砂(2g),Na4-EDTA(0.2g)和水1.0mL混匀并放置,使其水分挥发尽后加入丙酮4mL,300g·L-1五氟苄基溴溶液100μL和300g·L-1碳酸钾溶液100μL,进行超声衍生萃取。取上清液1.0mL,吹氮至近干,加入正己烷1.0mL,再次吹氮至近干,定容至1mL,按仪器工作条件进行测定。用HP-5MS毛细管色谱柱进行分离。质谱测定中用负化学离子源。线性范围为2.5~200μg·kg-1,检出限(3S/N)为0.34μg·kg-1。以土壤样品为基体,用标准加入法进行回收试验,测得回收率在89.1%~106%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)在9.9%~11%之间。     

痕量汞的气热提取应用于现场快速分析污水

为测定污水中汞含量,取约25mL水样,加入硫酸亚锡和氨基磺酸的混合物(质量比3∶1)0.40g,反应15min,使汞(Ⅱ)还原为气态单质汞,以0.3L·min~(-1)流量将汞蒸气引入由碘酸钾和硫酸氢铵的混合物(质量比1∶4)0.20g,约5 mL去离子水和1 mol·L~(-1)硫酸溶液0.100mL组成的吸收液中,使单质汞氧化成汞(Ⅱ),随即向此溶液中加入含有镉试剂的汞检测剂0.10g,使汞(Ⅱ)反应显色,2min后进行测定。显色反应时,所加入的汞检测剂中含有氢氧化钠和四硼酸钠组成的缓冲剂(相当于2mol·L~(-1)氢氧化钠溶液0.1mL和四硼酸钠0.04g),曲拉通X~(-1)00(相当于体积分数为10%的曲拉通X~(-1)00溶液30μL)和镉试剂(相当于1g·L~(-1)镉试剂乙醇溶液60μL)。按上述操作流程结合使用便携式专用仪器可在20min内完成一次测定,方法的检出限(3s/k)为2μg·L~(-1)。分别对0.050,0.500mg·L~(-1)汞标准溶液进行精密度试验,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)分别为3.6%,5.1%。方法用于废水样品的分析,并进行加标回收试验,测得回收率为92.0%～103%。     

王水溶样-电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）法测定地质样品中的金

称取10.00 g样品放于马弗炉中700℃条件下焙烧后,加入约60 mL王水,盖上表面皿于低温电热板(1000 W)溶解40 min,加入5 mL动物胶(20 g/L),搅拌均匀后加入等体积的水,抽滤,滤液定溶至500 mL,分液后以10 ng/mL的Rh为内标建立了王水溶样-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法快速测定地质样品中金的分析方法。方法适用于检测0.1~10μg/g品位的矿石样品,对国家一级标准物质GBW07209、GBW07808、GBW07809、GBW07300进行12次测定,其相对标准偏差RSD均小于5%,相对误差RE均小于2%。方法具有简单快速等优势,在实际应用中得到满意的结果。     

分光光度法测定矿渣中的汞

采用酚藏花红分光光度法测定矿渣中的微量汞,对反应条件进行了实验及优化,得最佳测定条件为:测定波长535 nm,H2SO4浓度为3.0 mol/L,NaBr浓度为0.02 mol/L,并且在室内漫射光条件下,溴汞酸-酚藏花红缔合物在溶剂中的稳定时间为120 min之内,汞含量在0～20μg/mL范围内服从比尔定律,检出限为1.09×10-3μg/mL。该条件下测得矿渣中的汞含量为2.5μg/g,加标回收率在97.95%～98.57%之间,测得其相对标准偏差(n=6)≤3.0%。该方法可用于矿渣中微量汞的测定。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定植物油中百草枯和敌草快的残留量北大核心CSCD

提出了固相萃取-超高液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定植物油中百草枯和敌草快残留量的方法。取4.00 g样品,以10 mL正己烷为分散剂,涡旋1 min,加入20 mL体积比1∶1的0.1 mol·L^(-1)盐酸溶液-甲醇混合液,涡旋振荡提取20 min,离心5 min,弃去上层液体。取提取液15 mL经ProElut PXC固相萃取柱(用3 mL甲醇、3 mL水活化)净化,依次用3 mL水、3 mL甲醇淋洗,用3 mL体积比1∶1的2 mol·L^(-1)氯化铵溶液-甲醇混合液洗脱。流出液过0.22μm尼龙膜,滤液采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定其中百草枯和敌草快的含量。以Dikma HILIC色谱柱为固定相,以不同体积比的10 mmol·L^(-1)甲酸铵溶液(pH 3.0)-乙腈的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱分析采用多反应监测(MRM)模式,外标法定量。结果表明,百草枯和敌草快标准曲线的线性范围分别为2.0~200.0μg·L^(-1)、1.0~100.0μg·L^(-1),检出限(3S/N)分别为0.6,0.3μg·kg^(-1)。按照标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为80.5%~93.6%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于10%。方法用于30个植物油样品分析,仅在3个样品中检出敌草快,检出量最高达10.5μg·kg^(-1)。     

应用先进光谱技术研究无机离子的环境界面化学

发生在环境界面的吸附-解吸和氧化-还原等反应对于污染物在环境介质间传输、转化以及归趋起着重要的调控作用。传统的研究方法虽然可以在实验室模拟并进而描述污染物环境界面过程,但是不能揭示界面反应机制,限制了对污染物环境界面行为的认识。近二十年来,各种谱学技术(例如X射线吸收精细结构和傅里叶红外光谱等)应用于环境界面反应的研究,推动了这一领域研究的发展,特别是在分子水平研究污染物的环境界面过程。通过现代光/波谱技术原位分析,可以实时获取界面反应的定量与结构信息,从而更准确地判断反应机制,极大促进了对污染物在多介质环境界面迁移转化规律的认识。本文将在概述环境界面化学反应的基础上,针对无机离子在环境界面的反应过程,重点介绍几种关键光/波谱技术(X射线吸收精细结构光谱、傅里叶红外光谱、拉曼光谱、核磁共振谱和穆斯堡尔谱等)在环境界面化学研究中的应用,并展望其在环境界面过程研究中的应用前景。     

ICP-MS的KED模式测定磷酸加王水复溶土壤样品中的二十种金属元素

在研究锗测定时,磷酸先溶解样品,后加入王水复溶,可同时测定锂、铍、钪、钒、铬、钴、镍、铜、锌、锗、钼、镉、钡、镧、铈、钨、铊、铅、钍和铀元素。研究ICP-MS的最佳测量模式、最佳工作状态,以铑为内标校正仪器的漂移。通过选择高、中、低几个国家一级水系沉积物和土壤标准物质随同样品一起实验溶解建立标准曲线,消除消解、分取、定容中带来的不确定误差和基体干扰,选择8个土壤标准物质为实验样本。最终结果表明,该实验方法准确度(ΔlgC)小于0.1,精密度(RSD)小于8%,该方法满足测定要求,适用于地质普通样品的多金属检测。#$NL     

Bestimmung von Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb und Cs in NBS-Ochsenleber, Blutplasma und Erythrocyten durch INAA und AAS

Zusammenfassung Der Gehalt von Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb und Cs wurde in Blutplasma und in Erythrocyten von sechs Normalpersonen mittels der instrumentellen Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse und der flammenlosen Absorptionsspektrometrie (Cu) bestimmt. Zur Überprüfung der Richtigkeit wurde der NBS-Standard 1577, Ochsenleber, verwendet. Die erhaltenen Resultate für Elemente mit höheren Gehalten (Fe, Cu, Zn) liegen weitgehend im Bereich der bisher veröffentlichten Daten. Bei Elementen mit kleineren Gehalten (Co, Se, Rb, Cs) liegen unsere Werte in dem unteren Bereich oder darunter. Für diese Elemente wurden in Blutplasma und in Erythrocyten (hier bezogen auf Trockenmasse) die folgenden Mittelwerte ermittelt: Für Co 0,22 ±0,14 ng/ml, 0,59±0,23 ng/g, für Se 103±18 ng/ml, 401±29 ng/g, für Rb 167±36 ng/ml, 12,1±2,5 g/g und für Cs 0,88±0,18 ng/ml, 13,0±5,7 ng/g.

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Determination of Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb and Cs in NBS Bovine Liver, blood plasma and erythrocytes by INAA and AAS

Summary The content of the above elements has been determined in blood plasma and in erythrocytes of six normal persons by instrumental neutron activation analysis and flameless atomic absorption spectrometry (Cu). The over-all accuracy of these techniques was checked by using the NBS standard 1577, Bovine Liver. The results obtained for elements of higher content (Fe, Cu, Zn) are essentially in the range of other published data. However, our results for elements occurring with lower contents (Co, Se, Rb, Cs) are in agreement with the lowest values of the published data and in some cases they are even significantly below these. For these elements, the following contents have been determined in blood plasma and in erythrocytes (here related to dry weight): for Co 0.22±0.14 ng/ml and 0.59±0.23 ng/g, for Se 103±18 ng/ml and 401±29 ng/g, for Rb 167 ±36 ng/ml and 12.1±2.5 g/g and for Cs 0.88 ±0.18 ng/ml and 13.0±5.7 ng/g, respectively.

Diese Arbeit wurde durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft gefördert.Dem Kernforschungszentrum danken wir für den Erlaß der Bestrahlungskosten.Herrn Dr. med. K. Spenger sind wir für die Mitwirkung bei der Blutentnahme und für wertvolle Diskussion dankbar.     

Phosphorescence of aromatic molecules in complexes with crystalline β-cyclodextrin at room temperature

The rate constants for the quenching by oxygen of triplet states of aromatic molecules (naphthalenes-d₈ and-h₈, phenanthrene) forming inclusion complexes with crystalline β-cyclodextrin in water at 290 K are equal to 900–1300 L mol⁻¹s⁻¹. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1450–1453, August, 1997.     

Direct benzylic functionalization of pyridines:Palladium-catalyzed mono-α-arylation of α-(2-pyridinyl)acetates with heteroaryl halides

Herein,we report a Pd-catalyzed mono-a-arylation reaction for pyridine benzylic functionalization.This approach serves as an efficient alternative to synthesize di-heteroaryl acetates in good yields and selectivities.Moreover,the method is applicable to heteroa ryl substrate combinations,and exhibits great functional group tolerance.A streamlined protocol also enables the rapid synthesis of diheteroaryl ketones.The synthetic value was also demonstrated by scale-up experiments.     

DC discharge in an alternating magnetic field as excitation source in emission spectroscopy

Summary The experimental study of the behaviour of a dc discharge in an alternating magnetic field is described. The lower electrode (anode) is a horizontally located chamber electrode. The alternating magnetic field causes oscillations along the lower electrode axis so that the oscillating arc can equably heat the anode. The axial distribution of the spectral line intensities for lead, bismuth, mercury, cadmium, tin and antimony is investigated. The intensity distributions are studied for near-to-cathode and near-to-anode regions of the discharge. The detection limits obtained for pure conditions show that the effects of chamber electrodes and of double arc could be achieved by means of a relatively simple technique.

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Ein Gleichstrombogen im Wechselmagnetfeld als Anregungsquelle in der Emissionsspektrographie

Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen über das Verhalten eines Gleichstrombogens in einem Wechselmagnetfeld werden beschrieben. Die untere Elektrode (Anode) ist eine horizontale Kammerelektrode. Das Wechselmagnetfeld verursacht Bogenschwingungen entlang der Achse der unteren Elektrode und ermöglicht dadurch deren gleichmäßige Heizung. Die axiale Verteilung der Linienintensitäten von Blei, Bismut, Quecksilber, Cadmium, Zinn und Antimon wurde für beide Elektroden untersucht. Die berechneten Nachweisgrenzen zeigen, daß die Wirkung der Kammerelektrode und des Doppelbogens mit einfachen Mitteln erreicht werden kann.

     

Determination of Violet Covasol as a cosmetic dye in water samples by a CPE-Scanometry method

The trace amounts of Violet Covasol as a cosmetic dye was determined by an efficient cloud point extraction-Scanometry(CPE-Scanometry) method. This method has many advantages such as novelty,facility, high speed, sensitivity, low cost and safety. The method is based on the CPE of an analyte from an aqueous solution, diluting the extracted surfactant-rich phase with ethanol, transferring to Plexiglas~cell and scanning of the cells containing the analyte solution with a scanner and measuring the RGB parameters with software written in visual basic(VB 6) media. Parameters impacting the extraction efficiency such as p H of the system, the concentration of surfactant, equilibration temperature and time were optimized. Detection limit(DL), relative standard deviation(RSD) and linear range for the proposed method are 0.026, 0.71 and 0.16–6.6 μg m L ~(-1)respectively. The method was successfully applied for the determination of Violet Covasol dye in several water samples, including a water sample containing the dye as a tracer(to investigate subsurface water movement).     

Electrocatalytic Oxidation and Simultaneous Determination of Uric Acid,Xanthine, Hypoxanthine and Dopamine Based on β-Cyclodextrin Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

A novel covalently modified glassy carbon electrode with β-cyclodextrin was prepared via electropolymerization technique for the simultaneous determination of uric acid(UA), xanthine(XA), hypoxanthine(HX) and dopamine(DA). This new electrode presented an excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of UA, XA, HX and DA by cyclic voltammetry(CV) method. The oxidation peaks of the four compounds were well defined and had the enhanced peak currents. The separation potentials of the oxidation peaks for DA-UA, UA-XA and XA-HX were 150, 390 and 360 mV in CV, respectively. By means of differential pulse voltammetry(DPV) method, the calibration curves in the ranges of 10-225, 5-105, 10-170 and 5-150 μmol/L were obtained for UA, XA, HX and DA, respectively. The lowest detection limits(S/N=3) were 5, 1.25, 5 and 1.5 μmol/L for UA, XA, HX and DA, respectively. The practical application of the modified electrode was demonstrated by the determination of DA in hydrochloride injection and UA, XA, HX in human urine samples.     

Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of 3-phenyl-4-substituted-β-carbolines

A new class of 3-phenyl-4-substituted-β-carbolines via iodine-mediated electrophilic cyclization as key step were synthesized and their inhibitory activity against three tumor cell lines was evaluated in vitro.It was found that some of the tested compounds showed better cytotoxicity against HeLa and MCF-7 cells than harmine.